1# http://pyrocko.org - GPLv3
2#
3# The Pyrocko Developers, 21st Century
4# ---|P------/S----------~Lg----------
6'''
10.. _coordinate-system-names:
12Coordinate systems
13..................
15Coordinate system names commonly used in source models.
17================= ============================================
18Name Description
19================= ============================================
20``'xyz'`` northing, easting, depth in [m]
21``'xy'`` northing, easting in [m]
22``'latlon'`` latitude, longitude in [deg]
23``'lonlat'`` longitude, latitude in [deg]
24``'latlondepth'`` latitude, longitude in [deg], depth in [m]
25================= ============================================
26'''
29from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
31from collections import defaultdict
32from functools import cmp_to_key
33import time
34import math
35import os
36import re
37import logging
38try:
39 import resource
40except ImportError:
41 resource = None
42from hashlib import sha1
44import numpy as num
45from scipy.interpolate import RegularGridInterpolator
47from pyrocko.guts import (Object, Float, String, StringChoice, List,
48 Timestamp, Int, SObject, ArgumentError, Dict,
49 ValidationError, Bool)
50from pyrocko.guts_array import Array
52from pyrocko import moment_tensor as pmt
53from pyrocko import trace, util, config, model, eikonal_ext
54from pyrocko.orthodrome import ne_to_latlon
55from pyrocko.model import Location
56from pyrocko.modelling import OkadaSource, make_okada_coefficient_matrix, \
57 okada_ext, invert_fault_dislocations_bem
59from . import meta, store, ws
60from .tractions import TractionField, DirectedTractions
61from .targets import Target, StaticTarget, SatelliteTarget
63pjoin = os.path.join
65guts_prefix = 'pf'
67d2r = math.pi / 180.
68r2d = 180. / math.pi
69km = 1e3
71logger = logging.getLogger('pyrocko.gf.seismosizer')
74def cmp_none_aware(a, b):
75 if isinstance(a, tuple) and isinstance(b, tuple):
76 for xa, xb in zip(a, b):
77 rv = cmp_none_aware(xa, xb)
78 if rv != 0:
79 return rv
81 return 0
83 anone = a is None
84 bnone = b is None
86 if anone and bnone:
87 return 0
89 if anone:
90 return -1
92 if bnone:
93 return 1
95 return bool(a > b) - bool(a < b)
98def xtime():
99 return time.time()
102class SeismosizerError(Exception):
103 pass
106class BadRequest(SeismosizerError):
107 pass
110class DuplicateStoreId(Exception):
111 pass
114class NoDefaultStoreSet(Exception):
115 pass
118class ConversionError(Exception):
119 pass
122class NoSuchStore(BadRequest):
124 def __init__(self, store_id=None, dirs=None):
125 BadRequest.__init__(self)
126 self.store_id = store_id
127 self.dirs = dirs
129 def __str__(self):
130 if self.store_id is not None:
131 rstr = 'no GF store with id "%s" found.' % self.store_id
132 else:
133 rstr = 'GF store not found.'
135 if self.dirs is not None:
136 rstr += ' Searched folders:\n %s' % '\n '.join(sorted(self.dirs))
137 return rstr
140def ufloat(s):
141 units = {
142 'k': 1e3,
143 'M': 1e6,
144 }
146 factor = 1.0
147 if s and s[-1] in units:
148 factor = units[s[-1]]
149 s = s[:-1]
150 if not s:
151 raise ValueError('unit without a number: \'%s\'' % s)
153 return float(s) * factor
156def ufloat_or_none(s):
157 if s:
158 return ufloat(s)
159 else:
160 return None
163def int_or_none(s):
164 if s:
165 return int(s)
166 else:
167 return None
170def nonzero(x, eps=1e-15):
171 return abs(x) > eps
174def permudef(ln, j=0):
175 if j < len(ln):
176 k, v = ln[j]
177 for y in v:
178 ln[j] = k, y
179 for s in permudef(ln, j + 1):
180 yield s
182 ln[j] = k, v
183 return
184 else:
185 yield ln
188def arr(x):
189 return num.atleast_1d(num.asarray(x))
192def discretize_rect_source(deltas, deltat, time, north, east, depth,
193 strike, dip, length, width,
194 anchor, velocity=None, stf=None,
195 nucleation_x=None, nucleation_y=None,
196 decimation_factor=1, pointsonly=False,
197 plane_coords=False,
198 aggressive_oversampling=False):
200 if stf is None:
201 stf = STF()
203 if not velocity and not pointsonly:
204 raise AttributeError('velocity is required in time mode')
206 mindeltagf = float(num.min(deltas))
207 if velocity:
208 mindeltagf = min(mindeltagf, deltat * velocity)
210 ln = length
211 wd = width
213 if aggressive_oversampling:
214 nl = int((2. / decimation_factor) * num.ceil(ln / mindeltagf)) + 1
215 nw = int((2. / decimation_factor) * num.ceil(wd / mindeltagf)) + 1
216 else:
217 nl = int((1. / decimation_factor) * num.ceil(ln / mindeltagf)) + 1
218 nw = int((1. / decimation_factor) * num.ceil(wd / mindeltagf)) + 1
220 n = int(nl * nw)
222 dl = ln / nl
223 dw = wd / nw
225 xl = num.linspace(-0.5 * (ln - dl), 0.5 * (ln - dl), nl)
226 xw = num.linspace(-0.5 * (wd - dw), 0.5 * (wd - dw), nw)
228 points = num.zeros((n, 3), dtype=num.float)
229 points[:, 0] = num.tile(xl, nw)
230 points[:, 1] = num.repeat(xw, nl)
232 if nucleation_x is not None:
233 dist_x = num.abs(nucleation_x - points[:, 0])
234 else:
235 dist_x = num.zeros(n)
237 if nucleation_y is not None:
238 dist_y = num.abs(nucleation_y - points[:, 1])
239 else:
240 dist_y = num.zeros(n)
242 dist = num.sqrt(dist_x**2 + dist_y**2)
243 times = dist / velocity
245 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[anchor]
247 points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * length
248 points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * width
250 if plane_coords:
251 return points, dl, dw, nl, nw
253 rotmat = num.asarray(
254 pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0))
255 points = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
257 points[:, 0] += north
258 points[:, 1] += east
259 points[:, 2] += depth
261 if pointsonly:
262 return points, dl, dw, nl, nw
264 xtau, amplitudes = stf.discretize_t(deltat, time)
265 nt = xtau.size
267 points2 = num.repeat(points, nt, axis=0)
268 times2 = (times[:, num.newaxis] + xtau[num.newaxis, :]).ravel()
269 amplitudes2 = num.tile(amplitudes, n)
271 return points2, times2, amplitudes2, dl, dw, nl, nw
274def check_rect_source_discretisation(points2, nl, nw, store):
275 # We assume a non-rotated fault plane
276 N_CRITICAL = 8
277 points = points2.T.reshape((3, nl, nw))
278 if points.size <= N_CRITICAL:
279 logger.warning('RectangularSource is defined by only %d sub-sources!'
280 % points.size)
281 return True
283 distances = num.sqrt(
284 (points[0, 0, :] - points[0, 1, :])**2 +
285 (points[1, 0, :] - points[1, 1, :])**2 +
286 (points[2, 0, :] - points[2, 1, :])**2)
288 depths = points[2, 0, :]
289 vs_profile = store.config.get_vs(
290 lat=0., lon=0.,
291 points=num.repeat(depths[:, num.newaxis], 3, axis=1),
292 interpolation='multilinear')
294 min_wavelength = vs_profile * (store.config.deltat * 2)
295 if not num.all(min_wavelength > distances / 2):
296 return False
297 return True
300def outline_rect_source(strike, dip, length, width, anchor):
301 ln = length
302 wd = width
303 points = num.array(
304 [[-0.5 * ln, -0.5 * wd, 0.],
305 [0.5 * ln, -0.5 * wd, 0.],
306 [0.5 * ln, 0.5 * wd, 0.],
307 [-0.5 * ln, 0.5 * wd, 0.],
308 [-0.5 * ln, -0.5 * wd, 0.]])
310 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[anchor]
311 points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * length
312 points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * width
314 rotmat = num.asarray(
315 pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0))
317 return num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
320def from_plane_coords(
321 strike, dip, length, width, depth, x_plane_coords, y_plane_coords,
322 lat=0., lon=0.,
323 north_shift=0, east_shift=0,
324 anchor='top', cs='xy'):
326 ln = length
327 wd = width
328 x_abs = []
329 y_abs = []
330 if not isinstance(x_plane_coords, list):
331 x_plane_coords = [x_plane_coords]
332 y_plane_coords = [y_plane_coords]
334 for x_plane, y_plane in zip(x_plane_coords, y_plane_coords):
335 points = num.array(
336 [[-0.5 * ln * x_plane, -0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
337 [0.5 * ln * x_plane, -0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
338 [0.5 * ln * x_plane, 0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
339 [-0.5 * ln * x_plane, 0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
340 [-0.5 * ln * x_plane, -0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.]])
342 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[anchor]
343 points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * length
344 points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * width
346 rotmat = num.asarray(
347 pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0))
349 points = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
350 points[:, 0] += north_shift
351 points[:, 1] += east_shift
352 points[:, 2] += depth
353 if cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat'):
354 latlon = ne_to_latlon(lat, lon,
355 points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
356 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
357 x_abs.append(latlon[1:2, 1])
358 y_abs.append(latlon[2:3, 0])
359 if cs == 'xy':
360 x_abs.append(points[1:2, 1])
361 y_abs.append(points[2:3, 0])
363 if cs == 'lonlat':
364 return y_abs, x_abs
365 else:
366 return x_abs, y_abs
369def points_on_rect_source(
370 strike, dip, length, width, anchor,
371 discretized_basesource=None, points_x=None, points_y=None):
373 ln = length
374 wd = width
376 if isinstance(points_x, list) or isinstance(points_x, float):
377 points_x = num.array([points_x])
378 if isinstance(points_y, list) or isinstance(points_y, float):
379 points_y = num.array([points_y])
381 if discretized_basesource:
382 ds = discretized_basesource
384 nl_patches = ds.nl + 1
385 nw_patches = ds.nw + 1
387 npoints = nl_patches * nw_patches
388 points = num.zeros((npoints, 3))
389 ln_patches = num.array([il for il in range(nl_patches)])
390 wd_patches = num.array([iw for iw in range(nw_patches)])
392 points_ln =\
393 2 * ((ln_patches - num.min(ln_patches)) / num.ptp(ln_patches)) - 1
394 points_wd =\
395 2 * ((wd_patches - num.min(wd_patches)) / num.ptp(wd_patches)) - 1
397 for il in range(nl_patches):
398 for iw in range(nw_patches):
399 points[il * nw_patches + iw, :] = num.array([
400 points_ln[il] * ln * 0.5,
401 points_wd[iw] * wd * 0.5, 0.0])
403 elif points_x.any() and points_y.any():
404 points = num.zeros(shape=((len(points_x), 3)))
405 for i, (x, y) in enumerate(zip(points_x, points_y)):
406 points[i, :] = num.array(
407 [x * 0.5 * ln, y * 0.5 * wd, 0.0])
409 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[anchor]
411 points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * ln
412 points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * wd
414 rotmat = num.asarray(
415 pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0))
417 return num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
420class InvalidGridDef(Exception):
421 pass
424class Range(SObject):
425 '''
426 Convenient range specification.
428 Equivalent ways to sepecify the range [ 0., 1000., ... 10000. ]::
430 Range('0 .. 10k : 1k')
431 Range(start=0., stop=10e3, step=1e3)
432 Range(0, 10e3, 1e3)
433 Range('0 .. 10k @ 11')
434 Range(start=0., stop=10*km, n=11)
436 Range(0, 10e3, n=11)
437 Range(values=[x*1e3 for x in range(11)])
439 Depending on the use context, it can be possible to omit any part of the
440 specification. E.g. in the context of extracting a subset of an already
441 existing range, the existing range's specification values would be filled
442 in where missing.
444 The values are distributed with equal spacing, unless the ``spacing``
445 argument is modified. The values can be created offset or relative to an
446 external base value with the ``relative`` argument if the use context
447 supports this.
449 The range specification can be expressed with a short string
450 representation::
452 'start .. stop @ num | spacing, relative'
453 'start .. stop : step | spacing, relative'
455 most parts of the expression can be omitted if not needed. Whitespace is
456 allowed for readability but can also be omitted.
457 '''
459 start = Float.T(optional=True)
460 stop = Float.T(optional=True)
461 step = Float.T(optional=True)
462 n = Int.T(optional=True)
463 values = Array.T(optional=True, dtype=float, shape=(None,))
465 spacing = StringChoice.T(
466 choices=['lin', 'log', 'symlog'],
467 default='lin',
468 optional=True)
470 relative = StringChoice.T(
471 choices=['', 'add', 'mult'],
472 default='',
473 optional=True)
475 pattern = re.compile(r'^((?P<start>.*)\.\.(?P<stop>[^@|:]*))?'
476 r'(@(?P<n>[^|]+)|:(?P<step>[^|]+))?'
477 r'(\|(?P<stuff>.+))?$')
479 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
480 d = {}
481 if len(args) == 1:
482 d = self.parse(args[0])
483 elif len(args) in (2, 3):
484 d['start'], d['stop'] = [float(x) for x in args[:2]]
485 if len(args) == 3:
486 d['step'] = float(args[2])
488 for k, v in kwargs.items():
489 if k in d:
490 raise ArgumentError('%s specified more than once' % k)
492 d[k] = v
494 SObject.__init__(self, **d)
496 def __str__(self):
497 def sfloat(x):
498 if x is not None:
499 return '%g' % x
500 else:
501 return ''
503 if self.values:
504 return ','.join('%g' % x for x in self.values)
506 if self.start is None and self.stop is None:
507 s0 = ''
508 else:
509 s0 = '%s .. %s' % (sfloat(self.start), sfloat(self.stop))
511 s1 = ''
512 if self.step is not None:
513 s1 = [' : %g', ':%g'][s0 == ''] % self.step
514 elif self.n is not None:
515 s1 = [' @ %i', '@%i'][s0 == ''] % self.n
517 if self.spacing == 'lin' and self.relative == '':
518 s2 = ''
519 else:
520 x = []
521 if self.spacing != 'lin':
522 x.append(self.spacing)
524 if self.relative != '':
525 x.append(self.relative)
527 s2 = ' | %s' % ','.join(x)
529 return s0 + s1 + s2
531 @classmethod
532 def parse(cls, s):
533 s = re.sub(r'\s+', '', s)
534 m = cls.pattern.match(s)
535 if not m:
536 try:
537 vals = [ufloat(x) for x in s.split(',')]
538 except Exception:
539 raise InvalidGridDef(
540 '"%s" is not a valid range specification' % s)
542 return dict(values=num.array(vals, dtype=float))
544 d = m.groupdict()
545 try:
546 start = ufloat_or_none(d['start'])
547 stop = ufloat_or_none(d['stop'])
548 step = ufloat_or_none(d['step'])
549 n = int_or_none(d['n'])
550 except Exception:
551 raise InvalidGridDef(
552 '"%s" is not a valid range specification' % s)
554 spacing = 'lin'
555 relative = ''
557 if d['stuff'] is not None:
558 t = d['stuff'].split(',')
559 for x in t:
560 if x in cls.spacing.choices:
561 spacing = x
562 elif x and x in cls.relative.choices:
563 relative = x
564 else:
565 raise InvalidGridDef(
566 '"%s" is not a valid range specification' % s)
568 return dict(start=start, stop=stop, step=step, n=n, spacing=spacing,
569 relative=relative)
571 def make(self, mi=None, ma=None, inc=None, base=None, eps=1e-5):
572 if self.values:
573 return self.values
575 start = self.start
576 stop = self.stop
577 step = self.step
578 n = self.n
580 swap = step is not None and step < 0.
581 if start is None:
582 start = [mi, ma][swap]
583 if stop is None:
584 stop = [ma, mi][swap]
585 if step is None and inc is not None:
586 step = [inc, -inc][ma < mi]
588 if start is None or stop is None:
589 raise InvalidGridDef(
590 'Cannot use range specification "%s" without start '
591 'and stop in this context' % self)
593 if step is None and n is None:
594 step = stop - start
596 if n is None:
597 if (step < 0) != (stop - start < 0):
598 raise InvalidGridDef(
599 'Range specification "%s" has inconsistent ordering '
600 '(step < 0 => stop > start)' % self)
602 n = int(round((stop - start) / step)) + 1
603 stop2 = start + (n - 1) * step
604 if abs(stop - stop2) > eps:
605 n = int(math.floor((stop - start) / step)) + 1
606 stop = start + (n - 1) * step
607 else:
608 stop = stop2
610 if start == stop:
611 n = 1
613 if self.spacing == 'lin':
614 vals = num.linspace(start, stop, n)
616 elif self.spacing in ('log', 'symlog'):
617 if start > 0. and stop > 0.:
618 vals = num.exp(num.linspace(num.log(start),
619 num.log(stop), n))
620 elif start < 0. and stop < 0.:
621 vals = -num.exp(num.linspace(num.log(-start),
622 num.log(-stop), n))
623 else:
624 raise InvalidGridDef(
625 'Log ranges should not include or cross zero '
626 '(in range specification "%s").' % self)
628 if self.spacing == 'symlog':
629 nvals = - vals
630 vals = num.concatenate((nvals[::-1], vals))
632 if self.relative in ('add', 'mult') and base is None:
633 raise InvalidGridDef(
634 'Cannot use relative range specification in this context.')
636 vals = self.make_relative(base, vals)
638 return list(map(float, vals))
640 def make_relative(self, base, vals):
641 if self.relative == 'add':
642 vals += base
644 if self.relative == 'mult':
645 vals *= base
647 return vals
650class GridDefElement(Object):
652 param = meta.StringID.T()
653 rs = Range.T()
655 def __init__(self, shorthand=None, **kwargs):
656 if shorthand is not None:
657 t = shorthand.split('=')
658 if len(t) != 2:
659 raise InvalidGridDef(
660 'Invalid grid specification element: %s' % shorthand)
662 sp, sr = t[0].strip(), t[1].strip()
664 kwargs['param'] = sp
665 kwargs['rs'] = Range(sr)
667 Object.__init__(self, **kwargs)
669 def shorthand(self):
670 return self.param + ' = ' + str(self.rs)
673class GridDef(Object):
675 elements = List.T(GridDefElement.T())
677 def __init__(self, shorthand=None, **kwargs):
678 if shorthand is not None:
679 t = shorthand.splitlines()
680 tt = []
681 for x in t:
682 x = x.strip()
683 if x:
684 tt.extend(x.split(';'))
686 elements = []
687 for se in tt:
688 elements.append(GridDef(se))
690 kwargs['elements'] = elements
692 Object.__init__(self, **kwargs)
694 def shorthand(self):
695 return '; '.join(str(x) for x in self.elements)
698class Cloneable(object):
700 def __iter__(self):
701 return iter(self.T.propnames)
703 def __getitem__(self, k):
704 if k not in self.keys():
705 raise KeyError(k)
707 return getattr(self, k)
709 def __setitem__(self, k, v):
710 if k not in self.keys():
711 raise KeyError(k)
713 return setattr(self, k, v)
715 def clone(self, **kwargs):
716 '''
717 Make a copy of the object.
719 A new object of the same class is created and initialized with the
720 parameters of the object on which this method is called on. If
721 ``kwargs`` are given, these are used to override any of the
722 initialization parameters.
723 '''
725 d = dict(self)
726 for k in d:
727 v = d[k]
728 if isinstance(v, Cloneable):
729 d[k] = v.clone()
731 d.update(kwargs)
732 return self.__class__(**d)
734 @classmethod
735 def keys(cls):
736 '''
737 Get list of the source model's parameter names.
738 '''
740 return cls.T.propnames
743class STF(Object, Cloneable):
745 '''
746 Base class for source time functions.
747 '''
749 def __init__(self, effective_duration=None, **kwargs):
750 if effective_duration is not None:
751 kwargs['duration'] = effective_duration / \
752 self.factor_duration_to_effective()
754 Object.__init__(self, **kwargs)
756 @classmethod
757 def factor_duration_to_effective(cls):
758 return 1.0
760 def centroid_time(self, tref):
761 return tref
763 @property
764 def effective_duration(self):
765 return self.duration * self.factor_duration_to_effective()
767 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
768 tl = math.floor(tref / deltat) * deltat
769 th = math.ceil(tref / deltat) * deltat
770 if tl == th:
771 return num.array([tl], dtype=float), num.ones(1)
772 else:
773 return (
774 num.array([tl, th], dtype=float),
775 num.array([th - tref, tref - tl], dtype=float) / deltat)
777 def base_key(self):
778 return (type(self).__name__,)
781g_unit_pulse = STF()
784def sshift(times, amplitudes, tshift, deltat):
786 t0 = math.floor(tshift / deltat) * deltat
787 t1 = math.ceil(tshift / deltat) * deltat
788 if t0 == t1:
789 return times, amplitudes
791 amplitudes2 = num.zeros(amplitudes.size + 1, dtype=float)
793 amplitudes2[:-1] += (t1 - tshift) / deltat * amplitudes
794 amplitudes2[1:] += (tshift - t0) / deltat * amplitudes
796 times2 = num.arange(times.size + 1, dtype=float) * \
797 deltat + times[0] + t0
799 return times2, amplitudes2
802class BoxcarSTF(STF):
804 '''
805 Boxcar type source time function.
807 .. figure :: /static/stf-BoxcarSTF.svg
808 :width: 40%
809 :align: center
810 :alt: boxcar source time function
811 '''
813 duration = Float.T(
814 default=0.0,
815 help='duration of the boxcar')
817 anchor = Float.T(
818 default=0.0,
819 help='anchor point with respect to source.time: ('
820 '-1.0: left -> source duration [0, T] ~ hypocenter time, '
821 ' 0.0: center -> source duration [-T/2, T/2] ~ centroid time, '
822 '+1.0: right -> source duration [-T, 0] ~ rupture end time)')
824 @classmethod
825 def factor_duration_to_effective(cls):
826 return 1.0
828 def centroid_time(self, tref):
829 return tref - 0.5 * self.duration * self.anchor
831 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
832 tmin_stf = tref - self.duration * (self.anchor + 1.) * 0.5
833 tmax_stf = tref + self.duration * (1. - self.anchor) * 0.5
834 tmin = round(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
835 tmax = round(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
836 nt = int(round((tmax - tmin) / deltat)) + 1
837 times = num.linspace(tmin, tmax, nt)
838 amplitudes = num.ones_like(times)
839 if times.size > 1:
840 t_edges = num.linspace(
841 tmin - 0.5 * deltat, tmax + 0.5 * deltat, nt + 1)
842 t = tmin_stf + self.duration * num.array(
843 [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0], dtype=float)
844 f = num.array([0., 1., 1., 0.], dtype=float)
845 amplitudes = util.plf_integrate_piecewise(t_edges, t, f)
846 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
848 tshift = (num.sum(amplitudes * times) - self.centroid_time(tref))
850 return sshift(times, amplitudes, -tshift, deltat)
852 def base_key(self):
853 return (type(self).__name__, self.duration, self.anchor)
856class TriangularSTF(STF):
858 '''
859 Triangular type source time function.
861 .. figure :: /static/stf-TriangularSTF.svg
862 :width: 40%
863 :align: center
864 :alt: triangular source time function
865 '''
867 duration = Float.T(
868 default=0.0,
869 help='baseline of the triangle')
871 peak_ratio = Float.T(
872 default=0.5,
873 help='fraction of time compared to duration, '
874 'when the maximum amplitude is reached')
876 anchor = Float.T(
877 default=0.0,
878 help='anchor point with respect to source.time: ('
879 '-1.0: left -> source duration [0, T] ~ hypocenter time, '
880 ' 0.0: center -> source duration [-T/2, T/2] ~ centroid time, '
881 '+1.0: right -> source duration [-T, 0] ~ rupture end time)')
883 @classmethod
884 def factor_duration_to_effective(cls, peak_ratio=None):
885 if peak_ratio is None:
886 peak_ratio = cls.peak_ratio.default()
888 return math.sqrt((peak_ratio**2 - peak_ratio + 1.0) * 2.0 / 3.0)
890 def __init__(self, effective_duration=None, **kwargs):
891 if effective_duration is not None:
892 kwargs['duration'] = effective_duration / \
893 self.factor_duration_to_effective(
894 kwargs.get('peak_ratio', None))
896 STF.__init__(self, **kwargs)
898 @property
899 def centroid_ratio(self):
900 ra = self.peak_ratio
901 rb = 1.0 - ra
902 return self.peak_ratio + (rb**2 / 3. - ra**2 / 3.) / (ra + rb)
904 def centroid_time(self, tref):
905 ca = self.centroid_ratio
906 cb = 1.0 - ca
907 if self.anchor <= 0.:
908 return tref - ca * self.duration * self.anchor
909 else:
910 return tref - cb * self.duration * self.anchor
912 @property
913 def effective_duration(self):
914 return self.duration * self.factor_duration_to_effective(
915 self.peak_ratio)
917 def tminmax_stf(self, tref):
918 ca = self.centroid_ratio
919 cb = 1.0 - ca
920 if self.anchor <= 0.:
921 tmin_stf = tref - ca * self.duration * (self.anchor + 1.)
922 tmax_stf = tmin_stf + self.duration
923 else:
924 tmax_stf = tref + cb * self.duration * (1. - self.anchor)
925 tmin_stf = tmax_stf - self.duration
927 return tmin_stf, tmax_stf
929 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
930 tmin_stf, tmax_stf = self.tminmax_stf(tref)
932 tmin = round(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
933 tmax = round(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
934 nt = int(round((tmax - tmin) / deltat)) + 1
935 if nt > 1:
936 t_edges = num.linspace(
937 tmin - 0.5 * deltat, tmax + 0.5 * deltat, nt + 1)
938 t = tmin_stf + self.duration * num.array(
939 [0.0, self.peak_ratio, 1.0], dtype=float)
940 f = num.array([0., 1., 0.], dtype=float)
941 amplitudes = util.plf_integrate_piecewise(t_edges, t, f)
942 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
943 else:
944 amplitudes = num.ones(1)
946 times = num.linspace(tmin, tmax, nt)
947 return times, amplitudes
949 def base_key(self):
950 return (
951 type(self).__name__, self.duration, self.peak_ratio, self.anchor)
954class HalfSinusoidSTF(STF):
956 '''
957 Half sinusoid type source time function.
959 .. figure :: /static/stf-HalfSinusoidSTF.svg
960 :width: 40%
961 :align: center
962 :alt: half-sinusouid source time function
963 '''
965 duration = Float.T(
966 default=0.0,
967 help='duration of the half-sinusoid (baseline)')
969 anchor = Float.T(
970 default=0.0,
971 help='anchor point with respect to source.time: ('
972 '-1.0: left -> source duration [0, T] ~ hypocenter time, '
973 ' 0.0: center -> source duration [-T/2, T/2] ~ centroid time, '
974 '+1.0: right -> source duration [-T, 0] ~ rupture end time)')
976 exponent = Int.T(
977 default=1,
978 help='set to 2 to use square of the half-period sinusoidal function.')
980 def __init__(self, effective_duration=None, **kwargs):
981 if effective_duration is not None:
982 kwargs['duration'] = effective_duration / \
983 self.factor_duration_to_effective(
984 kwargs.get('exponent', 1))
986 STF.__init__(self, **kwargs)
988 @classmethod
989 def factor_duration_to_effective(cls, exponent):
990 if exponent == 1:
991 return math.sqrt(3.0 * math.pi**2 - 24.0) / math.pi
992 elif exponent == 2:
993 return math.sqrt(math.pi**2 - 6) / math.pi
994 else:
995 raise ValueError('Exponent for HalfSinusoidSTF must be 1 or 2.')
997 @property
998 def effective_duration(self):
999 return self.duration * self.factor_duration_to_effective(self.exponent)
1001 def centroid_time(self, tref):
1002 return tref - 0.5 * self.duration * self.anchor
1004 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
1005 tmin_stf = tref - self.duration * (self.anchor + 1.) * 0.5
1006 tmax_stf = tref + self.duration * (1. - self.anchor) * 0.5
1007 tmin = round(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
1008 tmax = round(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
1009 nt = int(round((tmax - tmin) / deltat)) + 1
1010 if nt > 1:
1011 t_edges = num.maximum(tmin_stf, num.minimum(tmax_stf, num.linspace(
1012 tmin - 0.5 * deltat, tmax + 0.5 * deltat, nt + 1)))
1014 if self.exponent == 1:
1015 fint = -num.cos(
1016 (t_edges - tmin_stf) * (math.pi / self.duration))
1018 elif self.exponent == 2:
1019 fint = (t_edges - tmin_stf) / self.duration \
1020 - 1.0 / (2.0 * math.pi) * num.sin(
1021 (t_edges - tmin_stf) * (2.0 * math.pi / self.duration))
1022 else:
1023 raise ValueError(
1024 'Exponent for HalfSinusoidSTF must be 1 or 2.')
1026 amplitudes = fint[1:] - fint[:-1]
1027 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
1028 else:
1029 amplitudes = num.ones(1)
1031 times = num.linspace(tmin, tmax, nt)
1032 return times, amplitudes
1034 def base_key(self):
1035 return (type(self).__name__, self.duration, self.anchor)
1038class SmoothRampSTF(STF):
1039 '''
1040 Smooth-ramp type source time function for near-field displacement.
1041 Based on moment function of double-couple point source proposed by Bruestle
1042 and Mueller (PEPI, 1983).
1044 .. [1] W. Bruestle, G. Mueller (1983), Moment and duration of shallow
1045 earthquakes from Love-wave modelling for regional distances, PEPI 32,
1046 312-324.
1048 .. figure :: /static/stf-SmoothRampSTF.svg
1049 :width: 40%
1050 :alt: smooth ramp source time function
1051 '''
1052 duration = Float.T(
1053 default=0.0,
1054 help='duration of the ramp (baseline)')
1056 rise_ratio = Float.T(
1057 default=0.5,
1058 help='fraction of time compared to duration, '
1059 'when the maximum amplitude is reached')
1061 anchor = Float.T(
1062 default=0.0,
1063 help='anchor point with respect to source.time: ('
1064 '-1.0: left -> source duration ``[0, T]`` ~ hypocenter time, '
1065 '0.0: center -> source duration ``[-T/2, T/2]`` ~ centroid time, '
1066 '+1.0: right -> source duration ``[-T, 0]`` ~ rupture end time)')
1068 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
1069 tmin_stf = tref - self.duration * (self.anchor + 1.) * 0.5
1070 tmax_stf = tref + self.duration * (1. - self.anchor) * 0.5
1071 tmin = round(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
1072 tmax = round(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
1073 D = round((tmax - tmin) / deltat) * deltat
1074 nt = int(round(D / deltat)) + 1
1075 times = num.linspace(tmin, tmax, nt)
1076 if nt > 1:
1077 rise_time = self.rise_ratio * self.duration
1078 amplitudes = num.ones_like(times)
1079 tp = tmin + rise_time
1080 ii = num.where(times <= tp)
1081 t_inc = times[ii]
1082 a = num.cos(num.pi * (t_inc - tmin_stf) / rise_time)
1083 b = num.cos(3 * num.pi * (t_inc - tmin_stf) / rise_time) - 1.0
1084 amplitudes[ii] = (9. / 16.) * (1 - a + (1. / 9.) * b)
1086 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
1087 else:
1088 amplitudes = num.ones(1)
1090 return times, amplitudes
1092 def base_key(self):
1093 return (type(self).__name__,
1094 self.duration, self.rise_ratio, self.anchor)
1097class ResonatorSTF(STF):
1098 '''
1099 Simple resonator like source time function.
1101 .. math ::
1103 f(t) = 0 for t < 0
1104 f(t) = e^{-t/tau} * sin(2 * pi * f * t)
1107 .. figure :: /static/stf-SmoothRampSTF.svg
1108 :width: 40%
1109 :alt: smooth ramp source time function
1111 '''
1113 duration = Float.T(
1114 default=0.0,
1115 help='decay time')
1117 frequency = Float.T(
1118 default=1.0,
1119 help='resonance frequency')
1121 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
1122 tmin_stf = tref
1123 tmax_stf = tref + self.duration * 3
1124 tmin = math.floor(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
1125 tmax = math.ceil(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
1126 times = util.arange2(tmin, tmax, deltat)
1127 amplitudes = num.exp(-(times - tref) / self.duration) \
1128 * num.sin(2.0 * num.pi * self.frequency * (times - tref))
1130 return times, amplitudes
1132 def base_key(self):
1133 return (type(self).__name__,
1134 self.duration, self.frequency)
1137class STFMode(StringChoice):
1138 choices = ['pre', 'post']
1141class Source(Location, Cloneable):
1142 '''
1143 Base class for all source models.
1144 '''
1146 name = String.T(optional=True, default='')
1148 time = Timestamp.T(
1149 default=Timestamp.D('1970-01-01 00:00:00'),
1150 help='source origin time.')
1152 stf = STF.T(
1153 optional=True,
1154 help='source time function.')
1156 stf_mode = STFMode.T(
1157 default='post',
1158 help='whether to apply source time function in pre or '
1159 'post-processing.')
1161 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
1162 Location.__init__(self, **kwargs)
1164 def update(self, **kwargs):
1165 '''
1166 Change some of the source models parameters.
1168 Example::
1170 >>> from pyrocko import gf
1171 >>> s = gf.DCSource()
1172 >>> s.update(strike=66., dip=33.)
1173 >>> print(s)
1174 --- !pf.DCSource
1175 depth: 0.0
1176 time: 1970-01-01 00:00:00
1177 magnitude: 6.0
1178 strike: 66.0
1179 dip: 33.0
1180 rake: 0.0
1182 '''
1184 for (k, v) in kwargs.items():
1185 self[k] = v
1187 def grid(self, **variables):
1188 '''
1189 Create grid of source model variations.
1191 :returns: :py:class:`SourceGrid` instance.
1193 Example::
1195 >>> from pyrocko import gf
1196 >>> base = DCSource()
1197 >>> R = gf.Range
1198 >>> for s in base.grid(R('
1200 '''
1201 return SourceGrid(base=self, variables=variables)
1203 def base_key(self):
1204 '''
1205 Get key to decide about source discretization / GF stack sharing.
1207 When two source models differ only in amplitude and origin time, the
1208 discretization and the GF stacking can be done only once for a unit
1209 amplitude and a zero origin time and the amplitude and origin times of
1210 the seismograms can be applied during post-processing of the synthetic
1211 seismogram.
1213 For any derived parameterized source model, this method is called to
1214 decide if discretization and stacking of the source should be shared.
1215 When two source models return an equal vector of values discretization
1216 is shared.
1217 '''
1218 return (self.depth, self.lat, self.north_shift,
1219 self.lon, self.east_shift, self.time, type(self).__name__) + \
1220 self.effective_stf_pre().base_key()
1222 def get_factor(self):
1223 '''
1224 Get the scaling factor to be applied during post-processing.
1226 Discretization of the base seismogram is usually done for a unit
1227 amplitude, because a common factor can be efficiently multiplied to
1228 final seismograms. This eliminates to do repeat the stacking when
1229 creating seismograms for a series of source models only differing in
1230 amplitude.
1232 This method should return the scaling factor to apply in the
1233 post-processing (often this is simply the scalar moment of the source).
1234 '''
1236 return 1.0
1238 def effective_stf_pre(self):
1239 '''
1240 Return the STF applied before stacking of the Green's functions.
1242 This STF is used during discretization of the parameterized source
1243 models, i.e. to produce a temporal distribution of point sources.
1245 Handling of the STF before stacking of the GFs is less efficient but
1246 allows to use different source time functions for different parts of
1247 the source.
1248 '''
1250 if self.stf is not None and self.stf_mode == 'pre':
1251 return self.stf
1252 else:
1253 return g_unit_pulse
1255 def effective_stf_post(self):
1256 '''
1257 Return the STF applied after stacking of the Green's fuctions.
1259 This STF is used in the post-processing of the synthetic seismograms.
1261 Handling of the STF after stacking of the GFs is usually more efficient
1262 but is only possible when a common STF is used for all subsources.
1263 '''
1265 if self.stf is not None and self.stf_mode == 'post':
1266 return self.stf
1267 else:
1268 return g_unit_pulse
1270 def _dparams_base(self):
1271 return dict(times=arr(self.time),
1272 lat=self.lat, lon=self.lon,
1273 north_shifts=arr(self.north_shift),
1274 east_shifts=arr(self.east_shift),
1275 depths=arr(self.depth))
1277 def _hash(self):
1278 sha = sha1()
1279 for k in self.base_key():
1280 sha.update(str(k).encode())
1281 return sha.hexdigest()
1283 def _dparams_base_repeated(self, times):
1284 if times is None:
1285 return self._dparams_base()
1287 nt = times.size
1288 north_shifts = num.repeat(self.north_shift, nt)
1289 east_shifts = num.repeat(self.east_shift, nt)
1290 depths = num.repeat(self.depth, nt)
1291 return dict(times=times,
1292 lat=self.lat, lon=self.lon,
1293 north_shifts=north_shifts,
1294 east_shifts=east_shifts,
1295 depths=depths)
1297 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1298 duration = None
1299 if self.stf:
1300 duration = self.stf.effective_duration
1302 return model.Event(
1303 lat=self.lat,
1304 lon=self.lon,
1305 north_shift=self.north_shift,
1306 east_shift=self.east_shift,
1307 time=self.time,
1308 name=self.name,
1309 depth=self.depth,
1310 duration=duration,
1311 **kwargs)
1313 def outline(self, cs='xyz'):
1314 points = num.atleast_2d(num.zeros([1, 3]))
1316 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
1317 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
1318 points[:, 2] += self.depth
1319 if cs == 'xyz':
1320 return points
1321 elif cs == 'xy':
1322 return points[:, :2]
1323 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat'):
1324 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
1325 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
1327 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
1328 if cs == 'latlon':
1329 return latlon
1330 else:
1331 return latlon[:, ::-1]
1333 @classmethod
1334 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
1335 if ev.depth is None:
1336 raise ConversionError(
1337 'Cannot convert event object to source object: '
1338 'no depth information available')
1340 stf = None
1341 if ev.duration is not None:
1342 stf = HalfSinusoidSTF(effective_duration=ev.duration)
1344 d = dict(
1345 name=ev.name,
1346 time=ev.time,
1347 lat=ev.lat,
1348 lon=ev.lon,
1349 north_shift=ev.north_shift,
1350 east_shift=ev.east_shift,
1351 depth=ev.depth,
1352 stf=stf)
1353 d.update(kwargs)
1354 return cls(**d)
1356 def get_magnitude(self):
1357 raise NotImplementedError(
1358 '%s does not implement get_magnitude()'
1359 % self.__class__.__name__)
1362class SourceWithMagnitude(Source):
1363 '''
1364 Base class for sources containing a moment magnitude.
1365 '''
1367 magnitude = Float.T(
1368 default=6.0,
1369 help='Moment magnitude Mw as in [Hanks and Kanamori, 1979]')
1371 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
1372 if 'moment' in kwargs:
1373 mom = kwargs.pop('moment')
1374 if 'magnitude' not in kwargs:
1375 kwargs['magnitude'] = float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(mom))
1377 Source.__init__(self, **kwargs)
1379 @property
1380 def moment(self):
1381 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.magnitude))
1383 @moment.setter
1384 def moment(self, value):
1385 self.magnitude = float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(value))
1387 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1388 return Source.pyrocko_event(
1389 self, store, target,
1390 magnitude=self.magnitude,
1391 **kwargs)
1393 @classmethod
1394 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
1395 d = {}
1396 if ev.magnitude:
1397 d.update(magnitude=ev.magnitude)
1399 d.update(kwargs)
1400 return super(SourceWithMagnitude, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
1402 def get_magnitude(self):
1403 return self.magnitude
1406class DerivedMagnitudeError(ValidationError):
1407 pass
1410class SourceWithDerivedMagnitude(Source):
1412 class __T(Source.T):
1414 def validate_extra(self, val):
1415 Source.T.validate_extra(self, val)
1416 val.check_conflicts()
1418 def check_conflicts(self):
1419 '''
1420 Check for parameter conflicts.
1422 To be overloaded in subclasses. Raises :py:exc:`DerivedMagnitudeError`
1423 on conflicts.
1424 '''
1425 pass
1427 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
1428 raise DerivedMagnitudeError('No magnitude set.')
1430 def get_moment(self, store=None, target=None):
1431 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(
1432 self.get_magnitude(store, target)))
1434 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1435 raise NotImplementedError(
1436 '%s does not implement pyrocko_moment_tensor()'
1437 % self.__class__.__name__)
1439 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1440 try:
1441 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target)
1442 magnitude = self.get_magnitude()
1443 except (DerivedMagnitudeError, NotImplementedError):
1444 mt = None
1445 magnitude = None
1447 return Source.pyrocko_event(
1448 self, store, target,
1449 moment_tensor=mt,
1450 magnitude=magnitude,
1451 **kwargs)
1454class ExplosionSource(SourceWithDerivedMagnitude):
1455 '''
1456 An isotropic explosion point source.
1457 '''
1459 magnitude = Float.T(
1460 optional=True,
1461 help='moment magnitude Mw as in [Hanks and Kanamori, 1979]')
1463 volume_change = Float.T(
1464 optional=True,
1465 help='volume change of the explosion/implosion or '
1466 'the contracting/extending magmatic source. [m^3]')
1468 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedExplosionSource
1470 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
1471 if 'moment' in kwargs:
1472 mom = kwargs.pop('moment')
1473 if 'magnitude' not in kwargs:
1474 kwargs['magnitude'] = float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(mom))
1476 SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.__init__(self, **kwargs)
1478 def base_key(self):
1479 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.base_key(self) + \
1480 (self.volume_change,)
1482 def check_conflicts(self):
1483 if self.magnitude is not None and self.volume_change is not None:
1484 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1485 'Magnitude and volume_change are both defined.')
1487 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
1488 self.check_conflicts()
1490 if self.magnitude is not None:
1491 return self.magnitude
1493 elif self.volume_change is not None:
1494 moment = self.volume_change * \
1495 self.get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(store, target)
1497 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(abs(moment)))
1498 else:
1499 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(1.0))
1501 def get_volume_change(self, store=None, target=None):
1502 self.check_conflicts()
1504 if self.volume_change is not None:
1505 return self.volume_change
1507 elif self.magnitude is not None:
1508 moment = float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.magnitude))
1509 return moment / self.get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(
1510 store, target)
1512 else:
1513 return 1.0 / self.get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(store)
1515 def get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(self, store, target=None):
1516 if store is None:
1517 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1518 'Need earth model to convert between volume change and '
1519 'magnitude.')
1521 points = num.array(
1522 [[self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth]], dtype=float)
1524 interpolation = target.interpolation if target else 'multilinear'
1525 try:
1526 shear_moduli = store.config.get_shear_moduli(
1527 self.lat, self.lon,
1528 points=points,
1529 interpolation=interpolation)[0]
1530 except meta.OutOfBounds:
1531 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1532 'Could not get shear modulus at source position.')
1534 return float(3. * shear_moduli)
1536 def get_factor(self):
1537 return 1.0
1539 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1540 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1541 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1543 amplitudes *= self.get_moment(store, target) * math.sqrt(2. / 3.)
1545 if self.volume_change is not None:
1546 if self.volume_change < 0.:
1547 amplitudes *= -1
1549 return meta.DiscretizedExplosionSource(
1550 m0s=amplitudes,
1551 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1553 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1554 a = self.get_moment(store, target) * math.sqrt(2. / 3.)
1555 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=pmt.symmat6(a, a, a, 0., 0., 0.))
1558class RectangularExplosionSource(ExplosionSource):
1559 '''
1560 Rectangular or line explosion source.
1561 '''
1563 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedExplosionSource
1565 strike = Float.T(
1566 default=0.0,
1567 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
1569 dip = Float.T(
1570 default=90.0,
1571 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
1573 length = Float.T(
1574 default=0.,
1575 help='length of rectangular source area [m]')
1577 width = Float.T(
1578 default=0.,
1579 help='width of rectangular source area [m]')
1581 anchor = StringChoice.T(
1582 choices=['top', 'top_left', 'top_right', 'center', 'bottom',
1583 'bottom_left', 'bottom_right'],
1584 default='center',
1585 optional=True,
1586 help='Anchor point for positioning the plane, can be: top, center or'
1587 'bottom and also top_left, top_right,bottom_left,'
1588 'bottom_right, center_left and center right')
1590 nucleation_x = Float.T(
1591 optional=True,
1592 help='horizontal position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
1593 'plane coordinates (-1 = left edge, +1 = right edge)')
1595 nucleation_y = Float.T(
1596 optional=True,
1597 help='down-dip position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
1598 'plane coordinates (-1 = upper edge, +1 = lower edge)')
1600 velocity = Float.T(
1601 default=3500.,
1602 help='speed of explosion front [m/s]')
1604 aggressive_oversampling = Bool.T(
1605 default=False,
1606 help='Aggressive oversampling for basesource discretization. '
1607 'When using \'multilinear\' interpolation oversampling has'
1608 ' practically no effect.')
1610 def base_key(self):
1611 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
1612 self.width, self.nucleation_x,
1613 self.nucleation_y, self.velocity,
1614 self.anchor)
1616 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1618 if self.nucleation_x is not None:
1619 nucx = self.nucleation_x * 0.5 * self.length
1620 else:
1621 nucx = None
1623 if self.nucleation_y is not None:
1624 nucy = self.nucleation_y * 0.5 * self.width
1625 else:
1626 nucy = None
1628 stf = self.effective_stf_pre()
1630 points, times, amplitudes, dl, dw, nl, nw = discretize_rect_source(
1631 store.config.deltas, store.config.deltat,
1632 self.time, self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth,
1633 self.strike, self.dip, self.length, self.width, self.anchor,
1634 self.velocity, stf=stf, nucleation_x=nucx, nucleation_y=nucy)
1636 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
1637 amplitudes *= self.get_moment(store, target)
1639 return meta.DiscretizedExplosionSource(
1640 lat=self.lat,
1641 lon=self.lon,
1642 times=times,
1643 north_shifts=points[:, 0],
1644 east_shifts=points[:, 1],
1645 depths=points[:, 2],
1646 m0s=amplitudes)
1648 def outline(self, cs='xyz'):
1649 points = outline_rect_source(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
1650 self.width, self.anchor)
1652 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
1653 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
1654 points[:, 2] += self.depth
1655 if cs == 'xyz':
1656 return points
1657 elif cs == 'xy':
1658 return points[:, :2]
1659 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat'):
1660 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
1661 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
1663 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
1664 if cs == 'latlon':
1665 return latlon
1666 else:
1667 return latlon[:, ::-1]
1669 def get_nucleation_abs_coord(self, cs='xy'):
1671 if self.nucleation_x is None:
1672 return None, None
1674 coords = from_plane_coords(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
1675 self.width, self.depth, self.nucleation_x,
1676 self.nucleation_y, lat=self.lat,
1677 lon=self.lon, north_shift=self.north_shift,
1678 east_shift=self.east_shift, cs=cs)
1679 return coords
1682class DCSource(SourceWithMagnitude):
1683 '''
1684 A double-couple point source.
1685 '''
1687 strike = Float.T(
1688 default=0.0,
1689 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
1691 dip = Float.T(
1692 default=90.0,
1693 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
1695 rake = Float.T(
1696 default=0.0,
1697 help='rake angle in [deg], '
1698 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
1699 'in on-plane view')
1701 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
1703 def base_key(self):
1704 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.strike, self.dip, self.rake)
1706 def get_factor(self):
1707 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.magnitude))
1709 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1710 mot = pmt.MomentTensor(
1711 strike=self.strike, dip=self.dip, rake=self.rake)
1713 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1714 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1715 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
1716 m6s=mot.m6()[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[:, num.newaxis],
1717 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1719 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1720 return pmt.MomentTensor(
1721 strike=self.strike,
1722 dip=self.dip,
1723 rake=self.rake,
1724 scalar_moment=self.moment)
1726 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1727 return SourceWithMagnitude.pyrocko_event(
1728 self, store, target,
1729 moment_tensor=self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target),
1730 **kwargs)
1732 @classmethod
1733 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
1734 d = {}
1735 mt = ev.moment_tensor
1736 if mt:
1737 (strike, dip, rake), _ = mt.both_strike_dip_rake()
1738 d.update(
1739 strike=float(strike),
1740 dip=float(dip),
1741 rake=float(rake),
1742 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()))
1744 d.update(kwargs)
1745 return super(DCSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
1748class CLVDSource(SourceWithMagnitude):
1749 '''
1750 A pure CLVD point source.
1751 '''
1753 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
1755 azimuth = Float.T(
1756 default=0.0,
1757 help='azimuth direction of largest dipole, clockwise from north [deg]')
1759 dip = Float.T(
1760 default=90.,
1761 help='dip direction of largest dipole, downward from horizontal [deg]')
1763 def base_key(self):
1764 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.azimuth, self.dip)
1766 def get_factor(self):
1767 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.magnitude))
1769 @property
1770 def m6(self):
1771 a = math.sqrt(4. / 3.) * self.get_factor()
1772 m = pmt.symmat6(-0.5 * a, -0.5 * a, a, 0., 0., 0.)
1773 rotmat1 = pmt.euler_to_matrix(
1774 d2r * (self.dip - 90.),
1775 d2r * (self.azimuth - 90.),
1776 0.)
1777 m = rotmat1.T * m * rotmat1
1778 return pmt.to6(m)
1780 @property
1781 def m6_astuple(self):
1782 return tuple(self.m6.tolist())
1784 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1785 factor = self.get_factor()
1786 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1787 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1788 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
1789 m6s=self.m6[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[:, num.newaxis] / factor,
1790 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1792 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1793 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=pmt.symmat6(*self.m6_astuple))
1795 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1796 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target)
1797 return Source.pyrocko_event(
1798 self, store, target,
1799 moment_tensor=self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target),
1800 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()),
1801 **kwargs)
1804class VLVDSource(SourceWithDerivedMagnitude):
1805 '''
1806 Volumetric linear vector dipole source.
1808 This source is a parameterization for a restricted moment tensor point
1809 source, useful to represent dyke or sill like inflation or deflation
1810 sources. The restriction is such that the moment tensor is rotational
1811 symmetric. It can be represented by a superposition of a linear vector
1812 dipole (here we use a CLVD for convenience) and an isotropic component. The
1813 restricted moment tensor has 4 degrees of freedom: 2 independent
1814 eigenvalues and 2 rotation angles orienting the the symmetry axis.
1816 In this parameterization, the isotropic component is controlled by
1817 ``volume_change``. To define the moment tensor, it must be converted to the
1818 scalar moment of the the MT's isotropic component. For the conversion, the
1819 shear modulus at the source's position must be known. This value is
1820 extracted from the earth model defined in the GF store in use.
1822 The CLVD part by controlled by its scalar moment :math:`M_0`:
1823 ``clvd_moment``. The sign of ``clvd_moment`` is used to switch between a
1824 positiv or negativ CLVD (the sign of the largest eigenvalue).
1825 '''
1827 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
1829 azimuth = Float.T(
1830 default=0.0,
1831 help='azimuth direction of symmetry axis, clockwise from north [deg].')
1833 dip = Float.T(
1834 default=90.,
1835 help='dip direction of symmetry axis, downward from horizontal [deg].')
1837 volume_change = Float.T(
1838 default=0.,
1839 help='volume change of the inflation/deflation [m^3].')
1841 clvd_moment = Float.T(
1842 default=0.,
1843 help='scalar moment :math:`M_0` of the CLVD component [Nm]. The sign '
1844 'controls the sign of the CLVD (the sign of its largest '
1845 'eigenvalue).')
1847 def get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(self, store, target):
1848 if store is None or target is None:
1849 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1850 'Need earth model to convert between volume change and '
1851 'magnitude.')
1853 points = num.array(
1854 [[self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth]], dtype=float)
1856 try:
1857 shear_moduli = store.config.get_shear_moduli(
1858 self.lat, self.lon,
1859 points=points,
1860 interpolation=target.interpolation)[0]
1861 except meta.OutOfBounds:
1862 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1863 'Could not get shear modulus at source position.')
1865 return float(3. * shear_moduli)
1867 def base_key(self):
1868 return Source.base_key(self) + \
1869 (self.azimuth, self.dip, self.volume_change, self.clvd_moment)
1871 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
1872 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target)
1873 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(mt.moment))
1875 def get_m6(self, store, target):
1876 a = math.sqrt(4. / 3.) * self.clvd_moment
1877 m_clvd = pmt.symmat6(-0.5 * a, -0.5 * a, a, 0., 0., 0.)
1879 rotmat1 = pmt.euler_to_matrix(
1880 d2r * (self.dip - 90.),
1881 d2r * (self.azimuth - 90.),
1882 0.)
1883 m_clvd = rotmat1.T * m_clvd * rotmat1
1885 m_iso = self.volume_change * \
1886 self.get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(store, target)
1888 m_iso = pmt.symmat6(m_iso, m_iso, m_iso, 0.,
1889 0., 0.,) * math.sqrt(2. / 3)
1891 m = pmt.to6(m_clvd) + pmt.to6(m_iso)
1892 return m
1894 def get_moment(self, store=None, target=None):
1895 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(
1896 self.get_magnitude(store, target)))
1898 def get_m6_astuple(self, store, target):
1899 m6 = self.get_m6(store, target)
1900 return tuple(m6.tolist())
1902 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1903 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1904 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1906 m6 = self.get_m6(store, target)
1907 m6 *= amplitudes / self.get_factor()
1909 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
1910 m6s=m6[num.newaxis, :],
1911 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1913 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1914 m6_astuple = self.get_m6_astuple(store, target)
1915 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=pmt.symmat6(*m6_astuple))
1918class MTSource(Source):
1919 '''
1920 A moment tensor point source.
1921 '''
1923 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
1925 mnn = Float.T(
1926 default=1.,
1927 help='north-north component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1929 mee = Float.T(
1930 default=1.,
1931 help='east-east component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1933 mdd = Float.T(
1934 default=1.,
1935 help='down-down component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1937 mne = Float.T(
1938 default=0.,
1939 help='north-east component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1941 mnd = Float.T(
1942 default=0.,
1943 help='north-down component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1945 med = Float.T(
1946 default=0.,
1947 help='east-down component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1949 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
1950 if 'm6' in kwargs:
1951 for (k, v) in zip('mnn mee mdd mne mnd med'.split(),
1952 kwargs.pop('m6')):
1953 kwargs[k] = float(v)
1955 Source.__init__(self, **kwargs)
1957 @property
1958 def m6(self):
1959 return num.array(self.m6_astuple)
1961 @property
1962 def m6_astuple(self):
1963 return (self.mnn, self.mee, self.mdd, self.mne, self.mnd, self.med)
1965 @m6.setter
1966 def m6(self, value):
1967 self.mnn, self.mee, self.mdd, self.mne, self.mnd, self.med = value
1969 def base_key(self):
1970 return Source.base_key(self) + self.m6_astuple
1972 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1973 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1974 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1975 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
1976 m6s=self.m6[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[:, num.newaxis],
1977 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1979 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
1980 m6 = self.m6
1981 return pmt.moment_to_magnitude(
1982 math.sqrt(num.sum(m6[0:3]**2) + 2.0 * num.sum(m6[3:6]**2)) /
1983 math.sqrt(2.))
1985 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1986 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=pmt.symmat6(*self.m6_astuple))
1988 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1989 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target)
1990 return Source.pyrocko_event(
1991 self, store, target,
1992 moment_tensor=self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target),
1993 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()),
1994 **kwargs)
1996 @classmethod
1997 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
1998 d = {}
1999 mt = ev.moment_tensor
2000 if mt:
2001 d.update(m6=tuple(map(float, mt.m6())))
2002 else:
2003 if ev.magnitude is not None:
2004 mom = pmt.magnitude_to_moment(ev.magnitude)
2005 v = math.sqrt(2. / 3.) * mom
2006 d.update(m6=(v, v, v, 0., 0., 0.))
2008 d.update(kwargs)
2009 return super(MTSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
2012map_anchor = {
2013 'center': (0.0, 0.0),
2014 'center_left': (-1.0, 0.0),
2015 'center_right': (1.0, 0.0),
2016 'top': (0.0, -1.0),
2017 'top_left': (-1.0, -1.0),
2018 'top_right': (1.0, -1.0),
2019 'bottom': (0.0, 1.0),
2020 'bottom_left': (-1.0, 1.0),
2021 'bottom_right': (1.0, 1.0)}
2024class RectangularSource(SourceWithDerivedMagnitude):
2025 '''
2026 Classical Haskell source model modified for bilateral rupture.
2027 '''
2029 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
2031 magnitude = Float.T(
2032 optional=True,
2033 help='moment magnitude Mw as in [Hanks and Kanamori, 1979]')
2035 strike = Float.T(
2036 default=0.0,
2037 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
2039 dip = Float.T(
2040 default=90.0,
2041 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
2043 rake = Float.T(
2044 default=0.0,
2045 help='rake angle in [deg], '
2046 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
2047 'in on-plane view')
2049 length = Float.T(
2050 default=0.,
2051 help='length of rectangular source area [m]')
2053 width = Float.T(
2054 default=0.,
2055 help='width of rectangular source area [m]')
2057 anchor = StringChoice.T(
2058 choices=['top', 'top_left', 'top_right', 'center', 'bottom',
2059 'bottom_left', 'bottom_right'],
2060 default='center',
2061 optional=True,
2062 help='Anchor point for positioning the plane, can be: ``top, center '
2063 'bottom, top_left, top_right,bottom_left,'
2064 'bottom_right, center_left, center right``.')
2066 nucleation_x = Float.T(
2067 optional=True,
2068 help='horizontal position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
2069 'plane coordinates (``-1.`` = left edge, ``+1.`` = right edge)')
2071 nucleation_y = Float.T(
2072 optional=True,
2073 help='down-dip position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
2074 'plane coordinates (``-1.`` = upper edge, ``+1.`` = lower edge)')
2076 velocity = Float.T(
2077 default=3500.,
2078 help='speed of rupture front [m/s]')
2080 slip = Float.T(
2081 optional=True,
2082 help='Slip on the rectangular source area [m]')
2084 opening_fraction = Float.T(
2085 default=0.,
2086 help='Determines fraction of slip related to opening. '
2087 '(``-1``: pure tensile closing, '
2088 '``0``: pure shear, '
2089 '``1``: pure tensile opening)')
2091 decimation_factor = Int.T(
2092 optional=True,
2093 default=1,
2094 help='Sub-source decimation factor, a larger decimation will'
2095 ' make the result inaccurate but shorten the necessary'
2096 ' computation time (use for testing puposes only).')
2098 aggressive_oversampling = Bool.T(
2099 default=False,
2100 help='Aggressive oversampling for basesource discretization. '
2101 'When using \'multilinear\' interpolation oversampling has'
2102 ' practically no effect.')
2104 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
2105 if 'moment' in kwargs:
2106 mom = kwargs.pop('moment')
2107 if 'magnitude' not in kwargs:
2108 kwargs['magnitude'] = float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(mom))
2110 SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.__init__(self, **kwargs)
2112 def base_key(self):
2113 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.base_key(self) + (
2114 self.magnitude,
2115 self.slip,
2116 self.strike,
2117 self.dip,
2118 self.rake,
2119 self.length,
2120 self.width,
2121 self.nucleation_x,
2122 self.nucleation_y,
2123 self.velocity,
2124 self.decimation_factor,
2125 self.anchor)
2127 def check_conflicts(self):
2128 if self.magnitude is not None and self.slip is not None:
2129 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
2130 'Magnitude and slip are both defined.')
2132 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
2133 self.check_conflicts()
2134 if self.magnitude is not None:
2135 return self.magnitude
2137 elif self.slip is not None:
2138 if None in (store, target):
2139 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
2140 'Magnitude for a rectangular source with slip defined '
2141 'can only be derived when earth model and target '
2142 'interpolation method are available.')
2144 amplitudes = self._discretize(store, target)[2]
2145 if amplitudes.ndim == 2:
2146 # CLVD component has no net moment, leave out
2147 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(
2148 num.sum(num.abs(amplitudes[0:2, :]).sum())))
2149 else:
2150 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(num.sum(amplitudes)))
2152 else:
2153 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(1.0))
2155 def get_factor(self):
2156 return 1.0
2158 def get_slip_tensile(self):
2159 return self.slip * self.opening_fraction
2161 def get_slip_shear(self):
2162 return self.slip - abs(self.get_slip_tensile)
2164 def _discretize(self, store, target):
2165 if self.nucleation_x is not None:
2166 nucx = self.nucleation_x * 0.5 * self.length
2167 else:
2168 nucx = None
2170 if self.nucleation_y is not None:
2171 nucy = self.nucleation_y * 0.5 * self.width
2172 else:
2173 nucy = None
2175 stf = self.effective_stf_pre()
2177 points, times, amplitudes, dl, dw, nl, nw = discretize_rect_source(
2178 store.config.deltas, store.config.deltat,
2179 self.time, self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth,
2180 self.strike, self.dip, self.length, self.width, self.anchor,
2181 self.velocity, stf=stf, nucleation_x=nucx, nucleation_y=nucy,
2182 decimation_factor=self.decimation_factor,
2183 aggressive_oversampling=self.aggressive_oversampling)
2185 if self.slip is not None:
2186 if target is not None:
2187 interpolation = target.interpolation
2188 else:
2189 interpolation = 'nearest_neighbor'
2190 logger.warn(
2191 'no target information available, will use '
2192 '"nearest_neighbor" interpolation when extracting shear '
2193 'modulus from earth model')
2195 shear_moduli = store.config.get_shear_moduli(
2196 self.lat, self.lon,
2197 points=points,
2198 interpolation=interpolation)
2200 tensile_slip = self.get_slip_tensile()
2201 shear_slip = self.slip - abs(tensile_slip)
2203 amplitudes_total = [shear_moduli * shear_slip]
2204 if tensile_slip != 0:
2205 bulk_moduli = store.config.get_bulk_moduli(
2206 self.lat, self.lon,
2207 points=points,
2208 interpolation=interpolation)
2210 tensile_iso = bulk_moduli * tensile_slip
2211 tensile_clvd = (2. / 3.) * shear_moduli * tensile_slip
2213 amplitudes_total.extend([tensile_iso, tensile_clvd])
2215 amplitudes_total = num.vstack(amplitudes_total).squeeze() * \
2216 amplitudes * dl * dw
2218 else:
2219 # normalization to retain total moment
2220 amplitudes_norm = amplitudes / num.sum(amplitudes)
2221 moment = self.get_moment(store, target)
2223 amplitudes_total = [
2224 amplitudes_norm * moment * (1 - abs(self.opening_fraction))]
2225 if self.opening_fraction != 0.:
2226 amplitudes_total.append(
2227 amplitudes_norm * self.opening_fraction * moment)
2229 amplitudes_total = num.vstack(amplitudes_total).squeeze()
2231 return points, times, num.atleast_1d(amplitudes_total), dl, dw, nl, nw
2233 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
2235 points, times, amplitudes, dl, dw, nl, nw = self._discretize(
2236 store, target)
2238 mot = pmt.MomentTensor(
2239 strike=self.strike, dip=self.dip, rake=self.rake)
2240 m6s = num.repeat(mot.m6()[num.newaxis, :], times.size, axis=0)
2242 if amplitudes.ndim == 1:
2243 m6s[:, :] *= amplitudes[:, num.newaxis]
2244 elif amplitudes.ndim == 2:
2245 # shear MT components
2246 rotmat1 = pmt.euler_to_matrix(
2247 d2r * self.dip, d2r * self.strike, d2r * -self.rake)
2248 m6s[:, :] *= amplitudes[0, :][:, num.newaxis]
2250 if amplitudes.shape[0] == 2:
2251 # tensile MT components - moment/magnitude input
2252 tensile = pmt.symmat6(1., 1., 3., 0., 0., 0.)
2253 rot_tensile = pmt.to6(rotmat1.T * tensile * rotmat1)
2255 m6s_tensile = rot_tensile[
2256 num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[1, :][:, num.newaxis]
2257 m6s += m6s_tensile
2259 elif amplitudes.shape[0] == 3:
2260 # tensile MT components - slip input
2261 iso = pmt.symmat6(1., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0.)
2262 clvd = pmt.symmat6(-1., -1., 2., 0., 0., 0.)
2264 rot_iso = pmt.to6(rotmat1.T * iso * rotmat1)
2265 rot_clvd = pmt.to6(rotmat1.T * clvd * rotmat1)
2267 m6s_iso = rot_iso[
2268 num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[1, :][:, num.newaxis]
2269 m6s_clvd = rot_clvd[
2270 num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[2, :][:, num.newaxis]
2271 m6s += m6s_iso + m6s_clvd
2272 else:
2273 raise ValueError('Unknwown amplitudes shape!')
2274 else:
2275 raise ValueError(
2276 'Unexpected dimension of {}'.format(amplitudes.ndim))
2278 ds = meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
2279 lat=self.lat,
2280 lon=self.lon,
2281 times=times,
2282 north_shifts=points[:, 0],
2283 east_shifts=points[:, 1],
2284 depths=points[:, 2],
2285 m6s=m6s,
2286 dl=dl,
2287 dw=dw,
2288 nl=nl,
2289 nw=nw)
2291 return ds
2293 def outline(self, cs='xyz'):
2294 points = outline_rect_source(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
2295 self.width, self.anchor)
2297 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
2298 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
2299 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2300 if cs == 'xyz':
2301 return points
2302 elif cs == 'xy':
2303 return points[:, :2]
2304 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat', 'latlondepth'):
2305 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
2306 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
2308 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
2309 if cs == 'latlon':
2310 return latlon
2311 elif cs == 'lonlat':
2312 return latlon[:, ::-1]
2313 else:
2314 return num.concatenate(
2315 (latlon, points[:, 2].reshape((len(points), 1))),
2316 axis=1)
2318 def points_on_source(self, cs='xyz', **kwargs):
2320 points = points_on_rect_source(
2321 self.strike, self.dip, self.length, self.width,
2322 self.anchor, **kwargs)
2324 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
2325 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
2326 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2327 if cs == 'xyz':
2328 return points
2329 elif cs == 'xy':
2330 return points[:, :2]
2331 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat', 'latlondepth'):
2332 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
2333 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
2335 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
2336 if cs == 'latlon':
2337 return latlon
2338 elif cs == 'lonlat':
2339 return latlon[:, ::-1]
2340 else:
2341 return num.concatenate(
2342 (latlon, points[:, 2].reshape((len(points), 1))),
2343 axis=1)
2345 def get_nucleation_abs_coord(self, cs='xy'):
2347 if self.nucleation_x is None:
2348 return None, None
2350 coords = from_plane_coords(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
2351 self.width, self.depth, self.nucleation_x,
2352 self.nucleation_y, lat=self.lat,
2353 lon=self.lon, north_shift=self.north_shift,
2354 east_shift=self.east_shift, cs=cs)
2355 return coords
2357 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
2358 return pmt.MomentTensor(
2359 strike=self.strike,
2360 dip=self.dip,
2361 rake=self.rake,
2362 scalar_moment=self.get_moment(store, target))
2364 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
2365 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.pyrocko_event(
2366 self, store, target,
2367 **kwargs)
2369 @classmethod
2370 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
2371 d = {}
2372 mt = ev.moment_tensor
2373 if mt:
2374 (strike, dip, rake), _ = mt.both_strike_dip_rake()
2375 d.update(
2376 strike=float(strike),
2377 dip=float(dip),
2378 rake=float(rake),
2379 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()))
2381 d.update(kwargs)
2382 return super(RectangularSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
2385class PseudoDynamicRupture(SourceWithDerivedMagnitude):
2386 '''
2387 Combined Eikonal and Okada quasi-dynamic rupture model.
2389 Details are described in :doc:`/topics/pseudo-dynamic-rupture`.
2390 Note: attribute `stf` is not used so far, but kept for future applications.
2391 '''
2393 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
2395 strike = Float.T(
2396 default=0.0,
2397 help='Strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north.')
2399 dip = Float.T(
2400 default=0.0,
2401 help='Dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal.')
2403 length = Float.T(
2404 default=10. * km,
2405 help='Length of rectangular source area in [m].')
2407 width = Float.T(
2408 default=5. * km,
2409 help='Width of rectangular source area in [m].')
2411 anchor = StringChoice.T(
2412 choices=['top', 'top_left', 'top_right', 'center', 'bottom',
2413 'bottom_left', 'bottom_right'],
2414 default='center',
2415 optional=True,
2416 help='Anchor point for positioning the plane, can be: ``top, center, '
2417 'bottom, top_left, top_right, bottom_left, '
2418 'bottom_right, center_left, center_right``.')
2420 nucleation_x__ = Array.T(
2421 default=num.array([0.]),
2422 dtype=num.float,
2423 serialize_as='list',
2424 help='Horizontal position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
2425 'plane coordinates (``-1.`` = left edge, ``+1.`` = right edge).')
2427 nucleation_y__ = Array.T(
2428 default=num.array([0.]),
2429 dtype=num.float,
2430 serialize_as='list',
2431 help='Down-dip position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
2432 'plane coordinates (``-1.`` = upper edge, ``+1.`` = lower edge).')
2434 nucleation_time__ = Array.T(
2435 optional=True,
2436 help='Time in [s] after origin, when nucleation points defined by '
2437 '``nucleation_x`` and ``nucleation_y`` rupture.',
2438 dtype=num.float,
2439 serialize_as='list')
2441 gamma = Float.T(
2442 default=0.8,
2443 help='Scaling factor between rupture velocity and S-wave velocity: '
2444 r':math:`v_r = \gamma * v_s`.')
2446 nx = Int.T(
2447 default=2,
2448 help='Number of discrete source patches in x direction (along '
2449 'strike).')
2451 ny = Int.T(
2452 default=2,
2453 help='Number of discrete source patches in y direction (down dip).')
2455 slip = Float.T(
2456 optional=True,
2457 help='Maximum slip of the rectangular source [m]. '
2458 'Setting the slip the tractions/stress field '
2459 'will be normalized to accomodate the desired maximum slip.')
2461 rake = Float.T(
2462 optional=True,
2463 help='Rake angle in [deg], '
2464 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
2465 'in on-plane view. Rake is translated into homogenous tractions '
2466 'in strike and up-dip direction. ``rake`` is mutually exclusive '
2467 'with tractions parameter.')
2469 patches = List.T(
2470 OkadaSource.T(),
2471 optional=True,
2472 help='List of all boundary elements/sub faults/fault patches.')
2474 patch_mask__ = Array.T(
2475 dtype=num.bool,
2476 serialize_as='list',
2477 shape=(None,),
2478 optional=True,
2479 help='Mask for all boundary elements/sub faults/fault patches. True '
2480 'leaves the patch in the calculation, False excludes the patch.')
2482 tractions = TractionField.T(
2483 optional=True,
2484 help='Traction field the rupture plane is exposed to. See the'
2485 ':py:mod:`pyrocko.gf.tractions` module for more details. '
2486 'If ``tractions=None`` and ``rake`` is given'
2487 ' :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.tractions.DirectedTractions` will'
2488 ' be used.')
2490 coef_mat = Array.T(
2491 optional=True,
2492 help='Coefficient matrix linking traction and dislocation field.',
2493 dtype=num.float,
2494 shape=(None, None))
2496 eikonal_decimation = Int.T(
2497 optional=True,
2498 default=1,
2499 help='Sub-source eikonal factor, a smaller eikonal factor will'
2500 ' increase the accuracy of rupture front calculation but'
2501 ' increases also the computation time.')
2503 decimation_factor = Int.T(
2504 optional=True,
2505 default=1,
2506 help='Sub-source decimation factor, a larger decimation will'
2507 ' make the result inaccurate but shorten the necessary'
2508 ' computation time (use for testing puposes only).')
2510 nthreads = Int.T(
2511 optional=True,
2512 default=1,
2513 help='Number of threads for Okada forward modelling, '
2514 'matrix inversion and calculation of point subsources. '
2515 'Note: for small/medium matrices 1 thread is most efficient.')
2517 pure_shear = Bool.T(
2518 optional=True,
2519 default=False,
2520 help='Calculate only shear tractions and omit tensile tractions.')
2522 smooth_rupture = Bool.T(
2523 default=True,
2524 help='Smooth the tractions by weighting partially ruptured'
2525 ' fault patches.')
2527 aggressive_oversampling = Bool.T(
2528 default=False,
2529 help='Aggressive oversampling for basesource discretization. '
2530 'When using \'multilinear\' interpolation oversampling has'
2531 ' practically no effect.')
2533 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
2534 SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.__init__(self, **kwargs)
2535 self._interpolators = {}
2536 self.check_conflicts()
2538 @property
2539 def nucleation_x(self):
2540 return self.nucleation_x__
2542 @nucleation_x.setter
2543 def nucleation_x(self, nucleation_x):
2544 if isinstance(nucleation_x, list):
2545 nucleation_x = num.array(nucleation_x)
2547 elif not isinstance(
2548 nucleation_x, num.ndarray) and nucleation_x is not None:
2550 nucleation_x = num.array([nucleation_x])
2551 self.nucleation_x__ = nucleation_x
2553 @property
2554 def nucleation_y(self):
2555 return self.nucleation_y__
2557 @nucleation_y.setter
2558 def nucleation_y(self, nucleation_y):
2559 if isinstance(nucleation_y, list):
2560 nucleation_y = num.array(nucleation_y)
2562 elif not isinstance(nucleation_y, num.ndarray) \
2563 and nucleation_y is not None:
2564 nucleation_y = num.array([nucleation_y])
2566 self.nucleation_y__ = nucleation_y
2568 @property
2569 def nucleation(self):
2570 nucl_x, nucl_y = self.nucleation_x, self.nucleation_y
2572 if (nucl_x is None) or (nucl_y is None):
2573 return None
2575 assert nucl_x.shape[0] == nucl_y.shape[0]
2577 return num.concatenate(
2578 (nucl_x[:, num.newaxis], nucl_y[:, num.newaxis]), axis=1)
2580 @nucleation.setter
2581 def nucleation(self, nucleation):
2582 if isinstance(nucleation, list):
2583 nucleation = num.array(nucleation)
2585 assert nucleation.shape[1] == 2
2587 self.nucleation_x = nucleation[:, 0]
2588 self.nucleation_y = nucleation[:, 1]
2590 @property
2591 def nucleation_time(self):
2592 return self.nucleation_time__
2594 @nucleation_time.setter
2595 def nucleation_time(self, nucleation_time):
2596 if not isinstance(nucleation_time, num.ndarray) \
2597 and nucleation_time is not None:
2598 nucleation_time = num.array([nucleation_time])
2600 self.nucleation_time__ = nucleation_time
2602 @property
2603 def patch_mask(self):
2604 if (self.patch_mask__ is not None and
2605 self.patch_mask__.shape == (self.nx * self.ny,)):
2607 return self.patch_mask__
2608 else:
2609 return num.ones(self.nx * self.ny, dtype=bool)
2611 @patch_mask.setter
2612 def patch_mask(self, patch_mask):
2613 if isinstance(patch_mask, list):
2614 patch_mask = num.array(patch_mask)
2616 self.patch_mask__ = patch_mask
2618 def get_tractions(self):
2619 '''
2620 Get source traction vectors.
2622 If :py:attr:`rake` is given, unit length directed traction vectors
2623 (:py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.tractions.DirectedTractions`) are returned,
2624 else the given :py:attr:`tractions` are used.
2626 :returns:
2627 Traction vectors per patch.
2628 :rtype:
2629 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_patches, 3)``.
2630 '''
2632 if self.rake is not None:
2633 if num.isnan(self.rake):
2634 raise ValueError('Rake must be a real number, not NaN.')
2636 logger.warning(
2637 'Tractions are derived based on the given source rake.')
2638 tractions = DirectedTractions(rake=self.rake)
2639 else:
2640 tractions = self.tractions
2641 return tractions.get_tractions(self.nx, self.ny, self.patches)
2643 def base_key(self):
2644 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.base_key(self) + (
2645 self.slip,
2646 self.strike,
2647 self.dip,
2648 self.rake,
2649 self.length,
2650 self.width,
2651 float(self.nucleation_x.mean()),
2652 float(self.nucleation_y.mean()),
2653 self.decimation_factor,
2654 self.anchor,
2655 self.pure_shear,
2656 self.gamma,
2657 tuple(self.patch_mask))
2659 def check_conflicts(self):
2660 if self.tractions and self.rake:
2661 raise AttributeError(
2662 'Tractions and rake are mutually exclusive.')
2663 if self.tractions is None and self.rake is None:
2664 self.rake = 0.
2666 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
2667 self.check_conflicts()
2668 if self.slip is not None or self.tractions is not None:
2669 if store is None:
2670 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
2671 'Magnitude for a rectangular source with slip or '
2672 'tractions defined can only be derived when earth model '
2673 'is set.')
2675 moment_rate, calc_times = self.discretize_basesource(
2676 store, target=target).get_moment_rate(store.config.deltat)
2678 deltat = num.concatenate((
2679 (num.diff(calc_times)[0],),
2680 num.diff(calc_times)))
2682 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(
2683 num.sum(moment_rate * deltat)))
2685 else:
2686 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(1.0))
2688 def get_factor(self):
2689 return 1.0
2691 def outline(self, cs='xyz'):
2692 '''
2693 Get source outline corner coordinates.
2695 :param cs:
2696 :ref:`Output coordinate system <coordinate-system-names>`.
2697 :type cs:
2698 optional, str
2700 :returns:
2701 Corner points in desired coordinate system.
2702 :rtype:
2703 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(5, [2, 3])``.
2704 '''
2705 points = outline_rect_source(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
2706 self.width, self.anchor)
2708 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
2709 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
2710 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2711 if cs == 'xyz':
2712 return points
2713 elif cs == 'xy':
2714 return points[:, :2]
2715 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat', 'latlondepth'):
2716 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
2717 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
2719 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
2720 if cs == 'latlon':
2721 return latlon
2722 elif cs == 'lonlat':
2723 return latlon[:, ::-1]
2724 else:
2725 return num.concatenate(
2726 (latlon, points[:, 2].reshape((len(points), 1))),
2727 axis=1)
2729 def points_on_source(self, cs='xyz', **kwargs):
2730 '''
2731 Convert relative plane coordinates to geographical coordinates.
2733 Given x and y coordinates (relative source coordinates between -1.
2734 and 1.) are converted to desired geographical coordinates. Coordinates
2735 need to be given as :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray` arguments ``points_x``
2736 and ``points_y``.
2738 :param cs:
2739 :ref:`Output coordinate system <coordinate-system-names>`.
2740 :type cs:
2741 optional, str
2743 :returns:
2744 Point coordinates in desired coordinate system.
2745 :rtype:
2746 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, [2, 3])``.
2747 '''
2748 points = points_on_rect_source(
2749 self.strike, self.dip, self.length, self.width,
2750 self.anchor, **kwargs)
2752 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
2753 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
2754 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2755 if cs == 'xyz':
2756 return points
2757 elif cs == 'xy':
2758 return points[:, :2]
2759 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat', 'latlondepth'):
2760 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
2761 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
2763 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
2764 if cs == 'latlon':
2765 return latlon
2766 elif cs == 'lonlat':
2767 return latlon[:, ::-1]
2768 else:
2769 return num.concatenate(
2770 (latlon, points[:, 2].reshape((len(points), 1))),
2771 axis=1)
2773 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
2774 if store is not None:
2775 if not self.patches:
2776 self.discretize_patches(store)
2778 slip = self.get_slip()
2779 rakes = num.arctan2(slip[:, 1], slip[:, 0]) * r2d
2780 rake = rakes.mean()
2782 else:
2783 tractions = self.get_tractions()
2784 tractions = tractions.mean(axis=0)
2785 rake = num.arctan2(tractions[1], tractions[0]) * r2d
2787 return pmt.MomentTensor(
2788 strike=self.strike,
2789 dip=self.dip,
2790 rake=rake,
2791 scalar_moment=self.get_moment(store, target))
2793 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
2794 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.pyrocko_event(
2795 self, store, target,
2796 **kwargs)
2798 @classmethod
2799 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
2800 d = {}
2801 mt = ev.moment_tensor
2802 if mt:
2803 (strike, dip, rake), _ = mt.both_strike_dip_rake()
2804 d.update(
2805 strike=float(strike),
2806 dip=float(dip),
2807 rake=float(rake))
2809 d.update(kwargs)
2810 return super(PseudoDynamicRupture, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
2812 def _discretize_points(self, store, *args, **kwargs):
2813 '''
2814 Discretize source plane with equal vertical and horizontal spacing.
2816 Additional ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are passed to
2817 :py:meth:`points_on_source`.
2819 :param store:
2820 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
2821 source).
2822 :type store:
2823 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
2825 :returns:
2826 Number of points in strike and dip direction, distance
2827 between adjacent points, coordinates (latlondepth) and coordinates
2828 (xy on fault) for discrete points.
2829 :rtype:
2830 (int, int, float, :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`,
2831 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`).
2832 '''
2833 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[self.anchor]
2835 npoints = int(self.width // km) + 1
2836 points = num.zeros((npoints, 3))
2837 points[:, 1] = num.linspace(-1., 1., npoints)
2838 points[:, 1] = (points[:, 1] - anch_y) * self.width/2
2840 rotmat = num.asarray(
2841 pmt.euler_to_matrix(self.dip*d2r, self.strike*d2r, 0.0))
2842 points = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
2843 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2845 vs_min = store.config.get_vs(
2846 self.lat, self.lon, points,
2847 interpolation='nearest_neighbor')
2848 vr_min = max(vs_min.min(), .5*km) * self.gamma
2850 oversampling = 10.
2851 delta_l = self.length / (self.nx * oversampling)
2852 delta_w = self.width / (self.ny * oversampling)
2854 delta = self.eikonal_decimation * num.min([
2855 store.config.deltat * vr_min / oversampling,
2856 delta_l, delta_w] + [
2857 deltas for deltas in store.config.deltas])
2859 delta = delta_w / num.ceil(delta_w / delta)
2861 nx = int(num.ceil(self.length / delta)) + 1
2862 ny = int(num.ceil(self.width / delta)) + 1
2864 rem_l = (nx-1)*delta - self.length
2865 lim_x = rem_l / self.length
2867 points_xy = num.zeros((nx * ny, 2))
2868 points_xy[:, 0] = num.repeat(
2869 num.linspace(-1.-lim_x, 1.+lim_x, nx), ny)
2870 points_xy[:, 1] = num.tile(
2871 num.linspace(-1., 1., ny), nx)
2873 points = self.points_on_source(
2874 points_x=points_xy[:, 0],
2875 points_y=points_xy[:, 1],
2876 **kwargs)
2878 return nx, ny, delta, points, points_xy
2880 def _discretize_rupture_v(self, store, interpolation='nearest_neighbor',
2881 points=None):
2882 '''
2883 Get rupture velocity for discrete points on source plane.
2885 :param store:
2886 Green's function database (needs to cover the whole region of the
2887 source)
2888 :type store:
2889 optional, :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
2891 :param interpolation:
2892 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
2893 and ``'multilinear'``).
2894 :type interpolation:
2895 optional, str
2897 :param points:
2898 Coordinates on fault (-1.:1.) of discrete points.
2899 :type points:
2900 optional, :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, 2)``
2902 :returns:
2903 Rupture velocity assumed as :math:`v_s * \\gamma` for discrete
2904 points.
2905 :rtype:
2906 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, )``.
2907 '''
2909 if points is None:
2910 _, _, _, points, _ = self._discretize_points(store, cs='xyz')
2912 return store.config.get_vs(
2913 self.lat, self.lon,
2914 points=points,
2915 interpolation=interpolation) * self.gamma
2917 def discretize_time(
2918 self, store, interpolation='nearest_neighbor',
2919 vr=None, times=None, *args, **kwargs):
2920 '''
2921 Get rupture start time for discrete points on source plane.
2923 :param store:
2924 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
2925 source)
2926 :type store:
2927 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
2929 :param interpolation:
2930 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
2931 and ``'multilinear'``).
2932 :type interpolation:
2933 optional, str
2935 :param vr:
2936 Array, containing rupture user defined rupture velocity values.
2937 :type vr:
2938 optional, :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`
2940 :param times:
2941 Array, containing zeros, where rupture is starting, real positive
2942 numbers at later secondary nucleation points and -1, where time
2943 will be calculated. If not given, rupture starts at nucleation_x,
2944 nucleation_y. Times are given for discrete points with equal
2945 horizontal and vertical spacing.
2946 :type times:
2947 optional, :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`
2949 :returns:
2950 Coordinates (latlondepth), coordinates (xy), rupture velocity,
2951 rupture propagation time of discrete points.
2952 :rtype:
2953 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, 3)``,
2954 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, 2)``,
2955 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points_dip, n_points_strike)``,
2956 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points_dip, n_points_strike)``.
2957 '''
2958 nx, ny, delta, points, points_xy = self._discretize_points(
2959 store, cs='xyz')
2961 if vr is None or vr.shape != tuple((nx, ny)):
2962 if vr:
2963 logger.warning(
2964 'Given rupture velocities are not in right shape: '
2965 '(%i, %i), but needed is (%i, %i).', *vr.shape + (nx, ny))
2966 vr = self._discretize_rupture_v(store, interpolation, points)\
2967 .reshape(nx, ny)
2969 if vr.shape != tuple((nx, ny)):
2970 logger.warning(
2971 'Given rupture velocities are not in right shape. Therefore'
2972 ' standard rupture velocity array is used.')
2974 def initialize_times():
2975 nucl_x, nucl_y = self.nucleation_x, self.nucleation_y
2977 if nucl_x.shape != nucl_y.shape:
2978 raise ValueError(
2979 'Nucleation coordinates have different shape.')
2981 dist_points = num.array([
2982 num.linalg.norm(points_xy - num.array([x, y]).ravel(), axis=1)
2983 for x, y in zip(nucl_x, nucl_y)])
2984 nucl_indices = num.argmin(dist_points, axis=1)
2986 if self.nucleation_time is None:
2987 nucl_times = num.zeros_like(nucl_indices)
2988 else:
2989 if self.nucleation_time.shape == nucl_x.shape:
2990 nucl_times = self.nucleation_time
2991 else:
2992 raise ValueError(
2993 'Nucleation coordinates and times have different '
2994 'shapes')
2996 t = num.full(nx * ny, -1.)
2997 t[nucl_indices] = nucl_times
2998 return t.reshape(nx, ny)
3000 if times is None:
3001 times = initialize_times()
3002 elif times.shape != tuple((nx, ny)):
3003 times = initialize_times()
3004 logger.warning(
3005 'Given times are not in right shape. Therefore standard time'
3006 ' array is used.')
3008 eikonal_ext.eikonal_solver_fmm_cartesian(
3009 speeds=vr, times=times, delta=delta)
3011 return points, points_xy, vr, times
3013 def get_vr_time_interpolators(
3014 self, store, interpolation='nearest_neighbor', force=False,
3015 **kwargs):
3016 '''
3017 Get interpolators for rupture velocity and rupture time.
3019 Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to :py:meth:`discretize_time`.
3021 :param store:
3022 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
3023 source).
3024 :type store:
3025 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3027 :param interpolation:
3028 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
3029 and ``'multilinear'``).
3030 :type interpolation:
3031 optional, str
3033 :param force:
3034 Force recalculation of the interpolators (e.g. after change of
3035 nucleation point locations/times). Default is ``False``.
3036 :type force:
3037 optional, bool
3038 '''
3039 interp_map = {'multilinear': 'linear', 'nearest_neighbor': 'nearest'}
3040 if interpolation not in interp_map:
3041 raise TypeError(
3042 'Interpolation method %s not available' % interpolation)
3044 if not self._interpolators.get(interpolation, False) or force:
3045 _, points_xy, vr, times = self.discretize_time(
3046 store, **kwargs)
3048 if self.length <= 0.:
3049 raise ValueError(
3050 'length must be larger then 0. not %g' % self.length)
3052 if self.width <= 0.:
3053 raise ValueError(
3054 'width must be larger then 0. not %g' % self.width)
3056 nx, ny = times.shape
3057 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[self.anchor]
3059 points_xy[:, 0] = (points_xy[:, 0] - anch_x) * self.length / 2.
3060 points_xy[:, 1] = (points_xy[:, 1] - anch_y) * self.width / 2.
3062 self._interpolators[interpolation] = (
3063 nx, ny, times, vr,
3064 RegularGridInterpolator(
3065 (points_xy[::ny, 0], points_xy[:ny, 1]), times,
3066 method=interp_map[interpolation]),
3067 RegularGridInterpolator(
3068 (points_xy[::ny, 0], points_xy[:ny, 1]), vr,
3069 method=interp_map[interpolation]))
3070 return self._interpolators[interpolation]
3072 def discretize_patches(
3073 self, store, interpolation='nearest_neighbor', force=False,
3074 grid_shape=(),
3075 **kwargs):
3076 '''
3077 Get rupture start time and OkadaSource elements for points on rupture.
3079 All source elements and their corresponding center points are
3080 calculated and stored in the :py:attr:`patches` attribute.
3082 Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to :py:meth:`discretize_time`.
3084 :param store:
3085 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
3086 source).
3087 :type store:
3088 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3090 :param interpolation:
3091 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
3092 and ``'multilinear'``).
3093 :type interpolation:
3094 optional, str
3096 :param force:
3097 Force recalculation of the vr and time interpolators ( e.g. after
3098 change of nucleation point locations/times). Default is ``False``.
3099 :type force:
3100 optional, bool
3102 :param grid_shape:
3103 Desired sub fault patch grid size (nlength, nwidth). Either factor
3104 or grid_shape should be set.
3105 :type grid_shape:
3106 optional, tuple of int
3107 '''
3108 nx, ny, times, vr, time_interpolator, vr_interpolator = \
3109 self.get_vr_time_interpolators(
3110 store,
3111 interpolation=interpolation, force=force, **kwargs)
3112 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[self.anchor]
3114 al = self.length / 2.
3115 aw = self.width / 2.
3116 al1 = -(al + anch_x * al)
3117 al2 = al - anch_x * al
3118 aw1 = -aw + anch_y * aw
3119 aw2 = aw + anch_y * aw
3120 assert num.abs([al1, al2]).sum() == self.length
3121 assert num.abs([aw1, aw2]).sum() == self.width
3123 def get_lame(*a, **kw):
3124 shear_mod = store.config.get_shear_moduli(*a, **kw)
3125 lamb = store.config.get_vp(*a, **kw)**2 \
3126 * store.config.get_rho(*a, **kw) - 2. * shear_mod
3127 return shear_mod, lamb / (2. * (lamb + shear_mod))
3129 shear_mod, poisson = get_lame(
3130 self.lat, self.lon,
3131 num.array([[self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth]]),
3132 interpolation=interpolation)
3134 okada_src = OkadaSource(
3135 lat=self.lat, lon=self.lon,
3136 strike=self.strike, dip=self.dip,
3137 north_shift=self.north_shift, east_shift=self.east_shift,
3138 depth=self.depth,
3139 al1=al1, al2=al2, aw1=aw1, aw2=aw2,
3140 poisson=poisson.mean(),
3141 shearmod=shear_mod.mean(),
3142 opening=kwargs.get('opening', 0.))
3144 if not (self.nx and self.ny):
3145 if grid_shape:
3146 self.nx, self.ny = grid_shape
3147 else:
3148 self.nx = nx
3149 self.ny = ny
3151 source_disc, source_points = okada_src.discretize(self.nx, self.ny)
3153 shear_mod, poisson = get_lame(
3154 self.lat, self.lon,
3155 num.array([src.source_patch()[:3] for src in source_disc]),
3156 interpolation=interpolation)
3158 if (self.nx, self.ny) != (nx, ny):
3159 times_interp = time_interpolator(source_points[:, :2])
3160 vr_interp = vr_interpolator(source_points[:, :2])
3161 else:
3162 times_interp = times.T.ravel()
3163 vr_interp = vr.T.ravel()
3165 for isrc, src in enumerate(source_disc):
3166 src.vr = vr_interp[isrc]
3167 src.time = times_interp[isrc] + self.time
3169 self.patches = source_disc
3171 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
3172 '''
3173 Prepare source for synthetic waveform calculation.
3175 :param store:
3176 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
3177 source).
3178 :type store:
3179 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3181 :param target:
3182 Target information.
3183 :type target:
3184 optional, :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.targets.Target`
3186 :returns:
3187 Source discretized by a set of moment tensors and times.
3188 :rtype:
3189 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.meta.DiscretizedMTSource`
3190 '''
3191 if not target:
3192 interpolation = 'nearest_neighbor'
3193 else:
3194 interpolation = target.interpolation
3196 if not self.patches:
3197 self.discretize_patches(store, interpolation)
3199 if self.coef_mat is None:
3200 self.calc_coef_mat()
3202 delta_slip, slip_times = self.get_delta_slip(store)
3203 npatches = self.nx * self.ny
3204 ntimes = slip_times.size
3206 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[self.anchor]
3208 pln = self.length / self.nx
3209 pwd = self.width / self.ny
3211 patch_coords = num.array([
3212 (p.ix, p.iy)
3213 for p in self.patches]).reshape(self.nx, self.ny, 2)
3215 # boundary condition is zero-slip
3216 # is not valid to avoid unwished interpolation effects
3217 slip_grid = num.zeros((self.nx + 2, self.ny + 2, ntimes, 3))
3218 slip_grid[1:-1, 1:-1, :, :] = \
3219 delta_slip.reshape(self.nx, self.ny, ntimes, 3)
3221 slip_grid[0, 0, :, :] = slip_grid[1, 1, :, :]
3222 slip_grid[0, -1, :, :] = slip_grid[1, -2, :, :]
3223 slip_grid[-1, 0, :, :] = slip_grid[-2, 1, :, :]
3224 slip_grid[-1, -1, :, :] = slip_grid[-2, -2, :, :]
3226 slip_grid[1:-1, 0, :, :] = slip_grid[1:-1, 1, :, :]
3227 slip_grid[1:-1, -1, :, :] = slip_grid[1:-1, -2, :, :]
3228 slip_grid[0, 1:-1, :, :] = slip_grid[1, 1:-1, :, :]
3229 slip_grid[-1, 1:-1, :, :] = slip_grid[-2, 1:-1, :, :]
3231 def make_grid(patch_parameter):
3232 grid = num.zeros((self.nx + 2, self.ny + 2))
3233 grid[1:-1, 1:-1] = patch_parameter.reshape(self.nx, self.ny)
3235 grid[0, 0] = grid[1, 1]
3236 grid[0, -1] = grid[1, -2]
3237 grid[-1, 0] = grid[-2, 1]
3238 grid[-1, -1] = grid[-2, -2]
3240 grid[1:-1, 0] = grid[1:-1, 1]
3241 grid[1:-1, -1] = grid[1:-1, -2]
3242 grid[0, 1:-1] = grid[1, 1:-1]
3243 grid[-1, 1:-1] = grid[-2, 1:-1]
3245 return grid
3247 lamb = self.get_patch_attribute('lamb')
3248 mu = self.get_patch_attribute('shearmod')
3250 lamb_grid = make_grid(lamb)
3251 mu_grid = make_grid(mu)
3253 coords_x = num.zeros(self.nx + 2)
3254 coords_x[1:-1] = patch_coords[:, 0, 0]
3255 coords_x[0] = coords_x[1] - pln / 2
3256 coords_x[-1] = coords_x[-2] + pln / 2
3258 coords_y = num.zeros(self.ny + 2)
3259 coords_y[1:-1] = patch_coords[0, :, 1]
3260 coords_y[0] = coords_y[1] - pwd / 2
3261 coords_y[-1] = coords_y[-2] + pwd / 2
3263 slip_interp = RegularGridInterpolator(
3264 (coords_x, coords_y, slip_times),
3265 slip_grid, method='nearest')
3267 lamb_interp = RegularGridInterpolator(
3268 (coords_x, coords_y),
3269 lamb_grid, method='nearest')
3271 mu_interp = RegularGridInterpolator(
3272 (coords_x, coords_y),
3273 mu_grid, method='nearest')
3275 # discretize basesources
3276 mindeltagf = min(tuple(
3277 (self.length / self.nx, self.width / self.ny) +
3278 tuple(store.config.deltas)))
3280 nl = int((1. / self.decimation_factor) *
3281 num.ceil(pln / mindeltagf)) + 1
3282 nw = int((1. / self.decimation_factor) *
3283 num.ceil(pwd / mindeltagf)) + 1
3284 nsrc_patch = int(nl * nw)
3285 dl = pln / nl
3286 dw = pwd / nw
3288 patch_area = dl * dw
3290 xl = num.linspace(-0.5 * (pln - dl), 0.5 * (pln - dl), nl)
3291 xw = num.linspace(-0.5 * (pwd - dw), 0.5 * (pwd - dw), nw)
3293 base_coords = num.zeros((nsrc_patch, 3), dtype=num.float)
3294 base_coords[:, 0] = num.tile(xl, nw)
3295 base_coords[:, 1] = num.repeat(xw, nl)
3296 base_coords = num.tile(base_coords, (npatches, 1))
3298 center_coords = num.zeros((npatches, 3))
3299 center_coords[:, 0] = num.repeat(
3300 num.arange(self.nx) * pln + pln / 2, self.ny) - self.length / 2
3301 center_coords[:, 1] = num.tile(
3302 num.arange(self.ny) * pwd + pwd / 2, self.nx) - self.width / 2
3304 base_coords -= center_coords.repeat(nsrc_patch, axis=0)
3305 nbaselocs = base_coords.shape[0]
3307 base_interp = base_coords.repeat(ntimes, axis=0)
3309 base_times = num.tile(slip_times, nbaselocs)
3310 base_interp[:, 0] -= anch_x * self.length / 2
3311 base_interp[:, 1] -= anch_y * self.width / 2
3312 base_interp[:, 2] = base_times
3314 _, _, _, _, time_interpolator, _ = self.get_vr_time_interpolators(
3315 store, interpolation=interpolation)
3317 time_eikonal_max = time_interpolator.values.max()
3319 nbasesrcs = base_interp.shape[0]
3320 delta_slip = slip_interp(base_interp).reshape(nbaselocs, ntimes, 3)
3321 lamb = lamb_interp(base_interp[:, :2]).ravel()
3322 mu = mu_interp(base_interp[:, :2]).ravel()
3324 if False:
3325 try:
3326 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
3327 coords = base_coords.copy()
3328 norm = num.sum(num.linalg.norm(delta_slip, axis=2), axis=1)
3329 plt.scatter(coords[:, 0], coords[:, 1], c=norm)
3330 plt.show()
3331 except AttributeError:
3332 pass
3334 base_interp[:, 2] = 0.
3335 rotmat = num.asarray(
3336 pmt.euler_to_matrix(self.dip * d2r, self.strike * d2r, 0.0))
3337 base_interp = num.dot(rotmat.T, base_interp.T).T
3338 base_interp[:, 0] += self.north_shift
3339 base_interp[:, 1] += self.east_shift
3340 base_interp[:, 2] += self.depth
3342 slip_strike = delta_slip[:, :, 0].ravel()
3343 slip_dip = delta_slip[:, :, 1].ravel()
3344 slip_norm = delta_slip[:, :, 2].ravel()
3346 slip_shear = num.linalg.norm([slip_strike, slip_dip], axis=0)
3347 slip_rake = r2d * num.arctan2(slip_dip, slip_strike)
3349 m6s = okada_ext.patch2m6(
3350 strikes=num.full(nbasesrcs, self.strike, dtype=num.float),
3351 dips=num.full(nbasesrcs, self.dip, dtype=num.float),
3352 rakes=slip_rake,
3353 disl_shear=slip_shear,
3354 disl_norm=slip_norm,
3355 lamb=lamb,
3356 mu=mu,
3357 nthreads=self.nthreads)
3359 m6s *= patch_area
3361 dl = -self.patches[0].al1 + self.patches[0].al2
3362 dw = -self.patches[0].aw1 + self.patches[0].aw2
3364 base_times[base_times > time_eikonal_max] = time_eikonal_max
3366 ds = meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
3367 lat=self.lat,
3368 lon=self.lon,
3369 times=base_times + self.time,
3370 north_shifts=base_interp[:, 0],
3371 east_shifts=base_interp[:, 1],
3372 depths=base_interp[:, 2],
3373 m6s=m6s,
3374 dl=dl,
3375 dw=dw,
3376 nl=self.nx,
3377 nw=self.ny)
3379 return ds
3381 def calc_coef_mat(self):
3382 '''
3383 Calculate coefficients connecting tractions and dislocations.
3384 '''
3385 if not self.patches:
3386 raise ValueError(
3387 'Patches are needed. Please calculate them first.')
3389 self.coef_mat = make_okada_coefficient_matrix(
3390 self.patches, nthreads=self.nthreads, pure_shear=self.pure_shear)
3392 def get_patch_attribute(self, attr):
3393 '''
3394 Get patch attributes.
3396 :param attr:
3397 Name of selected attribute (see
3398 :py:class`pyrocko.modelling.okada.OkadaSource`).
3399 :type attr:
3400 str
3402 :returns:
3403 Array with attribute value for each fault patch.
3404 :rtype:
3405 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`
3407 '''
3408 if not self.patches:
3409 raise ValueError(
3410 'Patches are needed. Please calculate them first.')
3411 return num.array([getattr(p, attr) for p in self.patches])
3413 def get_slip(
3414 self,
3415 time=None,
3416 scale_slip=True,
3417 interpolation='nearest_neighbor',
3418 **kwargs):
3419 '''
3420 Get slip per subfault patch for given time after rupture start.
3422 :param time:
3423 Time after origin [s], for which slip is computed. If not
3424 given, final static slip is returned.
3425 :type time:
3426 optional, float > 0.
3428 :param scale_slip:
3429 If ``True`` and :py:attr:`slip` given, all slip values are scaled
3430 to fit the given maximum slip.
3431 :type scale_slip:
3432 optional, bool
3434 :param interpolation:
3435 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
3436 and ``'multilinear'``).
3437 :type interpolation:
3438 optional, str
3440 :returns:
3441 Inverted dislocations (:math:`u_{strike}, u_{dip}, u_{tensile}`)
3442 for each source patch.
3443 :rtype:
3444 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_sources, 3)``
3445 '''
3447 if self.patches is None:
3448 raise ValueError(
3449 'Please discretize the source first (discretize_patches())')
3450 npatches = len(self.patches)
3451 tractions = self.get_tractions()
3452 time_patch_max = self.get_patch_attribute('time').max() - self.time
3454 time_patch = time
3455 if time is None:
3456 time_patch = time_patch_max
3458 if self.coef_mat is None:
3459 self.calc_coef_mat()
3461 if tractions.shape != (npatches, 3):
3462 raise AttributeError(
3463 'The traction vector is of invalid shape.'
3464 ' Required shape is (npatches, 3)')
3466 patch_mask = num.ones(npatches, dtype=num.bool)
3467 if self.patch_mask is not None:
3468 patch_mask = self.patch_mask
3470 times = self.get_patch_attribute('time') - self.time
3471 times[~patch_mask] = time_patch + 1. # exlcude unmasked patches
3472 relevant_sources = num.nonzero(times <= time_patch)[0]
3473 disloc_est = num.zeros_like(tractions)
3475 if self.smooth_rupture:
3476 patch_activation = num.zeros(npatches)
3478 nx, ny, times, vr, time_interpolator, vr_interpolator = \
3479 self.get_vr_time_interpolators(
3480 store, interpolation=interpolation)
3482 # Getting the native Eikonal grid, bit hackish
3483 points_x = num.round(time_interpolator.grid[0], decimals=2)
3484 points_y = num.round(time_interpolator.grid[1], decimals=2)
3485 times_eikonal = time_interpolator.values
3487 time_max = time
3488 if time is None:
3489 time_max = times_eikonal.max()
3491 for ip, p in enumerate(self.patches):
3492 ul = num.round((p.ix + p.al1, p.iy + p.aw1), decimals=2)
3493 lr = num.round((p.ix + p.al2, p.iy + p.aw2), decimals=2)
3495 idx_length = num.logical_and(
3496 points_x >= ul[0], points_x <= lr[0])
3497 idx_width = num.logical_and(
3498 points_y >= ul[1], points_y <= lr[1])
3500 times_patch = times_eikonal[num.ix_(idx_length, idx_width)]
3501 if times_patch.size == 0:
3502 raise AttributeError('could not use smooth_rupture')
3504 patch_activation[ip] = \
3505 (times_patch <= time_max).sum() / times_patch.size
3507 if time_patch == 0 and time_patch != time_patch_max:
3508 patch_activation[ip] = 0.
3510 patch_activation[~patch_mask] = 0. # exlcude unmasked patches
3512 relevant_sources = num.nonzero(patch_activation > 0.)[0]
3514 if relevant_sources.size == 0:
3515 return disloc_est
3517 indices_disl = num.repeat(relevant_sources * 3, 3)
3518 indices_disl[1::3] += 1
3519 indices_disl[2::3] += 2
3521 disloc_est[relevant_sources] = invert_fault_dislocations_bem(
3522 stress_field=tractions[relevant_sources, :].ravel(),
3523 coef_mat=self.coef_mat[indices_disl, :][:, indices_disl],
3524 pure_shear=self.pure_shear, nthreads=self.nthreads,
3525 epsilon=None,
3526 **kwargs)
3528 if self.smooth_rupture:
3529 disloc_est *= patch_activation[:, num.newaxis]
3531 if scale_slip and self.slip is not None:
3532 disloc_tmax = num.zeros(npatches)
3534 indices_disl = num.repeat(num.nonzero(patch_mask)[0] * 3, 3)
3535 indices_disl[1::3] += 1
3536 indices_disl[2::3] += 2
3538 disloc_tmax[patch_mask] = num.linalg.norm(
3539 invert_fault_dislocations_bem(
3540 stress_field=tractions[patch_mask, :].ravel(),
3541 coef_mat=self.coef_mat[indices_disl, :][:, indices_disl],
3542 pure_shear=self.pure_shear, nthreads=self.nthreads,
3543 epsilon=None,
3544 **kwargs), axis=1)
3546 disloc_tmax_max = disloc_tmax.max()
3547 if disloc_tmax_max == 0.:
3548 logger.warning(
3549 'slip scaling not performed. Maximum slip is 0.')
3551 disloc_est *= self.slip / disloc_tmax_max
3553 return disloc_est
3555 def get_delta_slip(
3556 self,
3557 store=None,
3558 deltat=None,
3559 delta=True,
3560 interpolation='nearest_neighbor',
3561 **kwargs):
3562 '''
3563 Get slip change snapshots.
3565 The time interval, within which the slip changes are computed is
3566 determined by the sampling rate of the Green's function database or
3567 ``deltat``. Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to :py:meth:`get_slip`.
3569 :param store:
3570 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of of the
3571 source). Its sampling interval is used as time increment for slip
3572 difference calculation. Either ``deltat`` or ``store`` should be
3573 given.
3574 :type store:
3575 optional, :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3577 :param deltat:
3578 Time interval for slip difference calculation [s]. Either
3579 ``deltat`` or ``store`` should be given.
3580 :type deltat:
3581 optional, float
3583 :param delta:
3584 If ``True``, slip differences between two time steps are given. If
3585 ``False``, cumulative slip for all time steps.
3586 :type delta:
3587 optional, bool
3589 :param interpolation:
3590 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
3591 and ``'multilinear'``).
3592 :type interpolation:
3593 optional, str
3595 :returns:
3596 Displacement changes(:math:`\\Delta u_{strike},
3597 \\Delta u_{dip} , \\Delta u_{tensile}`) for each source patch and
3598 time; corner times, for which delta slip is computed. The order of
3599 displacement changes array is:
3601 .. math::
3603 &[[\\\\
3604 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch1, t1},
3605 \\Delta u_{dip, patch1, t1},
3606 \\Delta u_{tensile, patch1, t1}],\\\\
3607 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch1, t2},
3608 \\Delta u_{dip, patch1, t2},
3609 \\Delta u_{tensile, patch1, t2}]\\\\
3610 &], [\\\\
3611 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch2, t1}, ...],\\\\
3612 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch2, t2}, ...]]]\\\\
3614 :rtype: :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_sources, n_times, 3)``,
3615 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``
3616 '''
3617 if store and deltat:
3618 raise AttributeError(
3619 'Argument collision. '
3620 'Please define only the store or the deltat argument.')
3622 if store:
3623 deltat = store.config.deltat
3625 if not deltat:
3626 raise AttributeError('Please give a GF store or set deltat.')
3628 npatches = len(self.patches)
3630 _, _, _, _, time_interpolator, _ = self.get_vr_time_interpolators(
3631 store, interpolation=interpolation)
3632 tmax = time_interpolator.values.max()
3634 calc_times = num.arange(0., tmax + deltat, deltat)
3635 calc_times[calc_times > tmax] = tmax
3637 disloc_est = num.zeros((npatches, calc_times.size, 3))
3639 for itime, t in enumerate(calc_times):
3640 disloc_est[:, itime, :] = self.get_slip(
3641 time=t, scale_slip=False, **kwargs)
3643 if self.slip:
3644 disloc_tmax = num.linalg.norm(
3645 self.get_slip(scale_slip=False, time=tmax),
3646 axis=1)
3648 disloc_tmax_max = disloc_tmax.max()
3649 if disloc_tmax_max == 0.:
3650 logger.warning(
3651 'Slip scaling not performed. Maximum slip is 0.')
3652 else:
3653 disloc_est *= self.slip / disloc_tmax_max
3655 if not delta:
3656 return disloc_est, calc_times
3658 # if we have only one timestep there is no gradient
3659 if calc_times.size > 1:
3660 disloc_init = disloc_est[:, 0, :]
3661 disloc_est = num.diff(disloc_est, axis=1)
3662 disloc_est = num.concatenate((
3663 disloc_init[:, num.newaxis, :], disloc_est), axis=1)
3665 calc_times = calc_times
3667 return disloc_est, calc_times
3669 def get_slip_rate(self, *args, **kwargs):
3670 '''
3671 Get slip rate inverted from patches.
3673 The time interval, within which the slip rates are computed is
3674 determined by the sampling rate of the Green's function database or
3675 ``deltat``. Additional ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are passed to
3676 :py:meth:`get_delta_slip`.
3678 :returns:
3679 Slip rates (:math:`\\Delta u_{strike}/\\Delta t`,
3680 :math:`\\Delta u_{dip}/\\Delta t, \\Delta u_{tensile}/\\Delta t`)
3681 for each source patch and time; corner times, for which slip rate
3682 is computed. The order of sliprate array is:
3684 .. math::
3686 &[[\\\\
3687 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch1, t1}/\\Delta t,
3688 \\Delta u_{dip, patch1, t1}/\\Delta t,
3689 \\Delta u_{tensile, patch1, t1}/\\Delta t],\\\\
3690 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch1, t2}/\\Delta t,
3691 \\Delta u_{dip, patch1, t2}/\\Delta t,
3692 \\Delta u_{tensile, patch1, t2}/\\Delta t]], [\\\\
3693 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch2, t1}/\\Delta t, ...],\\\\
3694 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch2, t2}/\\Delta t, ...]]]\\\\
3696 :rtype: :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_sources, n_times, 3)``,
3697 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``
3698 '''
3699 ddisloc_est, calc_times = self.get_delta_slip(
3700 *args, delta=True, **kwargs)
3702 dt = num.concatenate(
3703 [(num.diff(calc_times)[0], ), num.diff(calc_times)])
3704 slip_rate = num.linalg.norm(ddisloc_est, axis=2) / dt
3706 return slip_rate, calc_times
3708 def get_moment_rate_patches(self, *args, **kwargs):
3709 '''
3710 Get scalar seismic moment rate for each patch individually.
3712 Additional ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are passed to
3713 :py:meth:`get_slip_rate`.
3715 :returns:
3716 Seismic moment rate for each source patch and time; corner times,
3717 for which patch moment rate is computed based on slip rate. The
3718 order of the moment rate array is:
3720 .. math::
3722 &[\\\\
3723 &[(\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{patch1, t1},
3724 (\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{patch1, t2}, ...],\\\\
3725 &[(\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{patch2, t1},
3726 (\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{patch, t2}, ...],\\\\
3727 &[...]]\\\\
3729 :rtype: :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_sources, n_times)``,
3730 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``
3731 '''
3732 slip_rate, calc_times = self.get_slip_rate(*args, **kwargs)
3734 shear_mod = self.get_patch_attribute('shearmod')
3735 p_length = self.get_patch_attribute('length')
3736 p_width = self.get_patch_attribute('width')
3738 dA = p_length * p_width
3740 mom_rate = shear_mod[:, num.newaxis] * slip_rate * dA[:, num.newaxis]
3742 return mom_rate, calc_times
3744 def get_moment_rate(self, store, target=None, deltat=None):
3745 '''
3746 Get seismic source moment rate for the total source (STF).
3748 :param store:
3749 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of of the
3750 source). Its ``deltat`` [s] is used as time increment for slip
3751 difference calculation. Either ``deltat`` or ``store`` should be
3752 given.
3753 :type store:
3754 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3756 :param target:
3757 Target information, needed for interpolation method.
3758 :type target:
3759 optional, :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.targets.Target`
3761 :param deltat:
3762 Time increment for slip difference calculation [s]. If not given
3763 ``store.deltat`` is used.
3764 :type deltat:
3765 optional, float
3767 :return:
3768 Seismic moment rate [Nm/s] for each time; corner times, for which
3769 moment rate is computed. The order of the moment rate array is:
3771 .. math::
3773 &[\\\\
3774 &(\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{t1},\\\\
3775 &(\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{t2},\\\\
3776 &...]\\\\
3778 :rtype:
3779 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``,
3780 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``
3781 '''
3782 if not deltat:
3783 deltat = store.config.deltat
3784 return self.discretize_basesource(
3785 store, target=target).get_moment_rate(deltat)
3787 def get_moment(self, *args, **kwargs):
3788 '''
3789 Get seismic cumulative moment.
3791 Additional ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are passed to
3792 :py:meth:`get_magnitude`.
3794 :returns:
3795 Cumulative seismic moment in [Nm].
3796 :rtype:
3797 float
3798 '''
3799 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.get_magnitude(
3800 *args, **kwargs)))
3802 def rescale_slip(self, magnitude=None, moment=None, **kwargs):
3803 '''
3804 Rescale source slip based on given target magnitude or seismic moment.
3806 Rescale the maximum source slip to fit the source moment magnitude or
3807 seismic moment to the given target values. Either ``magnitude`` or
3808 ``moment`` need to be given. Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to
3809 :py:meth:`get_moment`.
3811 :param magnitude:
3812 Target moment magnitude :math:`M_\\mathrm{w}` as in
3813 [Hanks and Kanamori, 1979]
3814 :type magnitude:
3815 optional, float
3817 :param moment:
3818 Target seismic moment :math:`M_0` [Nm].
3819 :type moment:
3820 optional, float
3821 '''
3822 if self.slip is None:
3823 self.slip = 1.
3824 logger.warning('No slip found for rescaling. '
3825 'An initial slip of 1 m is assumed.')
3827 if magnitude is None and moment is None:
3828 raise ValueError(
3829 'Either target magnitude or moment need to be given.')
3831 moment_init = self.get_moment(**kwargs)
3833 if magnitude is not None:
3834 moment = pmt.magnitude_to_moment(magnitude)
3836 self.slip *= moment / moment_init
3838 def get_centroid(self, store, *args, **kwargs):
3839 _, _, _, _, time, _ = self.get_vr_time_interpolators(store)
3840 t_max = time.values.max()
3842 moment_rate, times = self.get_moment_rate_patches(deltat=t_max)
3844 moment = num.sum(moment_rate * times, axis=1)
3845 weights = moment / moment.sum()
3847 norths = self.get_patch_attribute('north_shift')
3848 easts = self.get_patch_attribute('east_shift')
3849 depths = self.get_patch_attribute('depth')
3850 times = self.get_patch_attribute('time') - self.time
3852 centroid_n = num.sum(weights * norths)
3853 centroid_e = num.sum(weights * easts)
3854 centroid_d = num.sum(weights * depths)
3855 centroid_t = num.sum(weights * times) + self.time
3857 centroid_lat, centroid_lon = ne_to_latlon(
3858 self.lat, self.lon, centroid_n, centroid_e)
3860 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, *args, **kwargs)
3862 return model.Event(
3863 lat=centroid_lat,
3864 lon=centroid_lon,
3865 depth=centroid_d,
3866 time=centroid_t,
3867 moment_tensor=mt,
3868 magnitude=mt.magnitude,
3869 duration=t_max)
3872class DoubleDCSource(SourceWithMagnitude):
3873 '''
3874 Two double-couple point sources separated in space and time.
3875 Moment share between the sub-sources is controlled by the
3876 parameter mix.
3877 The position of the subsources is dependent on the moment
3878 distribution between the two sources. Depth, east and north
3879 shift are given for the centroid between the two double-couples.
3880 The subsources will positioned according to their moment shares
3881 around this centroid position.
3882 This is done according to their delta parameters, which are
3883 therefore in relation to that centroid.
3884 Note that depth of the subsources therefore can be
3885 depth+/-delta_depth. For shallow earthquakes therefore
3886 the depth has to be chosen deeper to avoid sampling
3887 above surface.
3888 '''
3890 strike1 = Float.T(
3891 default=0.0,
3892 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
3894 dip1 = Float.T(
3895 default=90.0,
3896 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
3898 azimuth = Float.T(
3899 default=0.0,
3900 help='azimuth to second double-couple [deg], '
3901 'measured at first, clockwise from north')
3903 rake1 = Float.T(
3904 default=0.0,
3905 help='rake angle in [deg], '
3906 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
3907 'in on-plane view')
3909 strike2 = Float.T(
3910 default=0.0,
3911 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
3913 dip2 = Float.T(
3914 default=90.0,
3915 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
3917 rake2 = Float.T(
3918 default=0.0,
3919 help='rake angle in [deg], '
3920 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
3921 'in on-plane view')
3923 delta_time = Float.T(
3924 default=0.0,
3925 help='separation of double-couples in time (t2-t1) [s]')
3927 delta_depth = Float.T(
3928 default=0.0,
3929 help='difference in depth (z2-z1) [m]')
3931 distance = Float.T(
3932 default=0.0,
3933 help='distance between the two double-couples [m]')
3935 mix = Float.T(
3936 default=0.5,
3937 help='how to distribute the moment to the two doublecouples '
3938 'mix=0 -> m1=1 and m2=0; mix=1 -> m1=0, m2=1')
3940 stf1 = STF.T(
3941 optional=True,
3942 help='Source time function of subsource 1 '
3943 '(if given, overrides STF from attribute :py:gattr:`Source.stf`)')
3945 stf2 = STF.T(
3946 optional=True,
3947 help='Source time function of subsource 2 '
3948 '(if given, overrides STF from attribute :py:gattr:`Source.stf`)')
3950 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
3952 def base_key(self):
3953 return (
3954 self.time, self.depth, self.lat, self.north_shift,
3955 self.lon, self.east_shift, type(self).__name__) + \
3956 self.effective_stf1_pre().base_key() + \
3957 self.effective_stf2_pre().base_key() + (
3958 self.strike1, self.dip1, self.rake1,
3959 self.strike2, self.dip2, self.rake2,
3960 self.delta_time, self.delta_depth,
3961 self.azimuth, self.distance, self.mix)
3963 def get_factor(self):
3964 return self.moment
3966 def effective_stf1_pre(self):
3967 return self.stf1 or self.stf or g_unit_pulse
3969 def effective_stf2_pre(self):
3970 return self.stf2 or self.stf or g_unit_pulse
3972 def effective_stf_post(self):
3973 return g_unit_pulse
3975 def split(self):
3976 a1 = 1.0 - self.mix
3977 a2 = self.mix
3978 delta_north = math.cos(self.azimuth * d2r) * self.distance
3979 delta_east = math.sin(self.azimuth * d2r) * self.distance
3981 dc1 = DCSource(
3982 lat=self.lat,
3983 lon=self.lon,
3984 time=self.time - self.delta_time * a2,
3985 north_shift=self.north_shift - delta_north * a2,
3986 east_shift=self.east_shift - delta_east * a2,
3987 depth=self.depth - self.delta_depth * a2,
3988 moment=self.moment * a1,
3989 strike=self.strike1,
3990 dip=self.dip1,
3991 rake=self.rake1,
3992 stf=self.stf1 or self.stf)
3994 dc2 = DCSource(
3995 lat=self.lat,
3996 lon=self.lon,
3997 time=self.time + self.delta_time * a1,
3998 north_shift=self.north_shift + delta_north * a1,
3999 east_shift=self.east_shift + delta_east * a1,
4000 depth=self.depth + self.delta_depth * a1,
4001 moment=self.moment * a2,
4002 strike=self.strike2,
4003 dip=self.dip2,
4004 rake=self.rake2,
4005 stf=self.stf2 or self.stf)
4007 return [dc1, dc2]
4009 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4010 a1 = 1.0 - self.mix
4011 a2 = self.mix
4012 mot1 = pmt.MomentTensor(strike=self.strike1, dip=self.dip1,
4013 rake=self.rake1, scalar_moment=a1)
4014 mot2 = pmt.MomentTensor(strike=self.strike2, dip=self.dip2,
4015 rake=self.rake2, scalar_moment=a2)
4017 delta_north = math.cos(self.azimuth * d2r) * self.distance
4018 delta_east = math.sin(self.azimuth * d2r) * self.distance
4020 times1, amplitudes1 = self.effective_stf1_pre().discretize_t(
4021 store.config.deltat, self.time - self.delta_time * a2)
4023 times2, amplitudes2 = self.effective_stf2_pre().discretize_t(
4024 store.config.deltat, self.time + self.delta_time * a1)
4026 nt1 = times1.size
4027 nt2 = times2.size
4029 ds = meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
4030 lat=self.lat,
4031 lon=self.lon,
4032 times=num.concatenate((times1, times2)),
4033 north_shifts=num.concatenate((
4034 num.repeat(self.north_shift - delta_north * a2, nt1),
4035 num.repeat(self.north_shift + delta_north * a1, nt2))),
4036 east_shifts=num.concatenate((
4037 num.repeat(self.east_shift - delta_east * a2, nt1),
4038 num.repeat(self.east_shift + delta_east * a1, nt2))),
4039 depths=num.concatenate((
4040 num.repeat(self.depth - self.delta_depth * a2, nt1),
4041 num.repeat(self.depth + self.delta_depth * a1, nt2))),
4042 m6s=num.vstack((
4043 mot1.m6()[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes1[:, num.newaxis],
4044 mot2.m6()[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes2[:, num.newaxis])))
4046 return ds
4048 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
4049 a1 = 1.0 - self.mix
4050 a2 = self.mix
4051 mot1 = pmt.MomentTensor(strike=self.strike1, dip=self.dip1,
4052 rake=self.rake1,
4053 scalar_moment=a1 * self.moment)
4054 mot2 = pmt.MomentTensor(strike=self.strike2, dip=self.dip2,
4055 rake=self.rake2,
4056 scalar_moment=a2 * self.moment)
4057 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=mot1.m() + mot2.m())
4059 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
4060 return SourceWithMagnitude.pyrocko_event(
4061 self, store, target,
4062 moment_tensor=self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target),
4063 **kwargs)
4065 @classmethod
4066 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
4067 d = {}
4068 mt = ev.moment_tensor
4069 if mt:
4070 (strike, dip, rake), _ = mt.both_strike_dip_rake()
4071 d.update(
4072 strike1=float(strike),
4073 dip1=float(dip),
4074 rake1=float(rake),
4075 strike2=float(strike),
4076 dip2=float(dip),
4077 rake2=float(rake),
4078 mix=0.0,
4079 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()))
4081 d.update(kwargs)
4082 source = super(DoubleDCSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
4083 source.stf1 = source.stf
4084 source.stf2 = HalfSinusoidSTF(effective_duration=0.)
4085 source.stf = None
4086 return source
4089class RingfaultSource(SourceWithMagnitude):
4090 '''
4091 A ring fault with vertical doublecouples.
4092 '''
4094 diameter = Float.T(
4095 default=1.0,
4096 help='diameter of the ring in [m]')
4098 sign = Float.T(
4099 default=1.0,
4100 help='inside of the ring moves up (+1) or down (-1)')
4102 strike = Float.T(
4103 default=0.0,
4104 help='strike direction of the ring plane, clockwise from north,'
4105 ' in [deg]')
4107 dip = Float.T(
4108 default=0.0,
4109 help='dip angle of the ring plane from horizontal in [deg]')
4111 npointsources = Int.T(
4112 default=360,
4113 help='number of point sources to use')
4115 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
4117 def base_key(self):
4118 return Source.base_key(self) + (
4119 self.strike, self.dip, self.diameter, self.npointsources)
4121 def get_factor(self):
4122 return self.sign * self.moment
4124 def discretize_basesource(self, store=None, target=None):
4125 n = self.npointsources
4126 phi = num.linspace(0, 2.0 * num.pi, n, endpoint=False)
4128 points = num.zeros((n, 3))
4129 points[:, 0] = num.cos(phi) * 0.5 * self.diameter
4130 points[:, 1] = num.sin(phi) * 0.5 * self.diameter
4132 rotmat = num.array(pmt.euler_to_matrix(
4133 self.dip * d2r, self.strike * d2r, 0.0))
4134 points = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T # !!! ?
4136 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
4137 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
4138 points[:, 2] += self.depth
4140 m = num.array(pmt.MomentTensor(strike=90., dip=90., rake=-90.,
4141 scalar_moment=1.0 / n).m())
4143 rotmats = num.transpose(
4144 [[num.cos(phi), num.sin(phi), num.zeros(n)],
4145 [-num.sin(phi), num.cos(phi), num.zeros(n)],
4146 [num.zeros(n), num.zeros(n), num.ones(n)]], (2, 0, 1))
4148 ms = num.zeros((n, 3, 3))
4149 for i in range(n):
4150 mtemp = num.dot(rotmats[i].T, num.dot(m, rotmats[i]))
4151 ms[i, :, :] = num.dot(rotmat.T, num.dot(mtemp, rotmat))
4153 m6s = num.vstack((ms[:, 0, 0], ms[:, 1, 1], ms[:, 2, 2],
4154 ms[:, 0, 1], ms[:, 0, 2], ms[:, 1, 2])).T
4156 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
4157 store.config.deltat, self.time)
4159 nt = times.size
4161 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
4162 times=num.tile(times, n),
4163 lat=self.lat,
4164 lon=self.lon,
4165 north_shifts=num.repeat(points[:, 0], nt),
4166 east_shifts=num.repeat(points[:, 1], nt),
4167 depths=num.repeat(points[:, 2], nt),
4168 m6s=num.repeat(m6s, nt, axis=0) * num.tile(
4169 amplitudes, n)[:, num.newaxis])
4172class CombiSource(Source):
4173 '''
4174 Composite source model.
4175 '''
4177 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
4179 subsources = List.T(Source.T())
4181 def __init__(self, subsources=[], **kwargs):
4182 if not subsources:
4183 raise BadRequest(
4184 'Need at least one sub-source to create a CombiSource object.')
4186 lats = num.array(
4187 [subsource.lat for subsource in subsources], dtype=float)
4188 lons = num.array(
4189 [subsource.lon for subsource in subsources], dtype=float)
4191 lat, lon = lats[0], lons[0]
4192 if not num.all(lats == lat) and num.all(lons == lon):
4193 subsources = [s.clone() for s in subsources]
4194 for subsource in subsources[1:]:
4195 subsource.set_origin(lat, lon)
4197 depth = float(num.mean([p.depth for p in subsources]))
4198 time = float(num.mean([p.time for p in subsources]))
4199 north_shift = float(num.mean([p.north_shift for p in subsources]))
4200 east_shift = float(num.mean([p.east_shift for p in subsources]))
4201 kwargs.update(
4202 time=time,
4203 lat=float(lat),
4204 lon=float(lon),
4205 north_shift=north_shift,
4206 east_shift=east_shift,
4207 depth=depth)
4209 Source.__init__(self, subsources=subsources, **kwargs)
4211 def get_factor(self):
4212 return 1.0
4214 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4215 dsources = []
4216 for sf in self.subsources:
4217 ds = sf.discretize_basesource(store, target)
4218 ds.m6s *= sf.get_factor()
4219 dsources.append(ds)
4221 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource.combine(dsources)
4224class SFSource(Source):
4225 '''
4226 A single force point source.
4228 Supported GF schemes: `'elastic5'`.
4229 '''
4231 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedSFSource
4233 fn = Float.T(
4234 default=0.,
4235 help='northward component of single force [N]')
4237 fe = Float.T(
4238 default=0.,
4239 help='eastward component of single force [N]')
4241 fd = Float.T(
4242 default=0.,
4243 help='downward component of single force [N]')
4245 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
4246 Source.__init__(self, **kwargs)
4248 def base_key(self):
4249 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.fn, self.fe, self.fd)
4251 def get_factor(self):
4252 return 1.0
4254 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4255 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
4256 store.config.deltat, self.time)
4257 forces = amplitudes[:, num.newaxis] * num.array(
4258 [[self.fn, self.fe, self.fd]], dtype=float)
4260 return meta.DiscretizedSFSource(forces=forces,
4261 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
4263 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
4264 return Source.pyrocko_event(
4265 self, store, target,
4266 **kwargs)
4268 @classmethod
4269 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
4270 d = {}
4271 d.update(kwargs)
4272 return super(SFSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
4275class PorePressurePointSource(Source):
4276 '''
4277 Excess pore pressure point source.
4279 For poro-elastic initial value problem where an excess pore pressure is
4280 brought into a small source volume.
4281 '''
4283 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedPorePressureSource
4285 pp = Float.T(
4286 default=1.0,
4287 help='initial excess pore pressure in [Pa]')
4289 def base_key(self):
4290 return Source.base_key(self)
4292 def get_factor(self):
4293 return self.pp
4295 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4296 return meta.DiscretizedPorePressureSource(pp=arr(1.0),
4297 **self._dparams_base())
4300class PorePressureLineSource(Source):
4301 '''
4302 Excess pore pressure line source.
4304 The line source is centered at (north_shift, east_shift, depth).
4305 '''
4307 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedPorePressureSource
4309 pp = Float.T(
4310 default=1.0,
4311 help='initial excess pore pressure in [Pa]')
4313 length = Float.T(
4314 default=0.0,
4315 help='length of the line source [m]')
4317 azimuth = Float.T(
4318 default=0.0,
4319 help='azimuth direction, clockwise from north [deg]')
4321 dip = Float.T(
4322 default=90.,
4323 help='dip direction, downward from horizontal [deg]')
4325 def base_key(self):
4326 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.azimuth, self.dip, self.length)
4328 def get_factor(self):
4329 return self.pp
4331 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4333 n = 2 * int(math.ceil(self.length / num.min(store.config.deltas))) + 1
4335 a = num.linspace(-0.5 * self.length, 0.5 * self.length, n)
4337 sa = math.sin(self.azimuth * d2r)
4338 ca = math.cos(self.azimuth * d2r)
4339 sd = math.sin(self.dip * d2r)
4340 cd = math.cos(self.dip * d2r)
4342 points = num.zeros((n, 3))
4343 points[:, 0] = self.north_shift + a * ca * cd
4344 points[:, 1] = self.east_shift + a * sa * cd
4345 points[:, 2] = self.depth + a * sd
4347 return meta.DiscretizedPorePressureSource(
4348 times=util.num_full(n, self.time),
4349 lat=self.lat,
4350 lon=self.lon,
4351 north_shifts=points[:, 0],
4352 east_shifts=points[:, 1],
4353 depths=points[:, 2],
4354 pp=num.ones(n) / n)
4357class Request(Object):
4358 '''
4359 Synthetic seismogram computation request.
4361 ::
4363 Request(**kwargs)
4364 Request(sources, targets, **kwargs)
4365 '''
4367 sources = List.T(
4368 Source.T(),
4369 help='list of sources for which to produce synthetics.')
4371 targets = List.T(
4372 Target.T(),
4373 help='list of targets for which to produce synthetics.')
4375 @classmethod
4376 def args2kwargs(cls, args):
4377 if len(args) not in (0, 2, 3):
4378 raise BadRequest('Invalid arguments.')
4380 if len(args) == 2:
4381 return dict(sources=args[0], targets=args[1])
4382 else:
4383 return {}
4385 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
4386 kwargs.update(self.args2kwargs(args))
4387 sources = kwargs.pop('sources', [])
4388 targets = kwargs.pop('targets', [])
4390 if isinstance(sources, Source):
4391 sources = [sources]
4393 if isinstance(targets, Target) or isinstance(targets, StaticTarget):
4394 targets = [targets]
4396 Object.__init__(self, sources=sources, targets=targets, **kwargs)
4398 @property
4399 def targets_dynamic(self):
4400 return [t for t in self.targets if isinstance(t, Target)]
4402 @property
4403 def targets_static(self):
4404 return [t for t in self.targets if isinstance(t, StaticTarget)]
4406 @property
4407 def has_dynamic(self):
4408 return True if len(self.targets_dynamic) > 0 else False
4410 @property
4411 def has_statics(self):
4412 return True if len(self.targets_static) > 0 else False
4414 def subsources_map(self):
4415 m = defaultdict(list)
4416 for source in self.sources:
4417 m[source.base_key()].append(source)
4419 return m
4421 def subtargets_map(self):
4422 m = defaultdict(list)
4423 for target in self.targets:
4424 m[target.base_key()].append(target)
4426 return m
4428 def subrequest_map(self):
4429 ms = self.subsources_map()
4430 mt = self.subtargets_map()
4431 m = {}
4432 for (ks, ls) in ms.items():
4433 for (kt, lt) in mt.items():
4434 m[ks, kt] = (ls, lt)
4436 return m
4439class ProcessingStats(Object):
4440 t_perc_get_store_and_receiver = Float.T(default=0.)
4441 t_perc_discretize_source = Float.T(default=0.)
4442 t_perc_make_base_seismogram = Float.T(default=0.)
4443 t_perc_make_same_span = Float.T(default=0.)
4444 t_perc_post_process = Float.T(default=0.)
4445 t_perc_optimize = Float.T(default=0.)
4446 t_perc_stack = Float.T(default=0.)
4447 t_perc_static_get_store = Float.T(default=0.)
4448 t_perc_static_discretize_basesource = Float.T(default=0.)
4449 t_perc_static_sum_statics = Float.T(default=0.)
4450 t_perc_static_post_process = Float.T(default=0.)
4451 t_wallclock = Float.T(default=0.)
4452 t_cpu = Float.T(default=0.)
4453 n_read_blocks = Int.T(default=0)
4454 n_results = Int.T(default=0)
4455 n_subrequests = Int.T(default=0)
4456 n_stores = Int.T(default=0)
4457 n_records_stacked = Int.T(default=0)
4460class Response(Object):
4461 '''
4462 Resonse object to a synthetic seismogram computation request.
4463 '''
4465 request = Request.T()
4466 results_list = List.T(List.T(meta.SeismosizerResult.T()))
4467 stats = ProcessingStats.T()
4469 def pyrocko_traces(self):
4470 '''
4471 Return a list of requested
4472 :class:`~pyrocko.trace.Trace` instances.
4473 '''
4475 traces = []
4476 for results in self.results_list:
4477 for result in results:
4478 if not isinstance(result, meta.Result):
4479 continue
4480 traces.append(result.trace.pyrocko_trace())
4482 return traces
4484 def kite_scenes(self):
4485 '''
4486 Return a list of requested
4487 :class:`~kite.scenes` instances.
4488 '''
4489 kite_scenes = []
4490 for results in self.results_list:
4491 for result in results:
4492 if isinstance(result, meta.KiteSceneResult):
4493 sc = result.get_scene()
4494 kite_scenes.append(sc)
4496 return kite_scenes
4498 def static_results(self):
4499 '''
4500 Return a list of requested
4501 :class:`~pyrocko.gf.meta.StaticResult` instances.
4502 '''
4503 statics = []
4504 for results in self.results_list:
4505 for result in results:
4506 if not isinstance(result, meta.StaticResult):
4507 continue
4508 statics.append(result)
4510 return statics
4512 def iter_results(self, get='pyrocko_traces'):
4513 '''
4514 Generator function to iterate over results of request.
4516 Yields associated :py:class:`Source`,
4517 :class:`~pyrocko.gf.targets.Target`,
4518 :class:`~pyrocko.trace.Trace` instances in each iteration.
4519 '''
4521 for isource, source in enumerate(self.request.sources):
4522 for itarget, target in enumerate(self.request.targets):
4523 result = self.results_list[isource][itarget]
4524 if get == 'pyrocko_traces':
4525 yield source, target, result.trace.pyrocko_trace()
4526 elif get == 'results':
4527 yield source, target, result
4529 def snuffle(self, **kwargs):
4530 '''
4531 Open *snuffler* with requested traces.
4532 '''
4534 trace.snuffle(self.pyrocko_traces(), **kwargs)
4537class Engine(Object):
4538 '''
4539 Base class for synthetic seismogram calculators.
4540 '''
4542 def get_store_ids(self):
4543 '''
4544 Get list of available GF store IDs
4545 '''
4547 return []
4550class Rule(object):
4551 pass
4554class VectorRule(Rule):
4556 def __init__(self, quantity, differentiate=0, integrate=0):
4557 self.components = [quantity + '.' + c for c in 'ned']
4558 self.differentiate = differentiate
4559 self.integrate = integrate
4561 def required_components(self, target):
4562 n, e, d = self.components
4563 sa, ca, sd, cd = target.get_sin_cos_factors()
4565 comps = []
4566 if nonzero(ca * cd):
4567 comps.append(n)
4569 if nonzero(sa * cd):
4570 comps.append(e)
4572 if nonzero(sd):
4573 comps.append(d)
4575 return tuple(comps)
4577 def apply_(self, target, base_seismogram):
4578 n, e, d = self.components
4579 sa, ca, sd, cd = target.get_sin_cos_factors()
4581 if nonzero(ca * cd):
4582 data = base_seismogram[n].data * (ca * cd)
4583 deltat = base_seismogram[n].deltat
4584 else:
4585 data = 0.0
4587 if nonzero(sa * cd):
4588 data = data + base_seismogram[e].data * (sa * cd)
4589 deltat = base_seismogram[e].deltat
4591 if nonzero(sd):
4592 data = data + base_seismogram[d].data * sd
4593 deltat = base_seismogram[d].deltat
4595 if self.differentiate:
4596 data = util.diff_fd(self.differentiate, 4, deltat, data)
4598 if self.integrate:
4599 raise NotImplementedError('Integration is not implemented yet.')
4601 return data
4604class HorizontalVectorRule(Rule):
4606 def __init__(self, quantity, differentiate=0, integrate=0):
4607 self.components = [quantity + '.' + c for c in 'ne']
4608 self.differentiate = differentiate
4609 self.integrate = integrate
4611 def required_components(self, target):
4612 n, e = self.components
4613 sa, ca, _, _ = target.get_sin_cos_factors()
4615 comps = []
4616 if nonzero(ca):
4617 comps.append(n)
4619 if nonzero(sa):
4620 comps.append(e)
4622 return tuple(comps)
4624 def apply_(self, target, base_seismogram):
4625 n, e = self.components
4626 sa, ca, _, _ = target.get_sin_cos_factors()
4628 if nonzero(ca):
4629 data = base_seismogram[n].data * ca
4630 else:
4631 data = 0.0
4633 if nonzero(sa):
4634 data = data + base_seismogram[e].data * sa
4636 if self.differentiate:
4637 deltat = base_seismogram[e].deltat
4638 data = util.diff_fd(self.differentiate, 4, deltat, data)
4640 if self.integrate:
4641 raise NotImplementedError('Integration is not implemented yet.')
4643 return data
4646class ScalarRule(Rule):
4648 def __init__(self, quantity, differentiate=0):
4649 self.c = quantity
4651 def required_components(self, target):
4652 return (self.c, )
4654 def apply_(self, target, base_seismogram):
4655 data = base_seismogram[self.c].data.copy()
4656 deltat = base_seismogram[self.c].deltat
4657 if self.differentiate:
4658 data = util.diff_fd(self.differentiate, 4, deltat, data)
4660 return data
4663class StaticDisplacement(Rule):
4665 def required_components(self, target):
4666 return tuple(['displacement.%s' % c for c in list('ned')])
4668 def apply_(self, target, base_statics):
4669 if isinstance(target, SatelliteTarget):
4670 los_fac = target.get_los_factors()
4671 base_statics['displacement.los'] =\
4672 (los_fac[:, 0] * -base_statics['displacement.d'] +
4673 los_fac[:, 1] * base_statics['displacement.e'] +
4674 los_fac[:, 2] * base_statics['displacement.n'])
4675 return base_statics
4678channel_rules = {
4679 'displacement': [VectorRule('displacement')],
4680 'rotation': [VectorRule('rotation')],
4681 'velocity': [
4682 VectorRule('velocity'),
4683 VectorRule('displacement', differentiate=1)],
4684 'acceleration': [
4685 VectorRule('acceleration'),
4686 VectorRule('velocity', differentiate=1),
4687 VectorRule('displacement', differentiate=2)],
4688 'pore_pressure': [ScalarRule('pore_pressure')],
4689 'vertical_tilt': [HorizontalVectorRule('vertical_tilt')],
4690 'darcy_velocity': [VectorRule('darcy_velocity')],
4691}
4693static_rules = {
4694 'displacement': [StaticDisplacement()]
4695}
4698class OutOfBoundsContext(Object):
4699 source = Source.T()
4700 target = Target.T()
4701 distance = Float.T()
4702 components = List.T(String.T())
4705def process_dynamic_timeseries(work, psources, ptargets, engine, nthreads=0):
4706 dsource_cache = {}
4707 tcounters = list(range(6))
4709 store_ids = set()
4710 sources = set()
4711 targets = set()
4713 for itarget, target in enumerate(ptargets):
4714 target._id = itarget
4716 for w in work:
4717 _, _, isources, itargets = w
4719 sources.update([psources[isource] for isource in isources])
4720 targets.update([ptargets[itarget] for itarget in itargets])
4722 store_ids = set([t.store_id for t in targets])
4724 for isource, source in enumerate(psources):
4726 components = set()
4727 for itarget, target in enumerate(targets):
4728 rule = engine.get_rule(source, target)
4729 components.update(rule.required_components(target))
4731 for store_id in store_ids:
4732 store_targets = [t for t in targets if t.store_id == store_id]
4734 sample_rates = set([t.sample_rate for t in store_targets])
4735 interpolations = set([t.interpolation for t in store_targets])
4737 base_seismograms = []
4738 store_targets_out = []
4740 for samp_rate in sample_rates:
4741 for interp in interpolations:
4742 engine_targets = [
4743 t for t in store_targets if t.sample_rate == samp_rate
4744 and t.interpolation == interp]
4746 if not engine_targets:
4747 continue
4749 store_targets_out += engine_targets
4751 base_seismograms += engine.base_seismograms(
4752 source,
4753 engine_targets,
4754 components,
4755 dsource_cache,
4756 nthreads)
4758 for iseis, seismogram in enumerate(base_seismograms):
4759 for tr in seismogram.values():
4760 if tr.err != store.SeismosizerErrorEnum.SUCCESS:
4761 e = SeismosizerError(
4762 'Seismosizer failed with return code %i\n%s' % (
4763 tr.err, str(
4764 OutOfBoundsContext(
4765 source=source,
4766 target=store_targets[iseis],
4767 distance=source.distance_to(
4768 store_targets[iseis]),
4769 components=components))))
4770 raise e
4772 for seismogram, target in zip(base_seismograms, store_targets_out):
4774 try:
4775 result = engine._post_process_dynamic(
4776 seismogram, source, target)
4777 except SeismosizerError as e:
4778 result = e
4780 yield (isource, target._id, result), tcounters
4783def process_dynamic(work, psources, ptargets, engine, nthreads=0):
4784 dsource_cache = {}
4786 for w in work:
4787 _, _, isources, itargets = w
4789 sources = [psources[isource] for isource in isources]
4790 targets = [ptargets[itarget] for itarget in itargets]
4792 components = set()
4793 for target in targets:
4794 rule = engine.get_rule(sources[0], target)
4795 components.update(rule.required_components(target))
4797 for isource, source in zip(isources, sources):
4798 for itarget, target in zip(itargets, targets):
4800 try:
4801 base_seismogram, tcounters = engine.base_seismogram(
4802 source, target, components, dsource_cache, nthreads)
4803 except meta.OutOfBounds as e:
4804 e.context = OutOfBoundsContext(
4805 source=sources[0],
4806 target=targets[0],
4807 distance=sources[0].distance_to(targets[0]),
4808 components=components)
4809 raise
4811 n_records_stacked = 0
4812 t_optimize = 0.0
4813 t_stack = 0.0
4815 for _, tr in base_seismogram.items():
4816 n_records_stacked += tr.n_records_stacked
4817 t_optimize += tr.t_optimize
4818 t_stack += tr.t_stack
4820 try:
4821 result = engine._post_process_dynamic(
4822 base_seismogram, source, target)
4823 result.n_records_stacked = n_records_stacked
4824 result.n_shared_stacking = len(sources) *\
4825 len(targets)
4826 result.t_optimize = t_optimize
4827 result.t_stack = t_stack
4828 except SeismosizerError as e:
4829 result = e
4831 tcounters.append(xtime())
4832 yield (isource, itarget, result), tcounters
4835def process_static(work, psources, ptargets, engine, nthreads=0):
4836 for w in work:
4837 _, _, isources, itargets = w
4839 sources = [psources[isource] for isource in isources]
4840 targets = [ptargets[itarget] for itarget in itargets]
4842 for isource, source in zip(isources, sources):
4843 for itarget, target in zip(itargets, targets):
4844 components = engine.get_rule(source, target)\
4845 .required_components(target)
4847 try:
4848 base_statics, tcounters = engine.base_statics(
4849 source, target, components, nthreads)
4850 except meta.OutOfBounds as e:
4851 e.context = OutOfBoundsContext(
4852 source=sources[0],
4853 target=targets[0],
4854 distance=float('nan'),
4855 components=components)
4856 raise
4857 result = engine._post_process_statics(
4858 base_statics, source, target)
4859 tcounters.append(xtime())
4861 yield (isource, itarget, result), tcounters
4864class LocalEngine(Engine):
4865 '''
4866 Offline synthetic seismogram calculator.
4868 :param use_env: if ``True``, fill :py:attr:`store_superdirs` and
4869 :py:attr:`store_dirs` with paths set in environment variables
4870 GF_STORE_SUPERDIRS and GF_STORE_DIRS.
4871 :param use_config: if ``True``, fill :py:attr:`store_superdirs` and
4872 :py:attr:`store_dirs` with paths set in the user's config file.
4874 The config file can be found at :file:`~/.pyrocko/config.pf`
4876 .. code-block :: python
4878 gf_store_dirs: ['/home/pyrocko/gf_stores/ak135/']
4879 gf_store_superdirs: ['/home/pyrocko/gf_stores/']
4880 '''
4882 store_superdirs = List.T(
4883 String.T(),
4884 help='directories which are searched for Green\'s function stores')
4886 store_dirs = List.T(
4887 String.T(),
4888 help='additional individual Green\'s function store directories')
4890 default_store_id = String.T(
4891 optional=True,
4892 help='default store ID to be used when a request does not provide '
4893 'one')
4895 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
4896 use_env = kwargs.pop('use_env', False)
4897 use_config = kwargs.pop('use_config', False)
4898 Engine.__init__(self, **kwargs)
4899 if use_env:
4900 env_store_superdirs = os.environ.get('GF_STORE_SUPERDIRS', '')
4901 env_store_dirs = os.environ.get('GF_STORE_DIRS', '')
4902 if env_store_superdirs:
4903 self.store_superdirs.extend(env_store_superdirs.split(':'))
4905 if env_store_dirs:
4906 self.store_dirs.extend(env_store_dirs.split(':'))
4908 if use_config:
4909 c = config.config()
4910 self.store_superdirs.extend(c.gf_store_superdirs)
4911 self.store_dirs.extend(c.gf_store_dirs)
4913 self._check_store_dirs_type()
4914 self._id_to_store_dir = {}
4915 self._open_stores = {}
4916 self._effective_default_store_id = None
4918 def _check_store_dirs_type(self):
4919 for sdir in ['store_dirs', 'store_superdirs']:
4920 if not isinstance(self.__getattribute__(sdir), list):
4921 raise TypeError("{} of {} is not of type list".format(
4922 sdir, self.__class__.__name__))
4924 def _get_store_id(self, store_dir):
4925 store_ = store.Store(store_dir)
4926 store_id = store_.config.id
4927 store_.close()
4928 return store_id
4930 def _looks_like_store_dir(self, store_dir):
4931 return os.path.isdir(store_dir) and \
4932 all(os.path.isfile(pjoin(store_dir, x)) for x in
4933 ('index', 'traces', 'config'))
4935 def iter_store_dirs(self):
4936 store_dirs = set()
4937 for d in self.store_superdirs:
4938 if not os.path.exists(d):
4939 logger.warning('store_superdir not available: %s' % d)
4940 continue
4942 for entry in os.listdir(d):
4943 store_dir = os.path.realpath(pjoin(d, entry))
4944 if self._looks_like_store_dir(store_dir):
4945 store_dirs.add(store_dir)
4947 for store_dir in self.store_dirs:
4948 store_dirs.add(os.path.realpath(store_dir))
4950 return store_dirs
4952 def _scan_stores(self):
4953 for store_dir in self.iter_store_dirs():
4954 store_id = self._get_store_id(store_dir)
4955 if store_id not in self._id_to_store_dir:
4956 self._id_to_store_dir[store_id] = store_dir
4957 else:
4958 if store_dir != self._id_to_store_dir[store_id]:
4959 raise DuplicateStoreId(
4960 'GF store ID %s is used in (at least) two '
4961 'different stores. Locations are: %s and %s' %
4962 (store_id, self._id_to_store_dir[store_id], store_dir))
4964 def get_store_dir(self, store_id):
4965 '''
4966 Lookup directory given a GF store ID.
4967 '''
4969 if store_id not in self._id_to_store_dir:
4970 self._scan_stores()
4972 if store_id not in self._id_to_store_dir:
4973 raise NoSuchStore(store_id, self.iter_store_dirs())
4975 return self._id_to_store_dir[store_id]
4977 def get_store_ids(self):
4978 '''
4979 Get list of available store IDs.
4980 '''
4982 self._scan_stores()
4983 return sorted(self._id_to_store_dir.keys())
4985 def effective_default_store_id(self):
4986 if self._effective_default_store_id is None:
4987 if self.default_store_id is None:
4988 store_ids = self.get_store_ids()
4989 if len(store_ids) == 1:
4990 self._effective_default_store_id = self.get_store_ids()[0]
4991 else:
4992 raise NoDefaultStoreSet()
4993 else:
4994 self._effective_default_store_id = self.default_store_id
4996 return self._effective_default_store_id
4998 def get_store(self, store_id=None):
4999 '''
5000 Get a store from the engine.
5002 :param store_id: identifier of the store (optional)
5003 :returns: :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store` object
5005 If no ``store_id`` is provided the store
5006 associated with the :py:gattr:`default_store_id` is returned.
5007 Raises :py:exc:`NoDefaultStoreSet` if :py:gattr:`default_store_id` is
5008 undefined.
5009 '''
5011 if store_id is None:
5012 store_id = self.effective_default_store_id()
5014 if store_id not in self._open_stores:
5015 store_dir = self.get_store_dir(store_id)
5016 self._open_stores[store_id] = store.Store(store_dir)
5018 return self._open_stores[store_id]
5020 def get_store_config(self, store_id):
5021 store = self.get_store(store_id)
5022 return store.config
5024 def get_store_extra(self, store_id, key):
5025 store = self.get_store(store_id)
5026 return store.get_extra(key)
5028 def close_cashed_stores(self):
5029 '''
5030 Close and remove ids from cashed stores.
5031 '''
5032 store_ids = []
5033 for store_id, store_ in self._open_stores.items():
5034 store_.close()
5035 store_ids.append(store_id)
5037 for store_id in store_ids:
5038 self._open_stores.pop(store_id)
5040 def get_rule(self, source, target):
5041 cprovided = self.get_store(target.store_id).get_provided_components()
5043 if isinstance(target, StaticTarget):
5044 quantity = target.quantity
5045 available_rules = static_rules
5046 elif isinstance(target, Target):
5047 quantity = target.effective_quantity()
5048 available_rules = channel_rules
5050 try:
5051 for rule in available_rules[quantity]:
5052 cneeded = rule.required_components(target)
5053 if all(c in cprovided for c in cneeded):
5054 return rule
5056 except KeyError:
5057 pass
5059 raise BadRequest(
5060 'No rule to calculate "%s" with GFs from store "%s" '
5061 'for source model "%s".' % (
5062 target.effective_quantity(),
5063 target.store_id,
5064 source.__class__.__name__))
5066 def _cached_discretize_basesource(self, source, store, cache, target):
5067 if (source, store) not in cache:
5068 cache[source, store] = source.discretize_basesource(store, target)
5070 return cache[source, store]
5072 def base_seismograms(self, source, targets, components, dsource_cache,
5073 nthreads=0):
5075 target = targets[0]
5077 interp = set([t.interpolation for t in targets])
5078 if len(interp) > 1:
5079 raise BadRequest('Targets have different interpolation schemes.')
5081 rates = set([t.sample_rate for t in targets])
5082 if len(rates) > 1:
5083 raise BadRequest('Targets have different sample rates.')
5085 store_ = self.get_store(target.store_id)
5086 receivers = [t.receiver(store_) for t in targets]
5088 if target.sample_rate is not None:
5089 deltat = 1. / target.sample_rate
5090 rate = target.sample_rate
5091 else:
5092 deltat = None
5093 rate = store_.config.sample_rate
5095 tmin = num.fromiter(
5096 (t.tmin for t in targets), dtype=float, count=len(targets))
5097 tmax = num.fromiter(
5098 (t.tmax for t in targets), dtype=float, count=len(targets))
5100 itmin = num.floor(tmin * rate).astype(num.int64)
5101 itmax = num.ceil(tmax * rate).astype(num.int64)
5102 nsamples = itmax - itmin + 1
5104 mask = num.isnan(tmin)
5105 itmin[mask] = 0
5106 nsamples[mask] = -1
5108 base_source = self._cached_discretize_basesource(
5109 source, store_, dsource_cache, target)
5111 base_seismograms = store_.calc_seismograms(
5112 base_source, receivers, components,
5113 deltat=deltat,
5114 itmin=itmin, nsamples=nsamples,
5115 interpolation=target.interpolation,
5116 optimization=target.optimization,
5117 nthreads=nthreads)
5119 for i, base_seismogram in enumerate(base_seismograms):
5120 base_seismograms[i] = store.make_same_span(base_seismogram)
5122 return base_seismograms
5124 def base_seismogram(self, source, target, components, dsource_cache,
5125 nthreads):
5127 tcounters = [xtime()]
5129 store_ = self.get_store(target.store_id)
5130 receiver = target.receiver(store_)
5132 if target.tmin and target.tmax is not None:
5133 rate = store_.config.sample_rate
5134 itmin = int(num.floor(target.tmin * rate))
5135 itmax = int(num.ceil(target.tmax * rate))
5136 nsamples = itmax - itmin + 1
5137 else:
5138 itmin = None
5139 nsamples = None
5141 tcounters.append(xtime())
5142 base_source = self._cached_discretize_basesource(
5143 source, store_, dsource_cache, target)
5145 tcounters.append(xtime())
5147 if target.sample_rate is not None:
5148 deltat = 1. / target.sample_rate
5149 else:
5150 deltat = None
5152 base_seismogram = store_.seismogram(
5153 base_source, receiver, components,
5154 deltat=deltat,
5155 itmin=itmin, nsamples=nsamples,
5156 interpolation=target.interpolation,
5157 optimization=target.optimization,
5158 nthreads=nthreads)
5160 tcounters.append(xtime())
5162 base_seismogram = store.make_same_span(base_seismogram)
5164 tcounters.append(xtime())
5166 return base_seismogram, tcounters
5168 def base_statics(self, source, target, components, nthreads):
5169 tcounters = [xtime()]
5170 store_ = self.get_store(target.store_id)
5172 if target.tsnapshot is not None:
5173 rate = store_.config.sample_rate
5174 itsnapshot = int(num.floor(target.tsnapshot * rate))
5175 else:
5176 itsnapshot = None
5177 tcounters.append(xtime())
5179 base_source = source.discretize_basesource(store_, target=target)
5181 tcounters.append(xtime())
5183 base_statics = store_.statics(
5184 base_source,
5185 target,
5186 itsnapshot,
5187 components,
5188 target.interpolation,
5189 nthreads)
5191 tcounters.append(xtime())
5193 return base_statics, tcounters
5195 def _post_process_dynamic(self, base_seismogram, source, target):
5196 base_any = next(iter(base_seismogram.values()))
5197 deltat = base_any.deltat
5198 itmin = base_any.itmin
5200 rule = self.get_rule(source, target)
5201 data = rule.apply_(target, base_seismogram)
5203 factor = source.get_factor() * target.get_factor()
5204 if factor != 1.0:
5205 data = data * factor
5207 stf = source.effective_stf_post()
5209 times, amplitudes = stf.discretize_t(
5210 deltat, 0.0)
5212 # repeat end point to prevent boundary effects
5213 padded_data = num.empty(data.size + amplitudes.size, dtype=float)
5214 padded_data[:data.size] = data
5215 padded_data[data.size:] = data[-1]
5216 data = num.convolve(amplitudes, padded_data)
5218 tmin = itmin * deltat + times[0]
5220 tr = meta.SeismosizerTrace(
5221 codes=target.codes,
5222 data=data[:-amplitudes.size],
5223 deltat=deltat,
5224 tmin=tmin)
5226 return target.post_process(self, source, tr)
5228 def _post_process_statics(self, base_statics, source, starget):
5229 rule = self.get_rule(source, starget)
5230 data = rule.apply_(starget, base_statics)
5232 factor = source.get_factor()
5233 if factor != 1.0:
5234 for v in data.values():
5235 v *= factor
5237 return starget.post_process(self, source, base_statics)
5239 def process(self, *args, **kwargs):
5240 '''
5241 Process a request.
5243 ::
5245 process(**kwargs)
5246 process(request, **kwargs)
5247 process(sources, targets, **kwargs)
5249 The request can be given a a :py:class:`Request` object, or such an
5250 object is created using ``Request(**kwargs)`` for convenience.
5252 :returns: :py:class:`Response` object
5253 '''
5255 if len(args) not in (0, 1, 2):
5256 raise BadRequest('Invalid arguments.')
5258 if len(args) == 1:
5259 kwargs['request'] = args[0]
5261 elif len(args) == 2:
5262 kwargs.update(Request.args2kwargs(args))
5264 request = kwargs.pop('request', None)
5265 status_callback = kwargs.pop('status_callback', None)
5266 calc_timeseries = kwargs.pop('calc_timeseries', True)
5268 nprocs = kwargs.pop('nprocs', None)
5269 nthreads = kwargs.pop('nthreads', 1)
5270 if nprocs is not None:
5271 nthreads = nprocs
5273 if request is None:
5274 request = Request(**kwargs)
5276 if resource:
5277 rs0 = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF)
5278 rc0 = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_CHILDREN)
5279 tt0 = xtime()
5281 # make sure stores are open before fork()
5282 store_ids = set(target.store_id for target in request.targets)
5283 for store_id in store_ids:
5284 self.get_store(store_id)
5286 source_index = dict((x, i) for (i, x) in
5287 enumerate(request.sources))
5288 target_index = dict((x, i) for (i, x) in
5289 enumerate(request.targets))
5291 m = request.subrequest_map()
5293 skeys = sorted(m.keys(), key=cmp_to_key(cmp_none_aware))
5294 results_list = []
5296 for i in range(len(request.sources)):
5297 results_list.append([None] * len(request.targets))
5299 tcounters_dyn_list = []
5300 tcounters_static_list = []
5301 nsub = len(skeys)
5302 isub = 0
5304 # Processing dynamic targets through
5305 # parimap(process_subrequest_dynamic)
5307 if calc_timeseries:
5308 _process_dynamic = process_dynamic_timeseries
5309 else:
5310 _process_dynamic = process_dynamic
5312 if request.has_dynamic:
5313 work_dynamic = [
5314 (i, nsub,
5315 [source_index[source] for source in m[k][0]],
5316 [target_index[target] for target in m[k][1]
5317 if not isinstance(target, StaticTarget)])
5318 for (i, k) in enumerate(skeys)]
5320 for ii_results, tcounters_dyn in _process_dynamic(
5321 work_dynamic, request.sources, request.targets, self,
5322 nthreads):
5324 tcounters_dyn_list.append(num.diff(tcounters_dyn))
5325 isource, itarget, result = ii_results
5326 results_list[isource][itarget] = result
5328 if status_callback:
5329 status_callback(isub, nsub)
5331 isub += 1
5333 # Processing static targets through process_static
5334 if request.has_statics:
5335 work_static = [
5336 (i, nsub,
5337 [source_index[source] for source in m[k][0]],
5338 [target_index[target] for target in m[k][1]
5339 if isinstance(target, StaticTarget)])
5340 for (i, k) in enumerate(skeys)]
5342 for ii_results, tcounters_static in process_static(
5343 work_static, request.sources, request.targets, self,
5344 nthreads=nthreads):
5346 tcounters_static_list.append(num.diff(tcounters_static))
5347 isource, itarget, result = ii_results
5348 results_list[isource][itarget] = result
5350 if status_callback:
5351 status_callback(isub, nsub)
5353 isub += 1
5355 if status_callback:
5356 status_callback(nsub, nsub)
5358 tt1 = time.time()
5359 if resource:
5360 rs1 = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF)
5361 rc1 = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_CHILDREN)
5363 s = ProcessingStats()
5365 if request.has_dynamic:
5366 tcumu_dyn = num.sum(num.vstack(tcounters_dyn_list), axis=0)
5367 t_dyn = float(num.sum(tcumu_dyn))
5368 perc_dyn = map(float, tcumu_dyn / t_dyn * 100.)
5369 (s.t_perc_get_store_and_receiver,
5370 s.t_perc_discretize_source,
5371 s.t_perc_make_base_seismogram,
5372 s.t_perc_make_same_span,
5373 s.t_perc_post_process) = perc_dyn
5374 else:
5375 t_dyn = 0.
5377 if request.has_statics:
5378 tcumu_static = num.sum(num.vstack(tcounters_static_list), axis=0)
5379 t_static = num.sum(tcumu_static)
5380 perc_static = map(float, tcumu_static / t_static * 100.)
5381 (s.t_perc_static_get_store,
5382 s.t_perc_static_discretize_basesource,
5383 s.t_perc_static_sum_statics,
5384 s.t_perc_static_post_process) = perc_static
5386 s.t_wallclock = tt1 - tt0
5387 if resource:
5388 s.t_cpu = (
5389 (rs1.ru_utime + rs1.ru_stime + rc1.ru_utime + rc1.ru_stime) -
5390 (rs0.ru_utime + rs0.ru_stime + rc0.ru_utime + rc0.ru_stime))
5391 s.n_read_blocks = (
5392 (rs1.ru_inblock + rc1.ru_inblock) -
5393 (rs0.ru_inblock + rc0.ru_inblock))
5395 n_records_stacked = 0.
5396 for results in results_list:
5397 for result in results:
5398 if not isinstance(result, meta.Result):
5399 continue
5400 shr = float(result.n_shared_stacking)
5401 n_records_stacked += result.n_records_stacked / shr
5402 s.t_perc_optimize += result.t_optimize / shr
5403 s.t_perc_stack += result.t_stack / shr
5404 s.n_records_stacked = int(n_records_stacked)
5405 if t_dyn != 0.:
5406 s.t_perc_optimize /= t_dyn * 100
5407 s.t_perc_stack /= t_dyn * 100
5409 return Response(
5410 request=request,
5411 results_list=results_list,
5412 stats=s)
5415class RemoteEngine(Engine):
5416 '''
5417 Client for remote synthetic seismogram calculator.
5418 '''
5420 site = String.T(default=ws.g_default_site, optional=True)
5421 url = String.T(default=ws.g_url, optional=True)
5423 def process(self, request=None, status_callback=None, **kwargs):
5425 if request is None:
5426 request = Request(**kwargs)
5428 return ws.seismosizer(url=self.url, site=self.site, request=request)
5431g_engine = None
5434def get_engine(store_superdirs=[]):
5435 global g_engine
5436 if g_engine is None:
5437 g_engine = LocalEngine(use_env=True, use_config=True)
5439 for d in store_superdirs:
5440 if d not in g_engine.store_superdirs:
5441 g_engine.store_superdirs.append(d)
5443 return g_engine
5446class SourceGroup(Object):
5448 def __getattr__(self, k):
5449 return num.fromiter((getattr(s, k) for s in self),
5450 dtype=float)
5452 def __iter__(self):
5453 raise NotImplementedError(
5454 'This method should be implemented in subclass.')
5456 def __len__(self):
5457 raise NotImplementedError(
5458 'This method should be implemented in subclass.')
5461class SourceList(SourceGroup):
5462 sources = List.T(Source.T())
5464 def append(self, s):
5465 self.sources.append(s)
5467 def __iter__(self):
5468 return iter(self.sources)
5470 def __len__(self):
5471 return len(self.sources)
5474class SourceGrid(SourceGroup):
5476 base = Source.T()
5477 variables = Dict.T(String.T(), Range.T())
5478 order = List.T(String.T())
5480 def __len__(self):
5481 n = 1
5482 for (k, v) in self.make_coords(self.base):
5483 n *= len(list(v))
5485 return n
5487 def __iter__(self):
5488 for items in permudef(self.make_coords(self.base)):
5489 s = self.base.clone(**{k: v for (k, v) in items})
5490 s.regularize()
5491 yield s
5493 def ordered_params(self):
5494 ks = list(self.variables.keys())
5495 for k in self.order + list(self.base.keys()):
5496 if k in ks:
5497 yield k
5498 ks.remove(k)
5499 if ks:
5500 raise Exception('Invalid parameter "%s" for source type "%s".' %
5501 (ks[0], self.base.__class__.__name__))
5503 def make_coords(self, base):
5504 return [(param, self.variables[param].make(base=base[param]))
5505 for param in self.ordered_params()]
5508source_classes = [
5509 Source,
5510 SourceWithMagnitude,
5511 SourceWithDerivedMagnitude,
5512 ExplosionSource,
5513 RectangularExplosionSource,
5514 DCSource,
5515 CLVDSource,
5516 VLVDSource,
5517 MTSource,
5518 RectangularSource,
5519 PseudoDynamicRupture,
5520 DoubleDCSource,
5521 RingfaultSource,
5522 CombiSource,
5523 SFSource,
5524 PorePressurePointSource,
5525 PorePressureLineSource,
5526]
5528stf_classes = [
5529 STF,
5530 BoxcarSTF,
5531 TriangularSTF,
5532 HalfSinusoidSTF,
5533 ResonatorSTF,
5534]
5536__all__ = '''
5537SeismosizerError
5538BadRequest
5539NoSuchStore
5540DerivedMagnitudeError
5541STFMode
5542'''.split() + [S.__name__ for S in source_classes + stf_classes] + '''
5543Request
5544ProcessingStats
5545Response
5546Engine
5547LocalEngine
5548RemoteEngine
5549source_classes
5550get_engine
5551Range
5552SourceGroup
5553SourceList
5554SourceGrid
5555map_anchor
5556'''.split()