1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

200

201

202

203

204

205

206

207

208

209

210

211

212

213

214

215

216

217

218

219

220

221

222

223

224

225

226

227

228

229

230

231

232

233

234

235

236

237

238

239

240

241

242

243

244

245

246

247

248

249

250

251

252

253

254

255

256

257

258

259

260

261

262

263

264

265

266

267

268

269

270

271

272

273

274

275

276

277

278

279

280

281

282

283

284

285

286

287

288

289

290

291

292

293

294

295

296

297

298

299

300

301

302

303

304

305

306

307

308

309

310

311

312

313

314

315

316

317

318

319

320

321

322

323

324

325

326

327

328

329

330

331

332

333

334

335

336

337

338

339

340

341

342

343

344

345

346

347

348

349

350

351

352

353

354

355

356

357

358

359

360

361

362

363

364

365

366

367

368

369

370

371

372

373

374

375

376

377

378

379

380

381

382

383

384

385

386

387

388

389

390

391

392

393

394

395

396

397

398

399

400

401

402

403

404

405

406

407

408

409

410

411

412

413

414

415

416

417

418

419

420

421

422

423

424

425

426

427

428

429

430

431

432

433

434

435

436

437

438

439

440

441

442

443

444

445

446

447

448

449

450

451

452

453

454

455

456

457

458

459

460

461

462

463

464

465

466

467

468

469

470

471

472

473

474

475

476

477

478

479

480

481

482

483

484

485

486

487

488

489

490

491

492

493

494

495

496

497

498

499

500

501

502

503

504

505

506

507

508

509

510

511

512

513

514

515

516

517

518

519

520

521

522

523

524

525

526

527

528

529

530

531

532

533

534

535

536

537

538

539

540

541

542

543

544

545

546

547

548

549

550

551

552

553

554

555

556

557

558

559

560

561

562

563

564

565

566

567

568

569

570

571

572

573

574

575

576

577

578

579

580

581

582

583

584

585

586

587

588

589

590

591

592

593

594

595

596

597

# http://pyrocko.org - GPLv3 

# 

# The Pyrocko Developers, 21st Century 

# ---|P------/S----------~Lg---------- 

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 

from __future__ import absolute_import, division 

 

import logging 

import os 

import shutil 

from tempfile import mkdtemp 

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE 

from os.path import join as pjoin 

 

import numpy as num 

 

from pyrocko.guts import Object, Float, Int, List, String 

from pyrocko.guts_array import Array 

from pyrocko import trace, util, gf 

 

guts_prefix = 'pf' 

 

logger = logging.getLogger('pyrocko.fomosto.poel') 

 

# how to call the programs 

program_bins = { 

'poel': 'poel', 

} 

 

 

def have_backend(): 

for cmd in [[exe] for exe in program_bins.values()]: 

try: 

p = Popen(cmd, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE, stdin=PIPE) 

(stdout, stderr) = p.communicate() 

 

except OSError: 

return False 

 

return True 

 

 

poel_components = 'uz ur ezz err ett ezr tlt pp dvz dvr'.split() 

 

 

def str_float_vals(vals): 

return ' '.join(['%e' % val for val in vals]) 

 

 

def str_int_vals(vals): 

return ' '.join(['%i' % val for val in vals]) 

 

 

def str_str_vals(vals): 

return ' '.join(["'%s'" % val for val in vals]) 

 

 

def str_complex_vals(vals): 

return ', '.join(['(%e, %e)' % (val.real, val.imag) for val in vals]) 

 

 

class PoelSourceFunction(Object): 

data = Array.T(shape=(None, 2), dtype=float) 

 

def string_for_config(self): 

return '\n'.join([ 

'%i %s' % (i+1, str_float_vals(row)) 

for (i, row) in enumerate(self.data)]) 

 

 

class PoelModel(Object): 

data = Array.T(shape=(None, 6), dtype=float) 

 

def string_for_config(self): 

srows = [] 

for i, row in enumerate(self.data): 

srows.append('%i %s' % (i+1, str_float_vals(row))) 

 

return '\n'.join(srows) 

 

def get_nlines(self): 

return self.data.shape[0] 

 

 

class PoelConfig(Object): 

s_radius = Float.T(default=0.0) 

s_type = Int.T(default=0) 

source_function_p = Float.T(default=1.0) 

source_function_i = PoelSourceFunction.T( 

default=PoelSourceFunction.D( 

data=num.array([[0., 0.], [10., 1.]], dtype=float))) 

 

t_window = Float.T(default=500.) 

accuracy = Float.T(default=0.025) 

isurfcon = Int.T(default=1) 

model = PoelModel.T( 

default=PoelModel(data=num.array([[ 

0.00, 0.4E+09, 0.2, 0.4, 0.75, 5.00]], dtype=float))) 

 

def items(self): 

return dict(self.T.inamevals(self)) 

 

 

class PoelConfigFull(PoelConfig): 

s_start_depth = Float.T(default=25.0) 

s_end_depth = Float.T(default=25.0) 

 

sw_equidistant_z = Int.T(default=1) 

no_depths = Int.T(default=10) 

depths = Array.T( 

shape=(None,), 

dtype=float, 

default=num.array([10.0, 100.0], dtype=float)) 

sw_equidistant_x = Int.T(default=1) 

no_distances = Int.T(default=10) 

distances = Array.T( 

shape=(None,), 

dtype=float, 

default=num.array([10., 100.])) 

 

no_t_samples = Int.T(default=51) 

t_files = List.T(String.T(), default=[x+'.t' for x in poel_components]) 

sw_t_files = List.T(Int.T(), default=[1 for x in poel_components]) 

 

def get_output_filenames(self, rundir): 

return [pjoin(rundir, fn) for fn in self.t_files] 

 

def string_for_config(self): 

 

d = self.__dict__.copy() 

 

if not self.sw_equidistant_x: 

d['no_distances'] = len(self.distances) 

d['str_distances'] = str_float_vals(self.distances) 

 

if not self.sw_equidistant_z: 

d['no_depths'] = len(self.depths) 

d['str_depths'] = str_float_vals(self.depths) 

 

d['sw_t_files_1_2'] = ' '.join( 

['%i' % i for i in self.sw_t_files[0:2]]) 

d['t_files_1_2'] = ' '.join( 

["'%s'" % s for s in self.t_files[0:2]]) 

d['sw_t_files_3_7'] = ' '.join( 

['%i' % i for i in self.sw_t_files[2:7]]) 

d['t_files_3_7'] = ' '.join( 

["'%s'" % s for s in self.t_files[2:7]]) 

d['sw_t_files_8_10'] = ' '.join( 

['%i' % i for i in self.sw_t_files[7:10]]) 

d['t_files_8_10'] = ' '.join( 

["'%s'" % s for s in self.t_files[7:10]]) 

 

d['no_model_lines'] = self.model.get_nlines() 

 

if self.s_type == 0: 

d['source_function'] = str(self.source_function_p) 

elif self.s_type == 1: 

d['source_function'] = self.source_function_i.string_for_config() 

 

d['model'] = self.model.string_for_config() 

 

template = ''' 

# This is the input file of FORTRAN77 program "poel06" for modeling 

# coupled deformation-diffusion processes based on a multi-layered (half- 

# or full-space) poroelastic media induced by an injection (pump) of 

# from a borehole or by a (point) reservoir loading. 

# 

# by R. Wang, 

# GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam 

# e-mail: wang@gfz-potsdam.de 

# phone 0049 331 2881209 

# fax 0049 331 2881204 

# 

# Last modified: Potsdam, July, 2012 

# 

############################################################## 

## ## 

## Cylindrical coordinates (Z positive downwards!) are used ## 

## If not others specified, SI Unit System is used overall! ## 

## ## 

## Tilt is positive when the upper end of a borehole tilt- ## 

## meter body moves away from the pumping well. ## 

## ## 

############################################################## 

# 

############################################################################### 

# 

# SOURCE PARAMETERS A: SOURCE GEOMETRY 

# ==================================== 

# 1. source top and bottom depth [m] 

# Note: top depth < bottom depth for a vertical line source 

# top depth = bottom depth for a vertical point source 

# 

# ! whole source screen should be within a homogeneous layer, and ! 

# ! both top and bottom should not coincide with any interface of ! 

# ! the model used (see below) ! 

# 

# 2. source radius (> 0) [m] 

# Note: source radius > 0 for a horizontal disk source 

# source radius = 0 for a horizontal point source 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

%(s_start_depth)g %(s_end_depth)g |dble: s_top_depth, s_bottom_de 

%(s_radius)g |dble: s_radius; 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

# 

# SOURCE PARAMETERS B: SOURCE TYPE 

# ================================ 

# 1. selection of source type: 

# 0 = initial excess pore pressure within the source volume 

# (initial value problem) 

# 1 = injection within the source volume 

# (boundary value problem) 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

%(s_type)i |int: sw_source_type; 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

%(source_function)s 

############################################################################### 

# 

# RECEIVER PARAMETERS A: RECEIVER DEPTH SAMPLING 

# ============================================== 

# 1. switch for equidistant steping (1/0 = yes/no) 

# 2. number of receiver depth samples (<= nzrmax defined in "peglobal.h") 

# 3. if equidistant, start depth [m], end depth [m]; else list of depths 

# (all >= 0 and ordered from small to large!) 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

%(sw_equidistant_z)i |int: sw_receiver_depth_samplin 

%(no_depths)i |int: no_depths; 

%(str_depths)s |dble: zr_1,zr_n; or zr_1,zr_2, 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

# 

# RECEIVER PARAMETERS B: RECEIVER DISTANCE SAMPLING 

# ================================================= 

# 1. switch for equidistant steping (1/0 = yes/no) 

# 2. number of receiver distance samples (<= nrmax defined in "peglobal.h") 

# 3. if equidistant, start distance [m], end distance [m]; else list of 

# distances (all >= 0 and ordered from small to large!) 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

%(sw_equidistant_x)i |int: sw_equidistant; 

%(no_distances)i |int: no_distances; 

%(str_distances)s |dble: d_1,d_n; or d_1,d_2, ... 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

# 

# RECEIVER PARAMETERS C: Time SAMPLING 

# ==================================== 

# 1. time window [s] 

# 2. number of time samples 

# Note: the caracteristic diffusion time = 

# max_receiver_distance^2 / diffusivity_of_source_layer 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

%(t_window)s |dble: time_window; 

%(no_t_samples)i |int: no_time_samples; 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

# 

# WAVENUMBER INTEGRATION PARAMETERS 

# ================================= 

# 1. relative accuracy (0.01 for 1%% error) for numerical wavenumber integratio 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

%(accuracy)s |dble: accuracy; 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

############################################################################### 

# 

# OUTPUTS A: DISPLACEMENT TIME SERIES 

# =================================== 

# 1. select the 2 displacement time series (1/0 = yes/no) 

# Note Ut = 0 

# 2. file names of these 2 time series 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

%(sw_t_files_1_2)s |int: sw_t_files(1-2); 

%(t_files_1_2)s |char: t_files(1-2); 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

# 

# OUTPUTS B: STRAIN TENSOR & TILT TIME SERIES 

# =========================================== 

# 1. select strain time series (1/0 = yes/no): Ezz, Err, Ett, Ezr (4 tensor 

# components) and Tlt (= -dur/dz, the radial component of the vertical tilt) 

# Note Ezt, Ert and Tlt (tangential tilt) = 0 

# 2. file names of these 5 time series 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

%(sw_t_files_3_7)s |int: sw_t_files(3-7); 

%(t_files_3_7)s |char: t_files(3-7); 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

# 

# OUTPUTS C: PORE PRESSURE & DARCY VELOCITY TIME SERIES 

# ===================================================== 

# 1. select pore pressure and Darcy velocity time series (1/0 = yes/no): 

# Pp (excess pore pressure), Dvz, Dvr (2 Darcy velocity components) 

# Note Dvt = 0 

# 2. file names of these 3 time series 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

%(sw_t_files_8_10)s |int: sw_t_files(8-10); 

%(t_files_8_10)s |char: t_files(8-10); 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

# 

# OUTPUTS D: SNAPSHOTS OF ALL OBSERVABLES 

# ======================================= 

# 1. number of snapshots 

# 2. time[s] (within the time window, see above) and output filename of 

# the 1. snapshot 

# 3. ... 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

1 |int: no_sn; 

%(t_window)s 'snapshot.dat' |dable: sn_time(i),sn_file(i) 

############################################################################### 

# 

# GLOBAL MODEL PARAMETERS 

# ======================= 

# 1. switch for surface conditions: 

# 0 = without free surface (whole space), 

# 1 = unconfined free surface (p = 0), 

# 2 = confined free surface (dp/dz = 0). 

# 2. number of data lines of the layered model (<= lmax as defined in 

# "peglobal.h") (see Note below) 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

%(isurfcon)i |int: isurfcon 

%(no_model_lines)i |int: no_model_lines; 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

# 

# MULTILAYERED MODEL PARAMETERS 

# ============================= 

# 

# Note: mu = shear modulus 

# nu = Poisson ratio under drained condition 

# nu_u = Poisson ratio under undrained condition (nu_u > nu) 

# B = Skempton parameter (the change in pore pressure per unit change 

# in confining pressure under undrained condition) 

# D = hydraulic diffusivity 

# 

# no depth[m] mu[Pa] nu nu_u B D[m^2/s] Explanations 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

%(model)s 

###########################end of all inputs################################### 

 

Note for the model input format and the step-function approximation for model 

parameters varying linearly with depth: 

 

The surface and the upper boundary of the lowest half-space as well as the 

interfaces at which the poroelastic parameters are continuous, are all defined 

by a single data line; All other interfaces, at which the poroelastic 

parameters are discontinuous, are all defined by two data lines (upper-side and 

lower-side values). This input format would also be needed for a graphic plot 

of the layered model. Layers which have different parameter values at top and 

bottom, will be treated as layers with a constant gradient, and will be 

discretised to a number of homogeneous sublayers. Errors due to the 

discretisation are limited within about 5%% (changeable, see peglobal.h). 

'''.lstrip() 

 

return template % d 

 

 

class PoelError(Exception): 

pass 

 

 

class PoelRunner(object): 

 

def __init__(self, tmp=None): 

 

self.tempdir = mkdtemp(prefix='poelrun', dir=tmp) 

self.program = program_bins['poel'] 

self.config = None 

 

def run(self, config): 

self.config = config 

 

input_fn = pjoin(self.tempdir, 'input') 

 

f = open(input_fn, 'w') 

poel_input = config.string_for_config() 

 

logger.debug( 

'===== begin poel input =====\n%s===== end poel input =====' 

% poel_input) 

 

f.write(poel_input) 

f.close() 

program = self.program 

 

old_wd = os.getcwd() 

 

os.chdir(self.tempdir) 

 

try: 

proc = Popen(program, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE) 

except OSError: 

os.chdir(old_wd) 

raise PoelError( 

'''could not start poel executable: "%s" 

Available fomosto backends and download links to the modelling codes are listed 

on 

 

https://pyrocko.org/docs/current/apps/fomosto/backends.html 

 

''' % program) 

 

(poel_output, poel_error) = proc.communicate('input\n') 

 

logger.debug( 

'===== begin poel output =====\n%s===== end poel output =====' 

% poel_output) 

if poel_error: 

logger.error( 

'===== begin poel error =====\n%s===== end poel error =====' 

% poel_error) 

 

errmess = [] 

if proc.returncode != 0: 

errmess.append( 

'poel had a non-zero exit state: %i' % proc.returncode) 

if poel_error: 

errmess.append('poel emitted something via stderr') 

if poel_output.lower().find('error') != -1: 

errmess.append("the string 'error' appeared in poel output") 

 

if errmess: 

os.chdir(old_wd) 

raise PoelError( 

'''===== begin poel input =====\n%s===== end poel input ===== 

===== begin poel output =====\n%s===== end poel output ===== 

===== begin poel error =====\n%s===== end poel error ===== 

%s 

poel has been invoked as "%s"''' % ( 

poel_input, 

poel_output, 

poel_error, 

'\n'.join(errmess), 

program)) 

 

self.poel_output = poel_output 

self.poel_error = poel_error 

 

os.chdir(old_wd) 

 

def get_traces(self): 

 

if self.config.sw_equidistant_x == 1: 

nx = self.config.no_distances 

xmin, xmax = self.config.distances 

if nx > 1: 

dx = (xmax-xmin)/(nx-1) 

else: 

dx = 1.0 

distances = [xmin + ix*dx for ix in range(nx)] 

else: 

distances = self.config.distances 

 

if self.config.sw_equidistant_z == 1: 

nrz = self.config.no_depths 

rzmin, rzmax = self.config.depths 

if nrz > 1: 

drz = (rzmax-rzmin)/(nrz-1) 

else: 

drz = 1.0 

rdepths = [rzmin + irz*drz for irz in range(nrz)] 

else: 

rdepths = self.config.depths 

 

sz = self.config.s_start_depth 

 

fns = self.config.get_output_filenames(self.tempdir) 

traces = [] 

for comp, fn in zip(poel_components, fns): 

data = num.loadtxt(fn, skiprows=1, dtype=float) 

nsamples, ntraces = data.shape 

ntraces -= 1 

tmin = data[0, 0] 

deltat = (data[-1, 0] - data[0, 0])/(nsamples-1) 

for itrace in range(ntraces): 

x = distances[itrace % len(distances)] 

rz = rdepths[itrace // len(distances)] 

tr = trace.Trace( 

'', '%i' % itrace, 'c', comp, 

tmin=tmin, deltat=deltat, ydata=data[:, itrace+1], 

meta={'itrace': itrace, 'x': x, 'rz': rz, 'sz': sz}) 

 

traces.append(tr) 

 

return traces 

 

def __del__(self): 

shutil.rmtree(self.tempdir) 

 

 

class PoelGFBuilder(gf.builder.Builder): 

def __init__(self, store_dir, step, shared, block_size=None, tmp=None, 

force=False): 

 

if block_size is None: 

block_size = (51, 1, 51) 

 

self.store = gf.store.Store(store_dir, 'w') 

 

gf.builder.Builder.__init__( 

self, self.store.config, step, block_size=block_size, force=force) 

 

self.poel_config = self.store.get_extra('poel') 

 

self.tmp = tmp 

if self.tmp is not None: 

util.ensuredir(self.tmp) 

 

def cleanup(self): 

self.store.close() 

 

def work_block(self, index): 

logger.info('Starting block %i / %i' % (index+1, self.nblocks)) 

 

runner = PoelRunner(tmp=self.tmp) 

 

conf = PoelConfigFull(**self.poel_config.items()) 

 

(firstrz, sz, firstx), (lastrz, sz, lastx), (nrz, _, nx) = \ 

self.get_block_extents(index) 

 

conf.s_start_depth = sz 

conf.s_end_depth = sz 

conf.sw_equidistant_x = 1 

conf.distances = [firstx, lastx] 

conf.sw_equidistant_z = 1 

conf.no_distances = nx 

conf.depths = [firstrz, lastrz] 

conf.no_depths = nrz 

conf.no_t_samples = int( 

round(conf.t_window * self.gf_config.sample_rate)) + 1 

 

runner.run(conf) 

 

comp2ig = dict([(c, ig) for (ig, c) in enumerate(poel_components)]) 

 

rawtraces = runner.get_traces() 

 

self.store.lock() 

 

for tr in rawtraces: 

 

x = tr.meta['x'] 

rz = tr.meta['rz'] 

sz = tr.meta['sz'] 

 

ig = comp2ig[tr.channel] 

 

gf_tr = gf.store.GFTrace( 

tr.get_ydata(), 

int(round(tr.tmin / tr.deltat)), 

tr.deltat) 

 

self.store.put((rz, sz, x, ig), gf_tr) 

 

self.store.unlock() 

 

logger.info('Done with block %i / %i' % (index+1, self.nblocks)) 

 

 

def init(store_dir, variant): 

if variant is not None: 

raise gf.store.StoreError('unsupported variant: %s' % variant) 

 

poel = PoelConfig() 

 

store_id = os.path.basename(os.path.realpath(store_dir)) 

 

config = gf.meta.ConfigTypeB( 

modelling_code_id='poel', 

id=store_id, 

ncomponents=10, 

component_scheme='poroelastic10', 

sample_rate=0.1, 

distance_min=10.0, 

distance_max=20.0, 

distance_delta=5.0, 

source_depth_min=10.0, 

source_depth_max=20.0, 

source_depth_delta=5.0, 

receiver_depth_min=10.0, 

receiver_depth_max=10.0, 

receiver_depth_delta=5.0) 

 

return gf.store.Store.create_editables( 

store_dir, 

config=config, 

extra={'poel': poel}) 

 

 

def build( 

store_dir, 

force=False, 

nworkers=None, 

continue_=False, 

step=None, 

iblock=None): 

 

return PoelGFBuilder.build( 

store_dir, 

force=force, 

nworkers=nworkers, 

continue_=continue_, 

step=step, 

iblock=iblock)