1# http://pyrocko.org - GPLv3
2#
3# The Pyrocko Developers, 21st Century
4# ---|P------/S----------~Lg----------
6'''
10.. _coordinate-system-names:
12Coordinate systems
13..................
15Coordinate system names commonly used in source models.
17================= ============================================
18Name Description
19================= ============================================
20``'xyz'`` northing, easting, depth in [m]
21``'xy'`` northing, easting in [m]
22``'latlon'`` latitude, longitude in [deg]
23``'lonlat'`` longitude, latitude in [deg]
24``'latlondepth'`` latitude, longitude in [deg], depth in [m]
25================= ============================================
26'''
29from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
31from collections import defaultdict
32from functools import cmp_to_key
33import time
34import math
35import os
36import re
37import logging
38try:
39 import resource
40except ImportError:
41 resource = None
42from hashlib import sha1
44import numpy as num
45from scipy.interpolate import RegularGridInterpolator
47from pyrocko.guts import (Object, Float, String, StringChoice, List,
48 Timestamp, Int, SObject, ArgumentError, Dict,
49 ValidationError, Bool)
50from pyrocko.guts_array import Array
52from pyrocko import moment_tensor as pmt
53from pyrocko import trace, util, config, model, eikonal_ext
54from pyrocko.orthodrome import ne_to_latlon
55from pyrocko.model import Location
56from pyrocko.modelling import OkadaSource, make_okada_coefficient_matrix, \
57 okada_ext, invert_fault_dislocations_bem
59from . import meta, store, ws
60from .tractions import TractionField, DirectedTractions
61from .targets import Target, StaticTarget, SatelliteTarget
63pjoin = os.path.join
65guts_prefix = 'pf'
67d2r = math.pi / 180.
68r2d = 180. / math.pi
69km = 1e3
71logger = logging.getLogger('pyrocko.gf.seismosizer')
74def cmp_none_aware(a, b):
75 if isinstance(a, tuple) and isinstance(b, tuple):
76 for xa, xb in zip(a, b):
77 rv = cmp_none_aware(xa, xb)
78 if rv != 0:
79 return rv
81 return 0
83 anone = a is None
84 bnone = b is None
86 if anone and bnone:
87 return 0
89 if anone:
90 return -1
92 if bnone:
93 return 1
95 return bool(a > b) - bool(a < b)
98def xtime():
99 return time.time()
102class SeismosizerError(Exception):
103 pass
106class BadRequest(SeismosizerError):
107 pass
110class DuplicateStoreId(Exception):
111 pass
114class NoDefaultStoreSet(Exception):
115 pass
118class ConversionError(Exception):
119 pass
122class NoSuchStore(BadRequest):
124 def __init__(self, store_id=None, dirs=None):
125 BadRequest.__init__(self)
126 self.store_id = store_id
127 self.dirs = dirs
129 def __str__(self):
130 if self.store_id is not None:
131 rstr = 'no GF store with id "%s" found.' % self.store_id
132 else:
133 rstr = 'GF store not found.'
135 if self.dirs is not None:
136 rstr += ' Searched folders:\n %s' % '\n '.join(sorted(self.dirs))
137 return rstr
140def ufloat(s):
141 units = {
142 'k': 1e3,
143 'M': 1e6,
144 }
146 factor = 1.0
147 if s and s[-1] in units:
148 factor = units[s[-1]]
149 s = s[:-1]
150 if not s:
151 raise ValueError('unit without a number: \'%s\'' % s)
153 return float(s) * factor
156def ufloat_or_none(s):
157 if s:
158 return ufloat(s)
159 else:
160 return None
163def int_or_none(s):
164 if s:
165 return int(s)
166 else:
167 return None
170def nonzero(x, eps=1e-15):
171 return abs(x) > eps
174def permudef(ln, j=0):
175 if j < len(ln):
176 k, v = ln[j]
177 for y in v:
178 ln[j] = k, y
179 for s in permudef(ln, j + 1):
180 yield s
182 ln[j] = k, v
183 return
184 else:
185 yield ln
188def arr(x):
189 return num.atleast_1d(num.asarray(x))
192def discretize_rect_source(deltas, deltat, time, north, east, depth,
193 strike, dip, length, width,
194 anchor, velocity=None, stf=None,
195 nucleation_x=None, nucleation_y=None,
196 decimation_factor=1, pointsonly=False,
197 plane_coords=False,
198 aggressive_oversampling=False):
200 if stf is None:
201 stf = STF()
203 if not velocity and not pointsonly:
204 raise AttributeError('velocity is required in time mode')
206 mindeltagf = float(num.min(deltas))
207 if velocity:
208 mindeltagf = min(mindeltagf, deltat * velocity)
210 ln = length
211 wd = width
213 if aggressive_oversampling:
214 nl = int((2. / decimation_factor) * num.ceil(ln / mindeltagf)) + 1
215 nw = int((2. / decimation_factor) * num.ceil(wd / mindeltagf)) + 1
216 else:
217 nl = int((1. / decimation_factor) * num.ceil(ln / mindeltagf)) + 1
218 nw = int((1. / decimation_factor) * num.ceil(wd / mindeltagf)) + 1
220 n = int(nl * nw)
222 dl = ln / nl
223 dw = wd / nw
225 xl = num.linspace(-0.5 * (ln - dl), 0.5 * (ln - dl), nl)
226 xw = num.linspace(-0.5 * (wd - dw), 0.5 * (wd - dw), nw)
228 points = num.zeros((n, 3), dtype=num.float)
229 points[:, 0] = num.tile(xl, nw)
230 points[:, 1] = num.repeat(xw, nl)
232 if nucleation_x is not None:
233 dist_x = num.abs(nucleation_x - points[:, 0])
234 else:
235 dist_x = num.zeros(n)
237 if nucleation_y is not None:
238 dist_y = num.abs(nucleation_y - points[:, 1])
239 else:
240 dist_y = num.zeros(n)
242 dist = num.sqrt(dist_x**2 + dist_y**2)
243 times = dist / velocity
245 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[anchor]
247 points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * length
248 points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * width
250 if plane_coords:
251 return points, dl, dw, nl, nw
253 rotmat = num.asarray(
254 pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0))
255 points = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
257 points[:, 0] += north
258 points[:, 1] += east
259 points[:, 2] += depth
261 if pointsonly:
262 return points, dl, dw, nl, nw
264 xtau, amplitudes = stf.discretize_t(deltat, time)
265 nt = xtau.size
267 points2 = num.repeat(points, nt, axis=0)
268 times2 = (times[:, num.newaxis] + xtau[num.newaxis, :]).ravel()
269 amplitudes2 = num.tile(amplitudes, n)
271 return points2, times2, amplitudes2, dl, dw, nl, nw
274def check_rect_source_discretisation(points2, nl, nw, store):
275 # We assume a non-rotated fault plane
276 N_CRITICAL = 8
277 points = points2.T.reshape((3, nl, nw))
278 if points.size <= N_CRITICAL:
279 logger.warning('RectangularSource is defined by only %d sub-sources!'
280 % points.size)
281 return True
283 distances = num.sqrt(
284 (points[0, 0, :] - points[0, 1, :])**2 +
285 (points[1, 0, :] - points[1, 1, :])**2 +
286 (points[2, 0, :] - points[2, 1, :])**2)
288 depths = points[2, 0, :]
289 vs_profile = store.config.get_vs(
290 lat=0., lon=0.,
291 points=num.repeat(depths[:, num.newaxis], 3, axis=1),
292 interpolation='multilinear')
294 min_wavelength = vs_profile * (store.config.deltat * 2)
295 if not num.all(min_wavelength > distances / 2):
296 return False
297 return True
300def outline_rect_source(strike, dip, length, width, anchor):
301 ln = length
302 wd = width
303 points = num.array(
304 [[-0.5 * ln, -0.5 * wd, 0.],
305 [0.5 * ln, -0.5 * wd, 0.],
306 [0.5 * ln, 0.5 * wd, 0.],
307 [-0.5 * ln, 0.5 * wd, 0.],
308 [-0.5 * ln, -0.5 * wd, 0.]])
310 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[anchor]
311 points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * length
312 points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * width
314 rotmat = num.asarray(
315 pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0))
317 return num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
320def from_plane_coords(
321 strike, dip, length, width, depth, x_plane_coords, y_plane_coords,
322 lat=0., lon=0.,
323 north_shift=0, east_shift=0,
324 anchor='top', cs='xy'):
326 ln = length
327 wd = width
328 x_abs = []
329 y_abs = []
330 if not isinstance(x_plane_coords, list):
331 x_plane_coords = [x_plane_coords]
332 y_plane_coords = [y_plane_coords]
334 for x_plane, y_plane in zip(x_plane_coords, y_plane_coords):
335 points = num.array(
336 [[-0.5 * ln * x_plane, -0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
337 [0.5 * ln * x_plane, -0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
338 [0.5 * ln * x_plane, 0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
339 [-0.5 * ln * x_plane, 0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
340 [-0.5 * ln * x_plane, -0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.]])
342 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[anchor]
343 points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * length
344 points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * width
346 rotmat = num.asarray(
347 pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0))
349 points = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
350 points[:, 0] += north_shift
351 points[:, 1] += east_shift
352 points[:, 2] += depth
353 if cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat'):
354 latlon = ne_to_latlon(lat, lon,
355 points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
356 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
357 x_abs.append(latlon[1:2, 1])
358 y_abs.append(latlon[2:3, 0])
359 if cs == 'xy':
360 x_abs.append(points[1:2, 1])
361 y_abs.append(points[2:3, 0])
363 if cs == 'lonlat':
364 return y_abs, x_abs
365 else:
366 return x_abs, y_abs
369def points_on_rect_source(
370 strike, dip, length, width, anchor,
371 discretized_basesource=None, points_x=None, points_y=None):
373 ln = length
374 wd = width
376 if isinstance(points_x, list) or isinstance(points_x, float):
377 points_x = num.array([points_x])
378 if isinstance(points_y, list) or isinstance(points_y, float):
379 points_y = num.array([points_y])
381 if discretized_basesource:
382 ds = discretized_basesource
384 nl_patches = ds.nl + 1
385 nw_patches = ds.nw + 1
387 npoints = nl_patches * nw_patches
388 points = num.zeros((npoints, 3))
389 ln_patches = num.array([il for il in range(nl_patches)])
390 wd_patches = num.array([iw for iw in range(nw_patches)])
392 points_ln =\
393 2 * ((ln_patches - num.min(ln_patches)) / num.ptp(ln_patches)) - 1
394 points_wd =\
395 2 * ((wd_patches - num.min(wd_patches)) / num.ptp(wd_patches)) - 1
397 for il in range(nl_patches):
398 for iw in range(nw_patches):
399 points[il * nw_patches + iw, :] = num.array([
400 points_ln[il] * ln * 0.5,
401 points_wd[iw] * wd * 0.5, 0.0])
403 elif points_x.any() and points_y.any():
404 points = num.zeros(shape=((len(points_x), 3)))
405 for i, (x, y) in enumerate(zip(points_x, points_y)):
406 points[i, :] = num.array(
407 [x * 0.5 * ln, y * 0.5 * wd, 0.0])
409 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[anchor]
411 points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * ln
412 points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * wd
414 rotmat = num.asarray(
415 pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0))
417 return num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
420class InvalidGridDef(Exception):
421 pass
424class Range(SObject):
425 '''
426 Convenient range specification.
428 Equivalent ways to sepecify the range [ 0., 1000., ... 10000. ]::
430 Range('0 .. 10k : 1k')
431 Range(start=0., stop=10e3, step=1e3)
432 Range(0, 10e3, 1e3)
433 Range('0 .. 10k @ 11')
434 Range(start=0., stop=10*km, n=11)
436 Range(0, 10e3, n=11)
437 Range(values=[x*1e3 for x in range(11)])
439 Depending on the use context, it can be possible to omit any part of the
440 specification. E.g. in the context of extracting a subset of an already
441 existing range, the existing range's specification values would be filled
442 in where missing.
444 The values are distributed with equal spacing, unless the ``spacing``
445 argument is modified. The values can be created offset or relative to an
446 external base value with the ``relative`` argument if the use context
447 supports this.
449 The range specification can be expressed with a short string
450 representation::
452 'start .. stop @ num | spacing, relative'
453 'start .. stop : step | spacing, relative'
455 most parts of the expression can be omitted if not needed. Whitespace is
456 allowed for readability but can also be omitted.
457 '''
459 start = Float.T(optional=True)
460 stop = Float.T(optional=True)
461 step = Float.T(optional=True)
462 n = Int.T(optional=True)
463 values = Array.T(optional=True, dtype=float, shape=(None,))
465 spacing = StringChoice.T(
466 choices=['lin', 'log', 'symlog'],
467 default='lin',
468 optional=True)
470 relative = StringChoice.T(
471 choices=['', 'add', 'mult'],
472 default='',
473 optional=True)
475 pattern = re.compile(r'^((?P<start>.*)\.\.(?P<stop>[^@|:]*))?'
476 r'(@(?P<n>[^|]+)|:(?P<step>[^|]+))?'
477 r'(\|(?P<stuff>.+))?$')
479 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
480 d = {}
481 if len(args) == 1:
482 d = self.parse(args[0])
483 elif len(args) in (2, 3):
484 d['start'], d['stop'] = [float(x) for x in args[:2]]
485 if len(args) == 3:
486 d['step'] = float(args[2])
488 for k, v in kwargs.items():
489 if k in d:
490 raise ArgumentError('%s specified more than once' % k)
492 d[k] = v
494 SObject.__init__(self, **d)
496 def __str__(self):
497 def sfloat(x):
498 if x is not None:
499 return '%g' % x
500 else:
501 return ''
503 if self.values:
504 return ','.join('%g' % x for x in self.values)
506 if self.start is None and self.stop is None:
507 s0 = ''
508 else:
509 s0 = '%s .. %s' % (sfloat(self.start), sfloat(self.stop))
511 s1 = ''
512 if self.step is not None:
513 s1 = [' : %g', ':%g'][s0 == ''] % self.step
514 elif self.n is not None:
515 s1 = [' @ %i', '@%i'][s0 == ''] % self.n
517 if self.spacing == 'lin' and self.relative == '':
518 s2 = ''
519 else:
520 x = []
521 if self.spacing != 'lin':
522 x.append(self.spacing)
524 if self.relative != '':
525 x.append(self.relative)
527 s2 = ' | %s' % ','.join(x)
529 return s0 + s1 + s2
531 @classmethod
532 def parse(cls, s):
533 s = re.sub(r'\s+', '', s)
534 m = cls.pattern.match(s)
535 if not m:
536 try:
537 vals = [ufloat(x) for x in s.split(',')]
538 except Exception:
539 raise InvalidGridDef(
540 '"%s" is not a valid range specification' % s)
542 return dict(values=num.array(vals, dtype=float))
544 d = m.groupdict()
545 try:
546 start = ufloat_or_none(d['start'])
547 stop = ufloat_or_none(d['stop'])
548 step = ufloat_or_none(d['step'])
549 n = int_or_none(d['n'])
550 except Exception:
551 raise InvalidGridDef(
552 '"%s" is not a valid range specification' % s)
554 spacing = 'lin'
555 relative = ''
557 if d['stuff'] is not None:
558 t = d['stuff'].split(',')
559 for x in t:
560 if x in cls.spacing.choices:
561 spacing = x
562 elif x and x in cls.relative.choices:
563 relative = x
564 else:
565 raise InvalidGridDef(
566 '"%s" is not a valid range specification' % s)
568 return dict(start=start, stop=stop, step=step, n=n, spacing=spacing,
569 relative=relative)
571 def make(self, mi=None, ma=None, inc=None, base=None, eps=1e-5):
572 if self.values:
573 return self.values
575 start = self.start
576 stop = self.stop
577 step = self.step
578 n = self.n
580 swap = step is not None and step < 0.
581 if start is None:
582 start = [mi, ma][swap]
583 if stop is None:
584 stop = [ma, mi][swap]
585 if step is None and inc is not None:
586 step = [inc, -inc][ma < mi]
588 if start is None or stop is None:
589 raise InvalidGridDef(
590 'Cannot use range specification "%s" without start '
591 'and stop in this context' % self)
593 if step is None and n is None:
594 step = stop - start
596 if n is None:
597 if (step < 0) != (stop - start < 0):
598 raise InvalidGridDef(
599 'Range specification "%s" has inconsistent ordering '
600 '(step < 0 => stop > start)' % self)
602 n = int(round((stop - start) / step)) + 1
603 stop2 = start + (n - 1) * step
604 if abs(stop - stop2) > eps:
605 n = int(math.floor((stop - start) / step)) + 1
606 stop = start + (n - 1) * step
607 else:
608 stop = stop2
610 if start == stop:
611 n = 1
613 if self.spacing == 'lin':
614 vals = num.linspace(start, stop, n)
616 elif self.spacing in ('log', 'symlog'):
617 if start > 0. and stop > 0.:
618 vals = num.exp(num.linspace(num.log(start),
619 num.log(stop), n))
620 elif start < 0. and stop < 0.:
621 vals = -num.exp(num.linspace(num.log(-start),
622 num.log(-stop), n))
623 else:
624 raise InvalidGridDef(
625 'Log ranges should not include or cross zero '
626 '(in range specification "%s").' % self)
628 if self.spacing == 'symlog':
629 nvals = - vals
630 vals = num.concatenate((nvals[::-1], vals))
632 if self.relative in ('add', 'mult') and base is None:
633 raise InvalidGridDef(
634 'Cannot use relative range specification in this context.')
636 vals = self.make_relative(base, vals)
638 return list(map(float, vals))
640 def make_relative(self, base, vals):
641 if self.relative == 'add':
642 vals += base
644 if self.relative == 'mult':
645 vals *= base
647 return vals
650class GridDefElement(Object):
652 param = meta.StringID.T()
653 rs = Range.T()
655 def __init__(self, shorthand=None, **kwargs):
656 if shorthand is not None:
657 t = shorthand.split('=')
658 if len(t) != 2:
659 raise InvalidGridDef(
660 'Invalid grid specification element: %s' % shorthand)
662 sp, sr = t[0].strip(), t[1].strip()
664 kwargs['param'] = sp
665 kwargs['rs'] = Range(sr)
667 Object.__init__(self, **kwargs)
669 def shorthand(self):
670 return self.param + ' = ' + str(self.rs)
673class GridDef(Object):
675 elements = List.T(GridDefElement.T())
677 def __init__(self, shorthand=None, **kwargs):
678 if shorthand is not None:
679 t = shorthand.splitlines()
680 tt = []
681 for x in t:
682 x = x.strip()
683 if x:
684 tt.extend(x.split(';'))
686 elements = []
687 for se in tt:
688 elements.append(GridDef(se))
690 kwargs['elements'] = elements
692 Object.__init__(self, **kwargs)
694 def shorthand(self):
695 return '; '.join(str(x) for x in self.elements)
698class Cloneable(object):
700 def __iter__(self):
701 return iter(self.T.propnames)
703 def __getitem__(self, k):
704 if k not in self.keys():
705 raise KeyError(k)
707 return getattr(self, k)
709 def __setitem__(self, k, v):
710 if k not in self.keys():
711 raise KeyError(k)
713 return setattr(self, k, v)
715 def clone(self, **kwargs):
716 '''
717 Make a copy of the object.
719 A new object of the same class is created and initialized with the
720 parameters of the object on which this method is called on. If
721 ``kwargs`` are given, these are used to override any of the
722 initialization parameters.
723 '''
725 d = dict(self)
726 for k in d:
727 v = d[k]
728 if isinstance(v, Cloneable):
729 d[k] = v.clone()
731 d.update(kwargs)
732 return self.__class__(**d)
734 @classmethod
735 def keys(cls):
736 '''
737 Get list of the source model's parameter names.
738 '''
740 return cls.T.propnames
743class STF(Object, Cloneable):
745 '''
746 Base class for source time functions.
747 '''
749 def __init__(self, effective_duration=None, **kwargs):
750 if effective_duration is not None:
751 kwargs['duration'] = effective_duration / \
752 self.factor_duration_to_effective()
754 Object.__init__(self, **kwargs)
756 @classmethod
757 def factor_duration_to_effective(cls):
758 return 1.0
760 def centroid_time(self, tref):
761 return tref
763 @property
764 def effective_duration(self):
765 return self.duration * self.factor_duration_to_effective()
767 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
768 tl = math.floor(tref / deltat) * deltat
769 th = math.ceil(tref / deltat) * deltat
770 if tl == th:
771 return num.array([tl], dtype=float), num.ones(1)
772 else:
773 return (
774 num.array([tl, th], dtype=float),
775 num.array([th - tref, tref - tl], dtype=float) / deltat)
777 def base_key(self):
778 return (type(self).__name__,)
781g_unit_pulse = STF()
784def sshift(times, amplitudes, tshift, deltat):
786 t0 = math.floor(tshift / deltat) * deltat
787 t1 = math.ceil(tshift / deltat) * deltat
788 if t0 == t1:
789 return times, amplitudes
791 amplitudes2 = num.zeros(amplitudes.size + 1, dtype=float)
793 amplitudes2[:-1] += (t1 - tshift) / deltat * amplitudes
794 amplitudes2[1:] += (tshift - t0) / deltat * amplitudes
796 times2 = num.arange(times.size + 1, dtype=float) * \
797 deltat + times[0] + t0
799 return times2, amplitudes2
802class BoxcarSTF(STF):
804 '''
805 Boxcar type source time function.
807 .. figure :: /static/stf-BoxcarSTF.svg
808 :width: 40%
809 :align: center
810 :alt: boxcar source time function
811 '''
813 duration = Float.T(
814 default=0.0,
815 help='duration of the boxcar')
817 anchor = Float.T(
818 default=0.0,
819 help='anchor point with respect to source.time: ('
820 '-1.0: left -> source duration [0, T] ~ hypocenter time, '
821 ' 0.0: center -> source duration [-T/2, T/2] ~ centroid time, '
822 '+1.0: right -> source duration [-T, 0] ~ rupture end time)')
824 @classmethod
825 def factor_duration_to_effective(cls):
826 return 1.0
828 def centroid_time(self, tref):
829 return tref - 0.5 * self.duration * self.anchor
831 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
832 tmin_stf = tref - self.duration * (self.anchor + 1.) * 0.5
833 tmax_stf = tref + self.duration * (1. - self.anchor) * 0.5
834 tmin = round(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
835 tmax = round(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
836 nt = int(round((tmax - tmin) / deltat)) + 1
837 times = num.linspace(tmin, tmax, nt)
838 amplitudes = num.ones_like(times)
839 if times.size > 1:
840 t_edges = num.linspace(
841 tmin - 0.5 * deltat, tmax + 0.5 * deltat, nt + 1)
842 t = tmin_stf + self.duration * num.array(
843 [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0], dtype=float)
844 f = num.array([0., 1., 1., 0.], dtype=float)
845 amplitudes = util.plf_integrate_piecewise(t_edges, t, f)
846 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
848 tshift = (num.sum(amplitudes * times) - self.centroid_time(tref))
850 return sshift(times, amplitudes, -tshift, deltat)
852 def base_key(self):
853 return (type(self).__name__, self.duration, self.anchor)
856class TriangularSTF(STF):
858 '''
859 Triangular type source time function.
861 .. figure :: /static/stf-TriangularSTF.svg
862 :width: 40%
863 :align: center
864 :alt: triangular source time function
865 '''
867 duration = Float.T(
868 default=0.0,
869 help='baseline of the triangle')
871 peak_ratio = Float.T(
872 default=0.5,
873 help='fraction of time compared to duration, '
874 'when the maximum amplitude is reached')
876 anchor = Float.T(
877 default=0.0,
878 help='anchor point with respect to source.time: ('
879 '-1.0: left -> source duration [0, T] ~ hypocenter time, '
880 ' 0.0: center -> source duration [-T/2, T/2] ~ centroid time, '
881 '+1.0: right -> source duration [-T, 0] ~ rupture end time)')
883 @classmethod
884 def factor_duration_to_effective(cls, peak_ratio=None):
885 if peak_ratio is None:
886 peak_ratio = cls.peak_ratio.default()
888 return math.sqrt((peak_ratio**2 - peak_ratio + 1.0) * 2.0 / 3.0)
890 def __init__(self, effective_duration=None, **kwargs):
891 if effective_duration is not None:
892 kwargs['duration'] = effective_duration / \
893 self.factor_duration_to_effective(
894 kwargs.get('peak_ratio', None))
896 STF.__init__(self, **kwargs)
898 @property
899 def centroid_ratio(self):
900 ra = self.peak_ratio
901 rb = 1.0 - ra
902 return self.peak_ratio + (rb**2 / 3. - ra**2 / 3.) / (ra + rb)
904 def centroid_time(self, tref):
905 ca = self.centroid_ratio
906 cb = 1.0 - ca
907 if self.anchor <= 0.:
908 return tref - ca * self.duration * self.anchor
909 else:
910 return tref - cb * self.duration * self.anchor
912 @property
913 def effective_duration(self):
914 return self.duration * self.factor_duration_to_effective(
915 self.peak_ratio)
917 def tminmax_stf(self, tref):
918 ca = self.centroid_ratio
919 cb = 1.0 - ca
920 if self.anchor <= 0.:
921 tmin_stf = tref - ca * self.duration * (self.anchor + 1.)
922 tmax_stf = tmin_stf + self.duration
923 else:
924 tmax_stf = tref + cb * self.duration * (1. - self.anchor)
925 tmin_stf = tmax_stf - self.duration
927 return tmin_stf, tmax_stf
929 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
930 tmin_stf, tmax_stf = self.tminmax_stf(tref)
932 tmin = round(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
933 tmax = round(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
934 nt = int(round((tmax - tmin) / deltat)) + 1
935 if nt > 1:
936 t_edges = num.linspace(
937 tmin - 0.5 * deltat, tmax + 0.5 * deltat, nt + 1)
938 t = tmin_stf + self.duration * num.array(
939 [0.0, self.peak_ratio, 1.0], dtype=float)
940 f = num.array([0., 1., 0.], dtype=float)
941 amplitudes = util.plf_integrate_piecewise(t_edges, t, f)
942 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
943 else:
944 amplitudes = num.ones(1)
946 times = num.linspace(tmin, tmax, nt)
947 return times, amplitudes
949 def base_key(self):
950 return (
951 type(self).__name__, self.duration, self.peak_ratio, self.anchor)
954class HalfSinusoidSTF(STF):
956 '''
957 Half sinusoid type source time function.
959 .. figure :: /static/stf-HalfSinusoidSTF.svg
960 :width: 40%
961 :align: center
962 :alt: half-sinusouid source time function
963 '''
965 duration = Float.T(
966 default=0.0,
967 help='duration of the half-sinusoid (baseline)')
969 anchor = Float.T(
970 default=0.0,
971 help='anchor point with respect to source.time: ('
972 '-1.0: left -> source duration [0, T] ~ hypocenter time, '
973 ' 0.0: center -> source duration [-T/2, T/2] ~ centroid time, '
974 '+1.0: right -> source duration [-T, 0] ~ rupture end time)')
976 exponent = Int.T(
977 default=1,
978 help='set to 2 to use square of the half-period sinusoidal function.')
980 def __init__(self, effective_duration=None, **kwargs):
981 if effective_duration is not None:
982 kwargs['duration'] = effective_duration / \
983 self.factor_duration_to_effective(
984 kwargs.get('exponent', 1))
986 STF.__init__(self, **kwargs)
988 @classmethod
989 def factor_duration_to_effective(cls, exponent):
990 if exponent == 1:
991 return math.sqrt(3.0 * math.pi**2 - 24.0) / math.pi
992 elif exponent == 2:
993 return math.sqrt(math.pi**2 - 6) / math.pi
994 else:
995 raise ValueError('Exponent for HalfSinusoidSTF must be 1 or 2.')
997 @property
998 def effective_duration(self):
999 return self.duration * self.factor_duration_to_effective(self.exponent)
1001 def centroid_time(self, tref):
1002 return tref - 0.5 * self.duration * self.anchor
1004 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
1005 tmin_stf = tref - self.duration * (self.anchor + 1.) * 0.5
1006 tmax_stf = tref + self.duration * (1. - self.anchor) * 0.5
1007 tmin = round(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
1008 tmax = round(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
1009 nt = int(round((tmax - tmin) / deltat)) + 1
1010 if nt > 1:
1011 t_edges = num.maximum(tmin_stf, num.minimum(tmax_stf, num.linspace(
1012 tmin - 0.5 * deltat, tmax + 0.5 * deltat, nt + 1)))
1014 if self.exponent == 1:
1015 fint = -num.cos(
1016 (t_edges - tmin_stf) * (math.pi / self.duration))
1018 elif self.exponent == 2:
1019 fint = (t_edges - tmin_stf) / self.duration \
1020 - 1.0 / (2.0 * math.pi) * num.sin(
1021 (t_edges - tmin_stf) * (2.0 * math.pi / self.duration))
1022 else:
1023 raise ValueError(
1024 'Exponent for HalfSinusoidSTF must be 1 or 2.')
1026 amplitudes = fint[1:] - fint[:-1]
1027 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
1028 else:
1029 amplitudes = num.ones(1)
1031 times = num.linspace(tmin, tmax, nt)
1032 return times, amplitudes
1034 def base_key(self):
1035 return (type(self).__name__, self.duration, self.anchor)
1038class SmoothRampSTF(STF):
1039 '''
1040 Smooth-ramp type source time function for near-field displacement.
1041 Based on moment function of double-couple point source proposed by Bruestle
1042 and Mueller (PEPI, 1983).
1044 .. [1] W. Bruestle, G. Mueller (1983), Moment and duration of shallow
1045 earthquakes from Love-wave modelling for regional distances, PEPI 32,
1046 312-324.
1048 .. figure :: /static/stf-SmoothRampSTF.svg
1049 :width: 40%
1050 :alt: smooth ramp source time function
1051 '''
1052 duration = Float.T(
1053 default=0.0,
1054 help='duration of the ramp (baseline)')
1056 rise_ratio = Float.T(
1057 default=0.5,
1058 help='fraction of time compared to duration, '
1059 'when the maximum amplitude is reached')
1061 anchor = Float.T(
1062 default=0.0,
1063 help='anchor point with respect to source.time: ('
1064 '-1.0: left -> source duration ``[0, T]`` ~ hypocenter time, '
1065 '0.0: center -> source duration ``[-T/2, T/2]`` ~ centroid time, '
1066 '+1.0: right -> source duration ``[-T, 0]`` ~ rupture end time)')
1068 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
1069 tmin_stf = tref - self.duration * (self.anchor + 1.) * 0.5
1070 tmax_stf = tref + self.duration * (1. - self.anchor) * 0.5
1071 tmin = round(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
1072 tmax = round(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
1073 D = round((tmax - tmin) / deltat) * deltat
1074 nt = int(round(D / deltat)) + 1
1075 times = num.linspace(tmin, tmax, nt)
1076 if nt > 1:
1077 rise_time = self.rise_ratio * self.duration
1078 amplitudes = num.ones_like(times)
1079 tp = tmin + rise_time
1080 ii = num.where(times <= tp)
1081 t_inc = times[ii]
1082 a = num.cos(num.pi * (t_inc - tmin_stf) / rise_time)
1083 b = num.cos(3 * num.pi * (t_inc - tmin_stf) / rise_time) - 1.0
1084 amplitudes[ii] = (9. / 16.) * (1 - a + (1. / 9.) * b)
1086 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
1087 else:
1088 amplitudes = num.ones(1)
1090 return times, amplitudes
1092 def base_key(self):
1093 return (type(self).__name__,
1094 self.duration, self.rise_ratio, self.anchor)
1097class ResonatorSTF(STF):
1098 '''
1099 Simple resonator like source time function.
1101 .. math ::
1103 f(t) = 0 for t < 0
1104 f(t) = e^{-t/tau} * sin(2 * pi * f * t)
1107 .. figure :: /static/stf-SmoothRampSTF.svg
1108 :width: 40%
1109 :alt: smooth ramp source time function
1111 '''
1113 duration = Float.T(
1114 default=0.0,
1115 help='decay time')
1117 frequency = Float.T(
1118 default=1.0,
1119 help='resonance frequency')
1121 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
1122 tmin_stf = tref
1123 tmax_stf = tref + self.duration * 3
1124 tmin = math.floor(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
1125 tmax = math.ceil(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
1126 times = util.arange2(tmin, tmax, deltat)
1127 amplitudes = num.exp(-(times - tref) / self.duration) \
1128 * num.sin(2.0 * num.pi * self.frequency * (times - tref))
1130 return times, amplitudes
1132 def base_key(self):
1133 return (type(self).__name__,
1134 self.duration, self.frequency)
1137class STFMode(StringChoice):
1138 choices = ['pre', 'post']
1141class Source(Location, Cloneable):
1142 '''
1143 Base class for all source models.
1144 '''
1146 name = String.T(optional=True, default='')
1148 time = Timestamp.T(
1149 default=Timestamp.D('1970-01-01 00:00:00'),
1150 help='source origin time.')
1152 stf = STF.T(
1153 optional=True,
1154 help='source time function.')
1156 stf_mode = STFMode.T(
1157 default='post',
1158 help='whether to apply source time function in pre or '
1159 'post-processing.')
1161 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
1162 Location.__init__(self, **kwargs)
1164 def update(self, **kwargs):
1165 '''
1166 Change some of the source models parameters.
1168 Example::
1170 >>> from pyrocko import gf
1171 >>> s = gf.DCSource()
1172 >>> s.update(strike=66., dip=33.)
1173 >>> print(s)
1174 --- !pf.DCSource
1175 depth: 0.0
1176 time: 1970-01-01 00:00:00
1177 magnitude: 6.0
1178 strike: 66.0
1179 dip: 33.0
1180 rake: 0.0
1182 '''
1184 for (k, v) in kwargs.items():
1185 self[k] = v
1187 def grid(self, **variables):
1188 '''
1189 Create grid of source model variations.
1191 :returns: :py:class:`SourceGrid` instance.
1193 Example::
1195 >>> from pyrocko import gf
1196 >>> base = DCSource()
1197 >>> R = gf.Range
1198 >>> for s in base.grid(R('
1200 '''
1201 return SourceGrid(base=self, variables=variables)
1203 def base_key(self):
1204 '''
1205 Get key to decide about source discretization / GF stack sharing.
1207 When two source models differ only in amplitude and origin time, the
1208 discretization and the GF stacking can be done only once for a unit
1209 amplitude and a zero origin time and the amplitude and origin times of
1210 the seismograms can be applied during post-processing of the synthetic
1211 seismogram.
1213 For any derived parameterized source model, this method is called to
1214 decide if discretization and stacking of the source should be shared.
1215 When two source models return an equal vector of values discretization
1216 is shared.
1217 '''
1218 return (self.depth, self.lat, self.north_shift,
1219 self.lon, self.east_shift, self.time, type(self).__name__) + \
1220 self.effective_stf_pre().base_key()
1222 def get_factor(self):
1223 '''
1224 Get the scaling factor to be applied during post-processing.
1226 Discretization of the base seismogram is usually done for a unit
1227 amplitude, because a common factor can be efficiently multiplied to
1228 final seismograms. This eliminates to do repeat the stacking when
1229 creating seismograms for a series of source models only differing in
1230 amplitude.
1232 This method should return the scaling factor to apply in the
1233 post-processing (often this is simply the scalar moment of the source).
1234 '''
1236 return 1.0
1238 def effective_stf_pre(self):
1239 '''
1240 Return the STF applied before stacking of the Green's functions.
1242 This STF is used during discretization of the parameterized source
1243 models, i.e. to produce a temporal distribution of point sources.
1245 Handling of the STF before stacking of the GFs is less efficient but
1246 allows to use different source time functions for different parts of
1247 the source.
1248 '''
1250 if self.stf is not None and self.stf_mode == 'pre':
1251 return self.stf
1252 else:
1253 return g_unit_pulse
1255 def effective_stf_post(self):
1256 '''
1257 Return the STF applied after stacking of the Green's fuctions.
1259 This STF is used in the post-processing of the synthetic seismograms.
1261 Handling of the STF after stacking of the GFs is usually more efficient
1262 but is only possible when a common STF is used for all subsources.
1263 '''
1265 if self.stf is not None and self.stf_mode == 'post':
1266 return self.stf
1267 else:
1268 return g_unit_pulse
1270 def _dparams_base(self):
1271 return dict(times=arr(self.time),
1272 lat=self.lat, lon=self.lon,
1273 north_shifts=arr(self.north_shift),
1274 east_shifts=arr(self.east_shift),
1275 depths=arr(self.depth))
1277 def _hash(self):
1278 sha = sha1()
1279 for k in self.base_key():
1280 sha.update(str(k).encode())
1281 return sha.hexdigest()
1283 def _dparams_base_repeated(self, times):
1284 if times is None:
1285 return self._dparams_base()
1287 nt = times.size
1288 north_shifts = num.repeat(self.north_shift, nt)
1289 east_shifts = num.repeat(self.east_shift, nt)
1290 depths = num.repeat(self.depth, nt)
1291 return dict(times=times,
1292 lat=self.lat, lon=self.lon,
1293 north_shifts=north_shifts,
1294 east_shifts=east_shifts,
1295 depths=depths)
1297 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1298 duration = None
1299 if self.stf:
1300 duration = self.stf.effective_duration
1302 return model.Event(
1303 lat=self.lat,
1304 lon=self.lon,
1305 north_shift=self.north_shift,
1306 east_shift=self.east_shift,
1307 time=self.time,
1308 name=self.name,
1309 depth=self.depth,
1310 duration=duration,
1311 **kwargs)
1313 def outline(self, cs='xyz'):
1314 points = num.atleast_2d(num.zeros([1, 3]))
1316 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
1317 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
1318 points[:, 2] += self.depth
1319 if cs == 'xyz':
1320 return points
1321 elif cs == 'xy':
1322 return points[:, :2]
1323 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat'):
1324 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
1325 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
1327 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
1328 if cs == 'latlon':
1329 return latlon
1330 else:
1331 return latlon[:, ::-1]
1333 @classmethod
1334 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
1335 if ev.depth is None:
1336 raise ConversionError(
1337 'Cannot convert event object to source object: '
1338 'no depth information available')
1340 stf = None
1341 if ev.duration is not None:
1342 stf = HalfSinusoidSTF(effective_duration=ev.duration)
1344 d = dict(
1345 name=ev.name,
1346 time=ev.time,
1347 lat=ev.lat,
1348 lon=ev.lon,
1349 north_shift=ev.north_shift,
1350 east_shift=ev.east_shift,
1351 depth=ev.depth,
1352 stf=stf)
1353 d.update(kwargs)
1354 return cls(**d)
1356 def get_magnitude(self):
1357 raise NotImplementedError(
1358 '%s does not implement get_magnitude()'
1359 % self.__class__.__name__)
1362class SourceWithMagnitude(Source):
1363 '''
1364 Base class for sources containing a moment magnitude.
1365 '''
1367 magnitude = Float.T(
1368 default=6.0,
1369 help='Moment magnitude Mw as in [Hanks and Kanamori, 1979]')
1371 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
1372 if 'moment' in kwargs:
1373 mom = kwargs.pop('moment')
1374 if 'magnitude' not in kwargs:
1375 kwargs['magnitude'] = float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(mom))
1377 Source.__init__(self, **kwargs)
1379 @property
1380 def moment(self):
1381 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.magnitude))
1383 @moment.setter
1384 def moment(self, value):
1385 self.magnitude = float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(value))
1387 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1388 return Source.pyrocko_event(
1389 self, store, target,
1390 magnitude=self.magnitude,
1391 **kwargs)
1393 @classmethod
1394 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
1395 d = {}
1396 if ev.magnitude:
1397 d.update(magnitude=ev.magnitude)
1399 d.update(kwargs)
1400 return super(SourceWithMagnitude, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
1402 def get_magnitude(self):
1403 return self.magnitude
1406class DerivedMagnitudeError(ValidationError):
1407 pass
1410class SourceWithDerivedMagnitude(Source):
1412 class __T(Source.T):
1414 def validate_extra(self, val):
1415 Source.T.validate_extra(self, val)
1416 val.check_conflicts()
1418 def check_conflicts(self):
1419 '''
1420 Check for parameter conflicts.
1422 To be overloaded in subclasses. Raises :py:exc:`DerivedMagnitudeError`
1423 on conflicts.
1424 '''
1425 pass
1427 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
1428 raise DerivedMagnitudeError('No magnitude set.')
1430 def get_moment(self, store=None, target=None):
1431 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(
1432 self.get_magnitude(store, target)))
1434 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1435 raise NotImplementedError(
1436 '%s does not implement pyrocko_moment_tensor()'
1437 % self.__class__.__name__)
1439 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1440 try:
1441 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target)
1442 magnitude = self.get_magnitude()
1443 except (DerivedMagnitudeError, NotImplementedError):
1444 mt = None
1445 magnitude = None
1447 return Source.pyrocko_event(
1448 self, store, target,
1449 moment_tensor=mt,
1450 magnitude=magnitude,
1451 **kwargs)
1454class ExplosionSource(SourceWithDerivedMagnitude):
1455 '''
1456 An isotropic explosion point source.
1457 '''
1459 magnitude = Float.T(
1460 optional=True,
1461 help='moment magnitude Mw as in [Hanks and Kanamori, 1979]')
1463 volume_change = Float.T(
1464 optional=True,
1465 help='volume change of the explosion/implosion or '
1466 'the contracting/extending magmatic source. [m^3]')
1468 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedExplosionSource
1470 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
1471 if 'moment' in kwargs:
1472 mom = kwargs.pop('moment')
1473 if 'magnitude' not in kwargs:
1474 kwargs['magnitude'] = float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(mom))
1476 SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.__init__(self, **kwargs)
1478 def base_key(self):
1479 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.base_key(self) + \
1480 (self.volume_change,)
1482 def check_conflicts(self):
1483 if self.magnitude is not None and self.volume_change is not None:
1484 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1485 'Magnitude and volume_change are both defined.')
1487 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
1488 self.check_conflicts()
1490 if self.magnitude is not None:
1491 return self.magnitude
1493 elif self.volume_change is not None:
1494 moment = self.volume_change * \
1495 self.get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(store, target)
1497 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(abs(moment)))
1498 else:
1499 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(1.0))
1501 def get_volume_change(self, store=None, target=None):
1502 self.check_conflicts()
1504 if self.volume_change is not None:
1505 return self.volume_change
1507 elif self.magnitude is not None:
1508 moment = float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.magnitude))
1509 return moment / self.get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(
1510 store, target)
1512 else:
1513 return 1.0 / self.get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(store)
1515 def get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(self, store, target=None):
1516 if store is None:
1517 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1518 'Need earth model to convert between volume change and '
1519 'magnitude.')
1521 points = num.array(
1522 [[self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth]], dtype=float)
1524 interpolation = target.interpolation if target else 'multilinear'
1525 try:
1526 shear_moduli = store.config.get_shear_moduli(
1527 self.lat, self.lon,
1528 points=points,
1529 interpolation=interpolation)[0]
1530 except meta.OutOfBounds:
1531 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1532 'Could not get shear modulus at source position.')
1534 return float(3. * shear_moduli)
1536 def get_factor(self):
1537 return 1.0
1539 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1540 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1541 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1543 amplitudes *= self.get_moment(store, target) * math.sqrt(2. / 3.)
1545 if self.volume_change is not None:
1546 if self.volume_change < 0.:
1547 amplitudes *= -1
1549 return meta.DiscretizedExplosionSource(
1550 m0s=amplitudes,
1551 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1553 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1554 a = self.get_moment(store, target) * math.sqrt(2. / 3.)
1555 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=pmt.symmat6(a, a, a, 0., 0., 0.))
1558class RectangularExplosionSource(ExplosionSource):
1559 '''
1560 Rectangular or line explosion source.
1561 '''
1563 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedExplosionSource
1565 strike = Float.T(
1566 default=0.0,
1567 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
1569 dip = Float.T(
1570 default=90.0,
1571 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
1573 length = Float.T(
1574 default=0.,
1575 help='length of rectangular source area [m]')
1577 width = Float.T(
1578 default=0.,
1579 help='width of rectangular source area [m]')
1581 anchor = StringChoice.T(
1582 choices=['top', 'top_left', 'top_right', 'center', 'bottom',
1583 'bottom_left', 'bottom_right'],
1584 default='center',
1585 optional=True,
1586 help='Anchor point for positioning the plane, can be: top, center or'
1587 'bottom and also top_left, top_right,bottom_left,'
1588 'bottom_right, center_left and center right')
1590 nucleation_x = Float.T(
1591 optional=True,
1592 help='horizontal position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
1593 'plane coordinates (-1 = left edge, +1 = right edge)')
1595 nucleation_y = Float.T(
1596 optional=True,
1597 help='down-dip position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
1598 'plane coordinates (-1 = upper edge, +1 = lower edge)')
1600 velocity = Float.T(
1601 default=3500.,
1602 help='speed of explosion front [m/s]')
1604 aggressive_oversampling = Bool.T(
1605 default=False,
1606 help='Aggressive oversampling for basesource discretization. '
1607 'When using \'multilinear\' interpolation oversampling has'
1608 ' practically no effect.')
1610 def base_key(self):
1611 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
1612 self.width, self.nucleation_x,
1613 self.nucleation_y, self.velocity,
1614 self.anchor)
1616 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1618 if self.nucleation_x is not None:
1619 nucx = self.nucleation_x * 0.5 * self.length
1620 else:
1621 nucx = None
1623 if self.nucleation_y is not None:
1624 nucy = self.nucleation_y * 0.5 * self.width
1625 else:
1626 nucy = None
1628 stf = self.effective_stf_pre()
1630 points, times, amplitudes, dl, dw, nl, nw = discretize_rect_source(
1631 store.config.deltas, store.config.deltat,
1632 self.time, self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth,
1633 self.strike, self.dip, self.length, self.width, self.anchor,
1634 self.velocity, stf=stf, nucleation_x=nucx, nucleation_y=nucy)
1636 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
1637 amplitudes *= self.get_moment(store, target)
1639 return meta.DiscretizedExplosionSource(
1640 lat=self.lat,
1641 lon=self.lon,
1642 times=times,
1643 north_shifts=points[:, 0],
1644 east_shifts=points[:, 1],
1645 depths=points[:, 2],
1646 m0s=amplitudes)
1648 def outline(self, cs='xyz'):
1649 points = outline_rect_source(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
1650 self.width, self.anchor)
1652 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
1653 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
1654 points[:, 2] += self.depth
1655 if cs == 'xyz':
1656 return points
1657 elif cs == 'xy':
1658 return points[:, :2]
1659 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat'):
1660 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
1661 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
1663 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
1664 if cs == 'latlon':
1665 return latlon
1666 else:
1667 return latlon[:, ::-1]
1669 def get_nucleation_abs_coord(self, cs='xy'):
1671 if self.nucleation_x is None:
1672 return None, None
1674 coords = from_plane_coords(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
1675 self.width, self.depth, self.nucleation_x,
1676 self.nucleation_y, lat=self.lat,
1677 lon=self.lon, north_shift=self.north_shift,
1678 east_shift=self.east_shift, cs=cs)
1679 return coords
1682class DCSource(SourceWithMagnitude):
1683 '''
1684 A double-couple point source.
1685 '''
1687 strike = Float.T(
1688 default=0.0,
1689 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
1691 dip = Float.T(
1692 default=90.0,
1693 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
1695 rake = Float.T(
1696 default=0.0,
1697 help='rake angle in [deg], '
1698 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
1699 'in on-plane view')
1701 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
1703 def base_key(self):
1704 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.strike, self.dip, self.rake)
1706 def get_factor(self):
1707 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.magnitude))
1709 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1710 mot = pmt.MomentTensor(
1711 strike=self.strike, dip=self.dip, rake=self.rake)
1713 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1714 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1715 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
1716 m6s=mot.m6()[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[:, num.newaxis],
1717 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1719 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1720 return pmt.MomentTensor(
1721 strike=self.strike,
1722 dip=self.dip,
1723 rake=self.rake,
1724 scalar_moment=self.moment)
1726 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1727 return SourceWithMagnitude.pyrocko_event(
1728 self, store, target,
1729 moment_tensor=self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target),
1730 **kwargs)
1732 @classmethod
1733 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
1734 d = {}
1735 mt = ev.moment_tensor
1736 if mt:
1737 (strike, dip, rake), _ = mt.both_strike_dip_rake()
1738 d.update(
1739 strike=float(strike),
1740 dip=float(dip),
1741 rake=float(rake),
1742 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()))
1744 d.update(kwargs)
1745 return super(DCSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
1748class CLVDSource(SourceWithMagnitude):
1749 '''
1750 A pure CLVD point source.
1751 '''
1753 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
1755 azimuth = Float.T(
1756 default=0.0,
1757 help='azimuth direction of largest dipole, clockwise from north [deg]')
1759 dip = Float.T(
1760 default=90.,
1761 help='dip direction of largest dipole, downward from horizontal [deg]')
1763 def base_key(self):
1764 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.azimuth, self.dip)
1766 def get_factor(self):
1767 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.magnitude))
1769 @property
1770 def m6(self):
1771 a = math.sqrt(4. / 3.) * self.get_factor()
1772 m = pmt.symmat6(-0.5 * a, -0.5 * a, a, 0., 0., 0.)
1773 rotmat1 = pmt.euler_to_matrix(
1774 d2r * (self.dip - 90.),
1775 d2r * (self.azimuth - 90.),
1776 0.)
1777 m = rotmat1.T * m * rotmat1
1778 return pmt.to6(m)
1780 @property
1781 def m6_astuple(self):
1782 return tuple(self.m6.tolist())
1784 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1785 factor = self.get_factor()
1786 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1787 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1788 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
1789 m6s=self.m6[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[:, num.newaxis] / factor,
1790 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1792 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1793 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=pmt.symmat6(*self.m6_astuple))
1795 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1796 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target)
1797 return Source.pyrocko_event(
1798 self, store, target,
1799 moment_tensor=self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target),
1800 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()),
1801 **kwargs)
1804class VLVDSource(SourceWithDerivedMagnitude):
1805 '''
1806 Volumetric linear vector dipole source.
1808 This source is a parameterization for a restricted moment tensor point
1809 source, useful to represent dyke or sill like inflation or deflation
1810 sources. The restriction is such that the moment tensor is rotational
1811 symmetric. It can be represented by a superposition of a linear vector
1812 dipole (here we use a CLVD for convenience) and an isotropic component. The
1813 restricted moment tensor has 4 degrees of freedom: 2 independent
1814 eigenvalues and 2 rotation angles orienting the the symmetry axis.
1816 In this parameterization, the isotropic component is controlled by
1817 ``volume_change``. To define the moment tensor, it must be converted to the
1818 scalar moment of the the MT's isotropic component. For the conversion, the
1819 shear modulus at the source's position must be known. This value is
1820 extracted from the earth model defined in the GF store in use.
1822 The CLVD part by controlled by its scalar moment :math:`M_0`:
1823 ``clvd_moment``. The sign of ``clvd_moment`` is used to switch between a
1824 positiv or negativ CLVD (the sign of the largest eigenvalue).
1825 '''
1827 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
1829 azimuth = Float.T(
1830 default=0.0,
1831 help='azimuth direction of symmetry axis, clockwise from north [deg].')
1833 dip = Float.T(
1834 default=90.,
1835 help='dip direction of symmetry axis, downward from horizontal [deg].')
1837 volume_change = Float.T(
1838 default=0.,
1839 help='volume change of the inflation/deflation [m^3].')
1841 clvd_moment = Float.T(
1842 default=0.,
1843 help='scalar moment :math:`M_0` of the CLVD component [Nm]. The sign '
1844 'controls the sign of the CLVD (the sign of its largest '
1845 'eigenvalue).')
1847 def get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(self, store, target):
1848 if store is None or target is None:
1849 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1850 'Need earth model to convert between volume change and '
1851 'magnitude.')
1853 points = num.array(
1854 [[self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth]], dtype=float)
1856 try:
1857 shear_moduli = store.config.get_shear_moduli(
1858 self.lat, self.lon,
1859 points=points,
1860 interpolation=target.interpolation)[0]
1861 except meta.OutOfBounds:
1862 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1863 'Could not get shear modulus at source position.')
1865 return float(3. * shear_moduli)
1867 def base_key(self):
1868 return Source.base_key(self) + \
1869 (self.azimuth, self.dip, self.volume_change, self.clvd_moment)
1871 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
1872 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target)
1873 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(mt.moment))
1875 def get_m6(self, store, target):
1876 a = math.sqrt(4. / 3.) * self.clvd_moment
1877 m_clvd = pmt.symmat6(-0.5 * a, -0.5 * a, a, 0., 0., 0.)
1879 rotmat1 = pmt.euler_to_matrix(
1880 d2r * (self.dip - 90.),
1881 d2r * (self.azimuth - 90.),
1882 0.)
1883 m_clvd = rotmat1.T * m_clvd * rotmat1
1885 m_iso = self.volume_change * \
1886 self.get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(store, target)
1888 m_iso = pmt.symmat6(m_iso, m_iso, m_iso, 0.,
1889 0., 0.,) * math.sqrt(2. / 3)
1891 m = pmt.to6(m_clvd) + pmt.to6(m_iso)
1892 return m
1894 def get_moment(self, store=None, target=None):
1895 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(
1896 self.get_magnitude(store, target)))
1898 def get_m6_astuple(self, store, target):
1899 m6 = self.get_m6(store, target)
1900 return tuple(m6.tolist())
1902 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1903 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1904 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1906 m6 = self.get_m6(store, target)
1907 m6 *= amplitudes / self.get_factor()
1909 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
1910 m6s=m6[num.newaxis, :],
1911 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1913 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1914 m6_astuple = self.get_m6_astuple(store, target)
1915 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=pmt.symmat6(*m6_astuple))
1918class MTSource(Source):
1919 '''
1920 A moment tensor point source.
1921 '''
1923 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
1925 mnn = Float.T(
1926 default=1.,
1927 help='north-north component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1929 mee = Float.T(
1930 default=1.,
1931 help='east-east component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1933 mdd = Float.T(
1934 default=1.,
1935 help='down-down component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1937 mne = Float.T(
1938 default=0.,
1939 help='north-east component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1941 mnd = Float.T(
1942 default=0.,
1943 help='north-down component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1945 med = Float.T(
1946 default=0.,
1947 help='east-down component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1949 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
1950 if 'm6' in kwargs:
1951 for (k, v) in zip('mnn mee mdd mne mnd med'.split(),
1952 kwargs.pop('m6')):
1953 kwargs[k] = float(v)
1955 Source.__init__(self, **kwargs)
1957 @property
1958 def m6(self):
1959 return num.array(self.m6_astuple)
1961 @property
1962 def m6_astuple(self):
1963 return (self.mnn, self.mee, self.mdd, self.mne, self.mnd, self.med)
1965 @m6.setter
1966 def m6(self, value):
1967 self.mnn, self.mee, self.mdd, self.mne, self.mnd, self.med = value
1969 def base_key(self):
1970 return Source.base_key(self) + self.m6_astuple
1972 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1973 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1974 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1975 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
1976 m6s=self.m6[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[:, num.newaxis],
1977 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1979 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
1980 m6 = self.m6
1981 return pmt.moment_to_magnitude(
1982 math.sqrt(num.sum(m6[0:3]**2) + 2.0 * num.sum(m6[3:6]**2)) /
1983 math.sqrt(2.))
1985 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1986 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=pmt.symmat6(*self.m6_astuple))
1988 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1989 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target)
1990 return Source.pyrocko_event(
1991 self, store, target,
1992 moment_tensor=self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target),
1993 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()),
1994 **kwargs)
1996 @classmethod
1997 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
1998 d = {}
1999 mt = ev.moment_tensor
2000 if mt:
2001 d.update(m6=tuple(map(float, mt.m6())))
2002 else:
2003 if ev.magnitude is not None:
2004 mom = pmt.magnitude_to_moment(ev.magnitude)
2005 v = math.sqrt(2. / 3.) * mom
2006 d.update(m6=(v, v, v, 0., 0., 0.))
2008 d.update(kwargs)
2009 return super(MTSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
2012map_anchor = {
2013 'center': (0.0, 0.0),
2014 'center_left': (-1.0, 0.0),
2015 'center_right': (1.0, 0.0),
2016 'top': (0.0, -1.0),
2017 'top_left': (-1.0, -1.0),
2018 'top_right': (1.0, -1.0),
2019 'bottom': (0.0, 1.0),
2020 'bottom_left': (-1.0, 1.0),
2021 'bottom_right': (1.0, 1.0)}
2024class RectangularSource(SourceWithDerivedMagnitude):
2025 '''
2026 Classical Haskell source model modified for bilateral rupture.
2027 '''
2029 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
2031 magnitude = Float.T(
2032 optional=True,
2033 help='moment magnitude Mw as in [Hanks and Kanamori, 1979]')
2035 strike = Float.T(
2036 default=0.0,
2037 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
2039 dip = Float.T(
2040 default=90.0,
2041 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
2043 rake = Float.T(
2044 default=0.0,
2045 help='rake angle in [deg], '
2046 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
2047 'in on-plane view')
2049 length = Float.T(
2050 default=0.,
2051 help='length of rectangular source area [m]')
2053 width = Float.T(
2054 default=0.,
2055 help='width of rectangular source area [m]')
2057 anchor = StringChoice.T(
2058 choices=['top', 'top_left', 'top_right', 'center', 'bottom',
2059 'bottom_left', 'bottom_right'],
2060 default='center',
2061 optional=True,
2062 help='Anchor point for positioning the plane, can be: ``top, center '
2063 'bottom, top_left, top_right,bottom_left,'
2064 'bottom_right, center_left, center right``.')
2066 nucleation_x = Float.T(
2067 optional=True,
2068 help='horizontal position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
2069 'plane coordinates (``-1.`` = left edge, ``+1.`` = right edge)')
2071 nucleation_y = Float.T(
2072 optional=True,
2073 help='down-dip position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
2074 'plane coordinates (``-1.`` = upper edge, ``+1.`` = lower edge)')
2076 velocity = Float.T(
2077 default=3500.,
2078 help='speed of rupture front [m/s]')
2080 slip = Float.T(
2081 optional=True,
2082 help='Slip on the rectangular source area [m]')
2084 opening_fraction = Float.T(
2085 default=0.,
2086 help='Determines fraction of slip related to opening. '
2087 '(``-1``: pure tensile closing, '
2088 '``0``: pure shear, '
2089 '``1``: pure tensile opening)')
2091 decimation_factor = Int.T(
2092 optional=True,
2093 default=1,
2094 help='Sub-source decimation factor, a larger decimation will'
2095 ' make the result inaccurate but shorten the necessary'
2096 ' computation time (use for testing puposes only).')
2098 aggressive_oversampling = Bool.T(
2099 default=False,
2100 help='Aggressive oversampling for basesource discretization. '
2101 'When using \'multilinear\' interpolation oversampling has'
2102 ' practically no effect.')
2104 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
2105 if 'moment' in kwargs:
2106 mom = kwargs.pop('moment')
2107 if 'magnitude' not in kwargs:
2108 kwargs['magnitude'] = float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(mom))
2110 SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.__init__(self, **kwargs)
2112 def base_key(self):
2113 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.base_key(self) + (
2114 self.magnitude,
2115 self.slip,
2116 self.strike,
2117 self.dip,
2118 self.rake,
2119 self.length,
2120 self.width,
2121 self.nucleation_x,
2122 self.nucleation_y,
2123 self.velocity,
2124 self.decimation_factor,
2125 self.anchor)
2127 def check_conflicts(self):
2128 if self.magnitude is not None and self.slip is not None:
2129 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
2130 'Magnitude and slip are both defined.')
2132 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
2133 self.check_conflicts()
2134 if self.magnitude is not None:
2135 return self.magnitude
2137 elif self.slip is not None:
2138 if None in (store, target):
2139 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
2140 'Magnitude for a rectangular source with slip defined '
2141 'can only be derived when earth model and target '
2142 'interpolation method are available.')
2144 amplitudes = self._discretize(store, target)[2]
2145 if amplitudes.ndim == 2:
2146 # CLVD component has no net moment, leave out
2147 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(
2148 num.sum(num.abs(amplitudes[0:2, :]).sum())))
2149 else:
2150 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(num.sum(amplitudes)))
2152 else:
2153 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(1.0))
2155 def get_factor(self):
2156 return 1.0
2158 def get_slip_tensile(self):
2159 return self.slip * self.opening_fraction
2161 def get_slip_shear(self):
2162 return self.slip - abs(self.get_slip_tensile)
2164 def _discretize(self, store, target):
2165 if self.nucleation_x is not None:
2166 nucx = self.nucleation_x * 0.5 * self.length
2167 else:
2168 nucx = None
2170 if self.nucleation_y is not None:
2171 nucy = self.nucleation_y * 0.5 * self.width
2172 else:
2173 nucy = None
2175 stf = self.effective_stf_pre()
2177 points, times, amplitudes, dl, dw, nl, nw = discretize_rect_source(
2178 store.config.deltas, store.config.deltat,
2179 self.time, self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth,
2180 self.strike, self.dip, self.length, self.width, self.anchor,
2181 self.velocity, stf=stf, nucleation_x=nucx, nucleation_y=nucy,
2182 decimation_factor=self.decimation_factor,
2183 aggressive_oversampling=self.aggressive_oversampling)
2185 if self.slip is not None:
2186 if target is not None:
2187 interpolation = target.interpolation
2188 else:
2189 interpolation = 'nearest_neighbor'
2190 logger.warn(
2191 'no target information available, will use '
2192 '"nearest_neighbor" interpolation when extracting shear '
2193 'modulus from earth model')
2195 shear_moduli = store.config.get_shear_moduli(
2196 self.lat, self.lon,
2197 points=points,
2198 interpolation=interpolation)
2200 tensile_slip = self.get_slip_tensile()
2201 shear_slip = self.slip - abs(tensile_slip)
2203 amplitudes_total = [shear_moduli * shear_slip]
2204 if tensile_slip != 0:
2205 bulk_moduli = store.config.get_bulk_moduli(
2206 self.lat, self.lon,
2207 points=points,
2208 interpolation=interpolation)
2210 tensile_iso = bulk_moduli * tensile_slip
2211 tensile_clvd = (2. / 3.) * shear_moduli * tensile_slip
2213 amplitudes_total.extend([tensile_iso, tensile_clvd])
2215 amplitudes_total = num.vstack(amplitudes_total).squeeze() * \
2216 amplitudes * dl * dw
2218 else:
2219 # normalization to retain total moment
2220 amplitudes_norm = amplitudes / num.sum(amplitudes)
2221 moment = self.get_moment(store, target)
2223 amplitudes_total = [
2224 amplitudes_norm * moment * (1 - abs(self.opening_fraction))]
2225 if self.opening_fraction != 0.:
2226 amplitudes_total.append(
2227 amplitudes_norm * self.opening_fraction * moment)
2229 amplitudes_total = num.vstack(amplitudes_total).squeeze()
2231 return points, times, num.atleast_1d(amplitudes_total), dl, dw, nl, nw
2233 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
2235 points, times, amplitudes, dl, dw, nl, nw = self._discretize(
2236 store, target)
2238 mot = pmt.MomentTensor(
2239 strike=self.strike, dip=self.dip, rake=self.rake)
2240 m6s = num.repeat(mot.m6()[num.newaxis, :], times.size, axis=0)
2242 if amplitudes.ndim == 1:
2243 m6s[:, :] *= amplitudes[:, num.newaxis]
2244 elif amplitudes.ndim == 2:
2245 # shear MT components
2246 rotmat1 = pmt.euler_to_matrix(
2247 d2r * self.dip, d2r * self.strike, d2r * -self.rake)
2248 m6s[:, :] *= amplitudes[0, :][:, num.newaxis]
2250 if amplitudes.shape[0] == 2:
2251 # tensile MT components - moment/magnitude input
2252 tensile = pmt.symmat6(1., 1., 3., 0., 0., 0.)
2253 rot_tensile = pmt.to6(rotmat1.T * tensile * rotmat1)
2255 m6s_tensile = rot_tensile[
2256 num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[1, :][:, num.newaxis]
2257 m6s += m6s_tensile
2259 elif amplitudes.shape[0] == 3:
2260 # tensile MT components - slip input
2261 iso = pmt.symmat6(1., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0.)
2262 clvd = pmt.symmat6(-1., -1., 2., 0., 0., 0.)
2264 rot_iso = pmt.to6(rotmat1.T * iso * rotmat1)
2265 rot_clvd = pmt.to6(rotmat1.T * clvd * rotmat1)
2267 m6s_iso = rot_iso[
2268 num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[1, :][:, num.newaxis]
2269 m6s_clvd = rot_clvd[
2270 num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[2, :][:, num.newaxis]
2271 m6s += m6s_iso + m6s_clvd
2272 else:
2273 raise ValueError('Unknwown amplitudes shape!')
2274 else:
2275 raise ValueError(
2276 'Unexpected dimension of {}'.format(amplitudes.ndim))
2278 ds = meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
2279 lat=self.lat,
2280 lon=self.lon,
2281 times=times,
2282 north_shifts=points[:, 0],
2283 east_shifts=points[:, 1],
2284 depths=points[:, 2],
2285 m6s=m6s,
2286 dl=dl,
2287 dw=dw,
2288 nl=nl,
2289 nw=nw)
2291 return ds
2293 def outline(self, cs='xyz'):
2294 points = outline_rect_source(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
2295 self.width, self.anchor)
2297 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
2298 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
2299 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2300 if cs == 'xyz':
2301 return points
2302 elif cs == 'xy':
2303 return points[:, :2]
2304 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat', 'latlondepth'):
2305 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
2306 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
2308 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
2309 if cs == 'latlon':
2310 return latlon
2311 elif cs == 'lonlat':
2312 return latlon[:, ::-1]
2313 else:
2314 return num.concatenate(
2315 (latlon, points[:, 2].reshape((len(points), 1))),
2316 axis=1)
2318 def points_on_source(self, cs='xyz', **kwargs):
2320 points = points_on_rect_source(
2321 self.strike, self.dip, self.length, self.width,
2322 self.anchor, **kwargs)
2324 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
2325 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
2326 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2327 if cs == 'xyz':
2328 return points
2329 elif cs == 'xy':
2330 return points[:, :2]
2331 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat', 'latlondepth'):
2332 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
2333 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
2335 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
2336 if cs == 'latlon':
2337 return latlon
2338 elif cs == 'lonlat':
2339 return latlon[:, ::-1]
2340 else:
2341 return num.concatenate(
2342 (latlon, points[:, 2].reshape((len(points), 1))),
2343 axis=1)
2345 def get_nucleation_abs_coord(self, cs='xy'):
2347 if self.nucleation_x is None:
2348 return None, None
2350 coords = from_plane_coords(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
2351 self.width, self.depth, self.nucleation_x,
2352 self.nucleation_y, lat=self.lat,
2353 lon=self.lon, north_shift=self.north_shift,
2354 east_shift=self.east_shift, cs=cs)
2355 return coords
2357 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
2358 return pmt.MomentTensor(
2359 strike=self.strike,
2360 dip=self.dip,
2361 rake=self.rake,
2362 scalar_moment=self.get_moment(store, target))
2364 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
2365 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.pyrocko_event(
2366 self, store, target,
2367 **kwargs)
2369 @classmethod
2370 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
2371 d = {}
2372 mt = ev.moment_tensor
2373 if mt:
2374 (strike, dip, rake), _ = mt.both_strike_dip_rake()
2375 d.update(
2376 strike=float(strike),
2377 dip=float(dip),
2378 rake=float(rake),
2379 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()))
2381 d.update(kwargs)
2382 return super(RectangularSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
2385class PseudoDynamicRupture(SourceWithDerivedMagnitude):
2386 '''
2387 Combined Eikonal and Okada quasi-dynamic rupture model.
2389 Details are described in :doc:`/topics/pseudo-dynamic-rupture`.
2390 Note: attribute `stf` is not used so far, but kept for future applications.
2391 '''
2393 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
2395 strike = Float.T(
2396 default=0.0,
2397 help='Strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north.')
2399 dip = Float.T(
2400 default=0.0,
2401 help='Dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal.')
2403 length = Float.T(
2404 default=10. * km,
2405 help='Length of rectangular source area in [m].')
2407 width = Float.T(
2408 default=5. * km,
2409 help='Width of rectangular source area in [m].')
2411 anchor = StringChoice.T(
2412 choices=['top', 'top_left', 'top_right', 'center', 'bottom',
2413 'bottom_left', 'bottom_right'],
2414 default='center',
2415 optional=True,
2416 help='Anchor point for positioning the plane, can be: ``top, center, '
2417 'bottom, top_left, top_right, bottom_left, '
2418 'bottom_right, center_left, center_right``.')
2420 nucleation_x__ = Array.T(
2421 default=num.array([0.]),
2422 dtype=num.float,
2423 serialize_as='list',
2424 help='Horizontal position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
2425 'plane coordinates (``-1.`` = left edge, ``+1.`` = right edge).')
2427 nucleation_y__ = Array.T(
2428 default=num.array([0.]),
2429 dtype=num.float,
2430 serialize_as='list',
2431 help='Down-dip position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
2432 'plane coordinates (``-1.`` = upper edge, ``+1.`` = lower edge).')
2434 nucleation_time__ = Array.T(
2435 optional=True,
2436 help='Time in [s] after origin, when nucleation points defined by '
2437 '``nucleation_x`` and ``nucleation_y`` rupture.',
2438 dtype=num.float,
2439 serialize_as='list')
2441 gamma = Float.T(
2442 default=0.8,
2443 help='Scaling factor between rupture velocity and S-wave velocity: '
2444 r':math:`v_r = \gamma * v_s`.')
2446 nx = Int.T(
2447 default=2,
2448 help='Number of discrete source patches in x direction (along '
2449 'strike).')
2451 ny = Int.T(
2452 default=2,
2453 help='Number of discrete source patches in y direction (down dip).')
2455 slip = Float.T(
2456 optional=True,
2457 help='Maximum slip of the rectangular source [m]. '
2458 'Setting the slip the tractions/stress field '
2459 'will be normalized to accomodate the desired maximum slip.')
2461 rake = Float.T(
2462 optional=True,
2463 help='Rake angle in [deg], '
2464 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
2465 'in on-plane view. Rake is translated into homogenous tractions '
2466 'in strike and up-dip direction. ``rake`` is mutually exclusive '
2467 'with tractions parameter.')
2469 patches = List.T(
2470 OkadaSource.T(),
2471 optional=True,
2472 help='List of all boundary elements/sub faults/fault patches.')
2474 patch_mask__ = Array.T(
2475 dtype=num.bool,
2476 serialize_as='list',
2477 shape=(None,),
2478 optional=True,
2479 help='Mask for all boundary elements/sub faults/fault patches. True '
2480 'leaves the patch in the calculation, False excludes the patch.')
2482 tractions = TractionField.T(
2483 optional=True,
2484 help='Traction field the rupture plane is exposed to. See the'
2485 ':py:mod:`pyrocko.gf.tractions` module for more details. '
2486 'If ``tractions=None`` and ``rake`` is given'
2487 ' :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.tractions.DirectedTractions` will'
2488 ' be used.')
2490 coef_mat = Array.T(
2491 optional=True,
2492 help='Coefficient matrix linking traction and dislocation field.',
2493 dtype=num.float,
2494 shape=(None, None))
2496 eikonal_decimation = Int.T(
2497 optional=True,
2498 default=1,
2499 help='Sub-source eikonal factor, a smaller eikonal factor will'
2500 ' increase the accuracy of rupture front calculation but'
2501 ' increases also the computation time.')
2503 decimation_factor = Int.T(
2504 optional=True,
2505 default=1,
2506 help='Sub-source decimation factor, a larger decimation will'
2507 ' make the result inaccurate but shorten the necessary'
2508 ' computation time (use for testing puposes only).')
2510 nthreads = Int.T(
2511 optional=True,
2512 default=1,
2513 help='Number of threads for Okada forward modelling, '
2514 'matrix inversion and calculation of point subsources. '
2515 'Note: for small/medium matrices 1 thread is most efficient.')
2517 pure_shear = Bool.T(
2518 optional=True,
2519 default=False,
2520 help='Calculate only shear tractions and omit tensile tractions.')
2522 smooth_rupture = Bool.T(
2523 default=True,
2524 help='Smooth the tractions by weighting partially ruptured'
2525 ' fault patches.')
2527 aggressive_oversampling = Bool.T(
2528 default=False,
2529 help='Aggressive oversampling for basesource discretization. '
2530 'When using \'multilinear\' interpolation oversampling has'
2531 ' practically no effect.')
2533 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
2534 SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.__init__(self, **kwargs)
2535 self._interpolators = {}
2536 self.check_conflicts()
2538 @property
2539 def nucleation_x(self):
2540 return self.nucleation_x__
2542 @nucleation_x.setter
2543 def nucleation_x(self, nucleation_x):
2544 if isinstance(nucleation_x, list):
2545 nucleation_x = num.array(nucleation_x)
2547 elif not isinstance(
2548 nucleation_x, num.ndarray) and nucleation_x is not None:
2550 nucleation_x = num.array([nucleation_x])
2551 self.nucleation_x__ = nucleation_x
2553 @property
2554 def nucleation_y(self):
2555 return self.nucleation_y__
2557 @nucleation_y.setter
2558 def nucleation_y(self, nucleation_y):
2559 if isinstance(nucleation_y, list):
2560 nucleation_y = num.array(nucleation_y)
2562 elif not isinstance(nucleation_y, num.ndarray) \
2563 and nucleation_y is not None:
2564 nucleation_y = num.array([nucleation_y])
2566 self.nucleation_y__ = nucleation_y
2568 @property
2569 def nucleation(self):
2570 nucl_x, nucl_y = self.nucleation_x, self.nucleation_y
2572 if (nucl_x is None) or (nucl_y is None):
2573 return None
2575 assert nucl_x.shape[0] == nucl_y.shape[0]
2577 return num.concatenate(
2578 (nucl_x[:, num.newaxis], nucl_y[:, num.newaxis]), axis=1)
2580 @nucleation.setter
2581 def nucleation(self, nucleation):
2582 if isinstance(nucleation, list):
2583 nucleation = num.array(nucleation)
2585 assert nucleation.shape[1] == 2
2587 self.nucleation_x = nucleation[:, 0]
2588 self.nucleation_y = nucleation[:, 1]
2590 @property
2591 def nucleation_time(self):
2592 return self.nucleation_time__
2594 @nucleation_time.setter
2595 def nucleation_time(self, nucleation_time):
2596 if not isinstance(nucleation_time, num.ndarray) \
2597 and nucleation_time is not None:
2598 nucleation_time = num.array([nucleation_time])
2600 self.nucleation_time__ = nucleation_time
2602 @property
2603 def patch_mask(self):
2604 if (self.patch_mask__ is not None and
2605 self.patch_mask__.shape == (self.nx * self.ny,)):
2607 return self.patch_mask__
2608 else:
2609 return num.ones(self.nx * self.ny, dtype=bool)
2611 @patch_mask.setter
2612 def patch_mask(self, patch_mask):
2613 if isinstance(patch_mask, list):
2614 patch_mask = num.array(patch_mask)
2616 self.patch_mask__ = patch_mask
2618 def get_tractions(self):
2619 '''
2620 Get source traction vectors.
2622 If :py:attr:`rake` is given, unit length directed traction vectors
2623 (:py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.tractions.DirectedTractions`) are returned,
2624 else the given :py:attr:`tractions` are used.
2626 :returns:
2627 Traction vectors per patch.
2628 :rtype:
2629 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_patches, 3)``.
2630 '''
2632 if self.rake is not None:
2633 if num.isnan(self.rake):
2634 raise ValueError('Rake must be a real number, not NaN.')
2636 logger.warning(
2637 'Tractions are derived based on the given source rake.')
2638 tractions = DirectedTractions(rake=self.rake)
2639 else:
2640 tractions = self.tractions
2641 return tractions.get_tractions(self.nx, self.ny, self.patches)
2643 def base_key(self):
2644 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.base_key(self) + (
2645 self.slip,
2646 self.strike,
2647 self.dip,
2648 self.rake,
2649 self.length,
2650 self.width,
2651 float(self.nucleation_x.mean()),
2652 float(self.nucleation_y.mean()),
2653 self.decimation_factor,
2654 self.anchor,
2655 self.pure_shear,
2656 self.gamma,
2657 tuple(self.patch_mask))
2659 def check_conflicts(self):
2660 if self.tractions and self.rake:
2661 raise AttributeError(
2662 'Tractions and rake are mutually exclusive.')
2663 if self.tractions is None and self.rake is None:
2664 self.rake = 0.
2666 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
2667 self.check_conflicts()
2668 if self.slip is not None or self.tractions is not None:
2669 if store is None:
2670 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
2671 'Magnitude for a rectangular source with slip or '
2672 'tractions defined can only be derived when earth model '
2673 'is set.')
2675 moment_rate, calc_times = self.discretize_basesource(
2676 store, target=target).get_moment_rate(store.config.deltat)
2678 deltat = num.concatenate((
2679 (num.diff(calc_times)[0],),
2680 num.diff(calc_times)))
2682 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(
2683 num.sum(moment_rate * deltat)))
2685 else:
2686 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(1.0))
2688 def get_factor(self):
2689 return 1.0
2691 def outline(self, cs='xyz'):
2692 '''
2693 Get source outline corner coordinates.
2695 :param cs:
2696 :ref:`Output coordinate system <coordinate-system-names>`.
2697 :type cs:
2698 optional, str
2700 :returns:
2701 Corner points in desired coordinate system.
2702 :rtype:
2703 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(5, [2, 3])``.
2704 '''
2705 points = outline_rect_source(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
2706 self.width, self.anchor)
2708 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
2709 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
2710 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2711 if cs == 'xyz':
2712 return points
2713 elif cs == 'xy':
2714 return points[:, :2]
2715 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat', 'latlondepth'):
2716 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
2717 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
2719 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
2720 if cs == 'latlon':
2721 return latlon
2722 elif cs == 'lonlat':
2723 return latlon[:, ::-1]
2724 else:
2725 return num.concatenate(
2726 (latlon, points[:, 2].reshape((len(points), 1))),
2727 axis=1)
2729 def points_on_source(self, cs='xyz', **kwargs):
2730 '''
2731 Convert relative plane coordinates to geographical coordinates.
2733 Given x and y coordinates (relative source coordinates between -1.
2734 and 1.) are converted to desired geographical coordinates. Coordinates
2735 need to be given as :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray` arguments ``points_x``
2736 and ``points_y``.
2738 :param cs:
2739 :ref:`Output coordinate system <coordinate-system-names>`.
2740 :type cs:
2741 optional, str
2743 :returns:
2744 Point coordinates in desired coordinate system.
2745 :rtype:
2746 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, [2, 3])``.
2747 '''
2748 points = points_on_rect_source(
2749 self.strike, self.dip, self.length, self.width,
2750 self.anchor, **kwargs)
2752 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
2753 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
2754 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2755 if cs == 'xyz':
2756 return points
2757 elif cs == 'xy':
2758 return points[:, :2]
2759 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat', 'latlondepth'):
2760 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
2761 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
2763 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
2764 if cs == 'latlon':
2765 return latlon
2766 elif cs == 'lonlat':
2767 return latlon[:, ::-1]
2768 else:
2769 return num.concatenate(
2770 (latlon, points[:, 2].reshape((len(points), 1))),
2771 axis=1)
2773 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
2774 if store is not None:
2775 if not self.patches:
2776 self.discretize_patches(store)
2778 data = self.get_slip()
2779 else:
2780 data = self.get_tractions()
2782 weights = num.linalg.norm(data, axis=1)
2783 weights /= weights.sum()
2785 rakes = num.arctan2(data[:, 1], data[:, 0]) * r2d
2786 rake = num.average(rakes, weights=weights)
2788 return pmt.MomentTensor(
2789 strike=self.strike,
2790 dip=self.dip,
2791 rake=rake,
2792 scalar_moment=self.get_moment(store, target))
2794 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
2795 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.pyrocko_event(
2796 self, store, target,
2797 **kwargs)
2799 @classmethod
2800 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
2801 d = {}
2802 mt = ev.moment_tensor
2803 if mt:
2804 (strike, dip, rake), _ = mt.both_strike_dip_rake()
2805 d.update(
2806 strike=float(strike),
2807 dip=float(dip),
2808 rake=float(rake))
2810 d.update(kwargs)
2811 return super(PseudoDynamicRupture, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
2813 def _discretize_points(self, store, *args, **kwargs):
2814 '''
2815 Discretize source plane with equal vertical and horizontal spacing.
2817 Additional ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are passed to
2818 :py:meth:`points_on_source`.
2820 :param store:
2821 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
2822 source).
2823 :type store:
2824 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
2826 :returns:
2827 Number of points in strike and dip direction, distance
2828 between adjacent points, coordinates (latlondepth) and coordinates
2829 (xy on fault) for discrete points.
2830 :rtype:
2831 (int, int, float, :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`,
2832 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`).
2833 '''
2834 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[self.anchor]
2836 npoints = int(self.width // km) + 1
2837 points = num.zeros((npoints, 3))
2838 points[:, 1] = num.linspace(-1., 1., npoints)
2839 points[:, 1] = (points[:, 1] - anch_y) * self.width/2
2841 rotmat = num.asarray(
2842 pmt.euler_to_matrix(self.dip*d2r, self.strike*d2r, 0.0))
2843 points = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
2844 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2846 vs_min = store.config.get_vs(
2847 self.lat, self.lon, points,
2848 interpolation='nearest_neighbor')
2849 vr_min = max(vs_min.min(), .5*km) * self.gamma
2851 oversampling = 10.
2852 delta_l = self.length / (self.nx * oversampling)
2853 delta_w = self.width / (self.ny * oversampling)
2855 delta = self.eikonal_decimation * num.min([
2856 store.config.deltat * vr_min / oversampling,
2857 delta_l, delta_w] + [
2858 deltas for deltas in store.config.deltas])
2860 delta = delta_w / num.ceil(delta_w / delta)
2862 nx = int(num.ceil(self.length / delta)) + 1
2863 ny = int(num.ceil(self.width / delta)) + 1
2865 rem_l = (nx-1)*delta - self.length
2866 lim_x = rem_l / self.length
2868 points_xy = num.zeros((nx * ny, 2))
2869 points_xy[:, 0] = num.repeat(
2870 num.linspace(-1.-lim_x, 1.+lim_x, nx), ny)
2871 points_xy[:, 1] = num.tile(
2872 num.linspace(-1., 1., ny), nx)
2874 points = self.points_on_source(
2875 points_x=points_xy[:, 0],
2876 points_y=points_xy[:, 1],
2877 **kwargs)
2879 return nx, ny, delta, points, points_xy
2881 def _discretize_rupture_v(self, store, interpolation='nearest_neighbor',
2882 points=None):
2883 '''
2884 Get rupture velocity for discrete points on source plane.
2886 :param store:
2887 Green's function database (needs to cover the whole region of the
2888 source)
2889 :type store:
2890 optional, :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
2892 :param interpolation:
2893 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
2894 and ``'multilinear'``).
2895 :type interpolation:
2896 optional, str
2898 :param points:
2899 Coordinates on fault (-1.:1.) of discrete points.
2900 :type points:
2901 optional, :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, 2)``
2903 :returns:
2904 Rupture velocity assumed as :math:`v_s * \\gamma` for discrete
2905 points.
2906 :rtype:
2907 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, )``.
2908 '''
2910 if points is None:
2911 _, _, _, points, _ = self._discretize_points(store, cs='xyz')
2913 return store.config.get_vs(
2914 self.lat, self.lon,
2915 points=points,
2916 interpolation=interpolation) * self.gamma
2918 def discretize_time(
2919 self, store, interpolation='nearest_neighbor',
2920 vr=None, times=None, *args, **kwargs):
2921 '''
2922 Get rupture start time for discrete points on source plane.
2924 :param store:
2925 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
2926 source)
2927 :type store:
2928 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
2930 :param interpolation:
2931 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
2932 and ``'multilinear'``).
2933 :type interpolation:
2934 optional, str
2936 :param vr:
2937 Array, containing rupture user defined rupture velocity values.
2938 :type vr:
2939 optional, :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`
2941 :param times:
2942 Array, containing zeros, where rupture is starting, real positive
2943 numbers at later secondary nucleation points and -1, where time
2944 will be calculated. If not given, rupture starts at nucleation_x,
2945 nucleation_y. Times are given for discrete points with equal
2946 horizontal and vertical spacing.
2947 :type times:
2948 optional, :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`
2950 :returns:
2951 Coordinates (latlondepth), coordinates (xy), rupture velocity,
2952 rupture propagation time of discrete points.
2953 :rtype:
2954 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, 3)``,
2955 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, 2)``,
2956 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points_dip, n_points_strike)``,
2957 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points_dip, n_points_strike)``.
2958 '''
2959 nx, ny, delta, points, points_xy = self._discretize_points(
2960 store, cs='xyz')
2962 if vr is None or vr.shape != tuple((nx, ny)):
2963 if vr:
2964 logger.warning(
2965 'Given rupture velocities are not in right shape: '
2966 '(%i, %i), but needed is (%i, %i).', *vr.shape + (nx, ny))
2967 vr = self._discretize_rupture_v(store, interpolation, points)\
2968 .reshape(nx, ny)
2970 if vr.shape != tuple((nx, ny)):
2971 logger.warning(
2972 'Given rupture velocities are not in right shape. Therefore'
2973 ' standard rupture velocity array is used.')
2975 def initialize_times():
2976 nucl_x, nucl_y = self.nucleation_x, self.nucleation_y
2978 if nucl_x.shape != nucl_y.shape:
2979 raise ValueError(
2980 'Nucleation coordinates have different shape.')
2982 dist_points = num.array([
2983 num.linalg.norm(points_xy - num.array([x, y]).ravel(), axis=1)
2984 for x, y in zip(nucl_x, nucl_y)])
2985 nucl_indices = num.argmin(dist_points, axis=1)
2987 if self.nucleation_time is None:
2988 nucl_times = num.zeros_like(nucl_indices)
2989 else:
2990 if self.nucleation_time.shape == nucl_x.shape:
2991 nucl_times = self.nucleation_time
2992 else:
2993 raise ValueError(
2994 'Nucleation coordinates and times have different '
2995 'shapes')
2997 t = num.full(nx * ny, -1.)
2998 t[nucl_indices] = nucl_times
2999 return t.reshape(nx, ny)
3001 if times is None:
3002 times = initialize_times()
3003 elif times.shape != tuple((nx, ny)):
3004 times = initialize_times()
3005 logger.warning(
3006 'Given times are not in right shape. Therefore standard time'
3007 ' array is used.')
3009 eikonal_ext.eikonal_solver_fmm_cartesian(
3010 speeds=vr, times=times, delta=delta)
3012 return points, points_xy, vr, times
3014 def get_vr_time_interpolators(
3015 self, store, interpolation='nearest_neighbor', force=False,
3016 **kwargs):
3017 '''
3018 Get interpolators for rupture velocity and rupture time.
3020 Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to :py:meth:`discretize_time`.
3022 :param store:
3023 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
3024 source).
3025 :type store:
3026 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3028 :param interpolation:
3029 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
3030 and ``'multilinear'``).
3031 :type interpolation:
3032 optional, str
3034 :param force:
3035 Force recalculation of the interpolators (e.g. after change of
3036 nucleation point locations/times). Default is ``False``.
3037 :type force:
3038 optional, bool
3039 '''
3040 interp_map = {'multilinear': 'linear', 'nearest_neighbor': 'nearest'}
3041 if interpolation not in interp_map:
3042 raise TypeError(
3043 'Interpolation method %s not available' % interpolation)
3045 if not self._interpolators.get(interpolation, False) or force:
3046 _, points_xy, vr, times = self.discretize_time(
3047 store, **kwargs)
3049 if self.length <= 0.:
3050 raise ValueError(
3051 'length must be larger then 0. not %g' % self.length)
3053 if self.width <= 0.:
3054 raise ValueError(
3055 'width must be larger then 0. not %g' % self.width)
3057 nx, ny = times.shape
3058 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[self.anchor]
3060 points_xy[:, 0] = (points_xy[:, 0] - anch_x) * self.length / 2.
3061 points_xy[:, 1] = (points_xy[:, 1] - anch_y) * self.width / 2.
3063 self._interpolators[interpolation] = (
3064 nx, ny, times, vr,
3065 RegularGridInterpolator(
3066 (points_xy[::ny, 0], points_xy[:ny, 1]), times,
3067 method=interp_map[interpolation]),
3068 RegularGridInterpolator(
3069 (points_xy[::ny, 0], points_xy[:ny, 1]), vr,
3070 method=interp_map[interpolation]))
3071 return self._interpolators[interpolation]
3073 def discretize_patches(
3074 self, store, interpolation='nearest_neighbor', force=False,
3075 grid_shape=(),
3076 **kwargs):
3077 '''
3078 Get rupture start time and OkadaSource elements for points on rupture.
3080 All source elements and their corresponding center points are
3081 calculated and stored in the :py:attr:`patches` attribute.
3083 Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to :py:meth:`discretize_time`.
3085 :param store:
3086 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
3087 source).
3088 :type store:
3089 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3091 :param interpolation:
3092 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
3093 and ``'multilinear'``).
3094 :type interpolation:
3095 optional, str
3097 :param force:
3098 Force recalculation of the vr and time interpolators ( e.g. after
3099 change of nucleation point locations/times). Default is ``False``.
3100 :type force:
3101 optional, bool
3103 :param grid_shape:
3104 Desired sub fault patch grid size (nlength, nwidth). Either factor
3105 or grid_shape should be set.
3106 :type grid_shape:
3107 optional, tuple of int
3108 '''
3109 nx, ny, times, vr, time_interpolator, vr_interpolator = \
3110 self.get_vr_time_interpolators(
3111 store,
3112 interpolation=interpolation, force=force, **kwargs)
3113 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[self.anchor]
3115 al = self.length / 2.
3116 aw = self.width / 2.
3117 al1 = -(al + anch_x * al)
3118 al2 = al - anch_x * al
3119 aw1 = -aw + anch_y * aw
3120 aw2 = aw + anch_y * aw
3121 assert num.abs([al1, al2]).sum() == self.length
3122 assert num.abs([aw1, aw2]).sum() == self.width
3124 def get_lame(*a, **kw):
3125 shear_mod = store.config.get_shear_moduli(*a, **kw)
3126 lamb = store.config.get_vp(*a, **kw)**2 \
3127 * store.config.get_rho(*a, **kw) - 2. * shear_mod
3128 return shear_mod, lamb / (2. * (lamb + shear_mod))
3130 shear_mod, poisson = get_lame(
3131 self.lat, self.lon,
3132 num.array([[self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth]]),
3133 interpolation=interpolation)
3135 okada_src = OkadaSource(
3136 lat=self.lat, lon=self.lon,
3137 strike=self.strike, dip=self.dip,
3138 north_shift=self.north_shift, east_shift=self.east_shift,
3139 depth=self.depth,
3140 al1=al1, al2=al2, aw1=aw1, aw2=aw2,
3141 poisson=poisson.mean(),
3142 shearmod=shear_mod.mean(),
3143 opening=kwargs.get('opening', 0.))
3145 if not (self.nx and self.ny):
3146 if grid_shape:
3147 self.nx, self.ny = grid_shape
3148 else:
3149 self.nx = nx
3150 self.ny = ny
3152 source_disc, source_points = okada_src.discretize(self.nx, self.ny)
3154 shear_mod, poisson = get_lame(
3155 self.lat, self.lon,
3156 num.array([src.source_patch()[:3] for src in source_disc]),
3157 interpolation=interpolation)
3159 if (self.nx, self.ny) != (nx, ny):
3160 times_interp = time_interpolator(source_points[:, :2])
3161 vr_interp = vr_interpolator(source_points[:, :2])
3162 else:
3163 times_interp = times.T.ravel()
3164 vr_interp = vr.T.ravel()
3166 for isrc, src in enumerate(source_disc):
3167 src.vr = vr_interp[isrc]
3168 src.time = times_interp[isrc] + self.time
3170 self.patches = source_disc
3172 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
3173 '''
3174 Prepare source for synthetic waveform calculation.
3176 :param store:
3177 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
3178 source).
3179 :type store:
3180 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3182 :param target:
3183 Target information.
3184 :type target:
3185 optional, :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.targets.Target`
3187 :returns:
3188 Source discretized by a set of moment tensors and times.
3189 :rtype:
3190 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.meta.DiscretizedMTSource`
3191 '''
3192 if not target:
3193 interpolation = 'nearest_neighbor'
3194 else:
3195 interpolation = target.interpolation
3197 if not self.patches:
3198 self.discretize_patches(store, interpolation)
3200 if self.coef_mat is None:
3201 self.calc_coef_mat()
3203 delta_slip, slip_times = self.get_delta_slip(store)
3204 npatches = self.nx * self.ny
3205 ntimes = slip_times.size
3207 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[self.anchor]
3209 pln = self.length / self.nx
3210 pwd = self.width / self.ny
3212 patch_coords = num.array([
3213 (p.ix, p.iy)
3214 for p in self.patches]).reshape(self.nx, self.ny, 2)
3216 # boundary condition is zero-slip
3217 # is not valid to avoid unwished interpolation effects
3218 slip_grid = num.zeros((self.nx + 2, self.ny + 2, ntimes, 3))
3219 slip_grid[1:-1, 1:-1, :, :] = \
3220 delta_slip.reshape(self.nx, self.ny, ntimes, 3)
3222 slip_grid[0, 0, :, :] = slip_grid[1, 1, :, :]
3223 slip_grid[0, -1, :, :] = slip_grid[1, -2, :, :]
3224 slip_grid[-1, 0, :, :] = slip_grid[-2, 1, :, :]
3225 slip_grid[-1, -1, :, :] = slip_grid[-2, -2, :, :]
3227 slip_grid[1:-1, 0, :, :] = slip_grid[1:-1, 1, :, :]
3228 slip_grid[1:-1, -1, :, :] = slip_grid[1:-1, -2, :, :]
3229 slip_grid[0, 1:-1, :, :] = slip_grid[1, 1:-1, :, :]
3230 slip_grid[-1, 1:-1, :, :] = slip_grid[-2, 1:-1, :, :]
3232 def make_grid(patch_parameter):
3233 grid = num.zeros((self.nx + 2, self.ny + 2))
3234 grid[1:-1, 1:-1] = patch_parameter.reshape(self.nx, self.ny)
3236 grid[0, 0] = grid[1, 1]
3237 grid[0, -1] = grid[1, -2]
3238 grid[-1, 0] = grid[-2, 1]
3239 grid[-1, -1] = grid[-2, -2]
3241 grid[1:-1, 0] = grid[1:-1, 1]
3242 grid[1:-1, -1] = grid[1:-1, -2]
3243 grid[0, 1:-1] = grid[1, 1:-1]
3244 grid[-1, 1:-1] = grid[-2, 1:-1]
3246 return grid
3248 lamb = self.get_patch_attribute('lamb')
3249 mu = self.get_patch_attribute('shearmod')
3251 lamb_grid = make_grid(lamb)
3252 mu_grid = make_grid(mu)
3254 coords_x = num.zeros(self.nx + 2)
3255 coords_x[1:-1] = patch_coords[:, 0, 0]
3256 coords_x[0] = coords_x[1] - pln / 2
3257 coords_x[-1] = coords_x[-2] + pln / 2
3259 coords_y = num.zeros(self.ny + 2)
3260 coords_y[1:-1] = patch_coords[0, :, 1]
3261 coords_y[0] = coords_y[1] - pwd / 2
3262 coords_y[-1] = coords_y[-2] + pwd / 2
3264 slip_interp = RegularGridInterpolator(
3265 (coords_x, coords_y, slip_times),
3266 slip_grid, method='nearest')
3268 lamb_interp = RegularGridInterpolator(
3269 (coords_x, coords_y),
3270 lamb_grid, method='nearest')
3272 mu_interp = RegularGridInterpolator(
3273 (coords_x, coords_y),
3274 mu_grid, method='nearest')
3276 # discretize basesources
3277 mindeltagf = min(tuple(
3278 (self.length / self.nx, self.width / self.ny) +
3279 tuple(store.config.deltas)))
3281 nl = int((1. / self.decimation_factor) *
3282 num.ceil(pln / mindeltagf)) + 1
3283 nw = int((1. / self.decimation_factor) *
3284 num.ceil(pwd / mindeltagf)) + 1
3285 nsrc_patch = int(nl * nw)
3286 dl = pln / nl
3287 dw = pwd / nw
3289 patch_area = dl * dw
3291 xl = num.linspace(-0.5 * (pln - dl), 0.5 * (pln - dl), nl)
3292 xw = num.linspace(-0.5 * (pwd - dw), 0.5 * (pwd - dw), nw)
3294 base_coords = num.zeros((nsrc_patch, 3), dtype=num.float)
3295 base_coords[:, 0] = num.tile(xl, nw)
3296 base_coords[:, 1] = num.repeat(xw, nl)
3297 base_coords = num.tile(base_coords, (npatches, 1))
3299 center_coords = num.zeros((npatches, 3))
3300 center_coords[:, 0] = num.repeat(
3301 num.arange(self.nx) * pln + pln / 2, self.ny) - self.length / 2
3302 center_coords[:, 1] = num.tile(
3303 num.arange(self.ny) * pwd + pwd / 2, self.nx) - self.width / 2
3305 base_coords -= center_coords.repeat(nsrc_patch, axis=0)
3306 nbaselocs = base_coords.shape[0]
3308 base_interp = base_coords.repeat(ntimes, axis=0)
3310 base_times = num.tile(slip_times, nbaselocs)
3311 base_interp[:, 0] -= anch_x * self.length / 2
3312 base_interp[:, 1] -= anch_y * self.width / 2
3313 base_interp[:, 2] = base_times
3315 _, _, _, _, time_interpolator, _ = self.get_vr_time_interpolators(
3316 store, interpolation=interpolation)
3318 time_eikonal_max = time_interpolator.values.max()
3320 nbasesrcs = base_interp.shape[0]
3321 delta_slip = slip_interp(base_interp).reshape(nbaselocs, ntimes, 3)
3322 lamb = lamb_interp(base_interp[:, :2]).ravel()
3323 mu = mu_interp(base_interp[:, :2]).ravel()
3325 if False:
3326 try:
3327 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
3328 coords = base_coords.copy()
3329 norm = num.sum(num.linalg.norm(delta_slip, axis=2), axis=1)
3330 plt.scatter(coords[:, 0], coords[:, 1], c=norm)
3331 plt.show()
3332 except AttributeError:
3333 pass
3335 base_interp[:, 2] = 0.
3336 rotmat = num.asarray(
3337 pmt.euler_to_matrix(self.dip * d2r, self.strike * d2r, 0.0))
3338 base_interp = num.dot(rotmat.T, base_interp.T).T
3339 base_interp[:, 0] += self.north_shift
3340 base_interp[:, 1] += self.east_shift
3341 base_interp[:, 2] += self.depth
3343 slip_strike = delta_slip[:, :, 0].ravel()
3344 slip_dip = delta_slip[:, :, 1].ravel()
3345 slip_norm = delta_slip[:, :, 2].ravel()
3347 slip_shear = num.linalg.norm([slip_strike, slip_dip], axis=0)
3348 slip_rake = r2d * num.arctan2(slip_dip, slip_strike)
3350 m6s = okada_ext.patch2m6(
3351 strikes=num.full(nbasesrcs, self.strike, dtype=num.float),
3352 dips=num.full(nbasesrcs, self.dip, dtype=num.float),
3353 rakes=slip_rake,
3354 disl_shear=slip_shear,
3355 disl_norm=slip_norm,
3356 lamb=lamb,
3357 mu=mu,
3358 nthreads=self.nthreads)
3360 m6s *= patch_area
3362 dl = -self.patches[0].al1 + self.patches[0].al2
3363 dw = -self.patches[0].aw1 + self.patches[0].aw2
3365 base_times[base_times > time_eikonal_max] = time_eikonal_max
3367 ds = meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
3368 lat=self.lat,
3369 lon=self.lon,
3370 times=base_times + self.time,
3371 north_shifts=base_interp[:, 0],
3372 east_shifts=base_interp[:, 1],
3373 depths=base_interp[:, 2],
3374 m6s=m6s,
3375 dl=dl,
3376 dw=dw,
3377 nl=self.nx,
3378 nw=self.ny)
3380 return ds
3382 def calc_coef_mat(self):
3383 '''
3384 Calculate coefficients connecting tractions and dislocations.
3385 '''
3386 if not self.patches:
3387 raise ValueError(
3388 'Patches are needed. Please calculate them first.')
3390 self.coef_mat = make_okada_coefficient_matrix(
3391 self.patches, nthreads=self.nthreads, pure_shear=self.pure_shear)
3393 def get_patch_attribute(self, attr):
3394 '''
3395 Get patch attributes.
3397 :param attr:
3398 Name of selected attribute (see
3399 :py:class`pyrocko.modelling.okada.OkadaSource`).
3400 :type attr:
3401 str
3403 :returns:
3404 Array with attribute value for each fault patch.
3405 :rtype:
3406 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`
3408 '''
3409 if not self.patches:
3410 raise ValueError(
3411 'Patches are needed. Please calculate them first.')
3412 return num.array([getattr(p, attr) for p in self.patches])
3414 def get_slip(
3415 self,
3416 time=None,
3417 scale_slip=True,
3418 interpolation='nearest_neighbor',
3419 **kwargs):
3420 '''
3421 Get slip per subfault patch for given time after rupture start.
3423 :param time:
3424 Time after origin [s], for which slip is computed. If not
3425 given, final static slip is returned.
3426 :type time:
3427 optional, float > 0.
3429 :param scale_slip:
3430 If ``True`` and :py:attr:`slip` given, all slip values are scaled
3431 to fit the given maximum slip.
3432 :type scale_slip:
3433 optional, bool
3435 :param interpolation:
3436 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
3437 and ``'multilinear'``).
3438 :type interpolation:
3439 optional, str
3441 :returns:
3442 Inverted dislocations (:math:`u_{strike}, u_{dip}, u_{tensile}`)
3443 for each source patch.
3444 :rtype:
3445 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_sources, 3)``
3446 '''
3448 if self.patches is None:
3449 raise ValueError(
3450 'Please discretize the source first (discretize_patches())')
3451 npatches = len(self.patches)
3452 tractions = self.get_tractions()
3453 time_patch_max = self.get_patch_attribute('time').max() - self.time
3455 time_patch = time
3456 if time is None:
3457 time_patch = time_patch_max
3459 if self.coef_mat is None:
3460 self.calc_coef_mat()
3462 if tractions.shape != (npatches, 3):
3463 raise AttributeError(
3464 'The traction vector is of invalid shape.'
3465 ' Required shape is (npatches, 3)')
3467 patch_mask = num.ones(npatches, dtype=num.bool)
3468 if self.patch_mask is not None:
3469 patch_mask = self.patch_mask
3471 times = self.get_patch_attribute('time') - self.time
3472 times[~patch_mask] = time_patch + 1. # exlcude unmasked patches
3473 relevant_sources = num.nonzero(times <= time_patch)[0]
3474 disloc_est = num.zeros_like(tractions)
3476 if self.smooth_rupture:
3477 patch_activation = num.zeros(npatches)
3479 nx, ny, times, vr, time_interpolator, vr_interpolator = \
3480 self.get_vr_time_interpolators(
3481 store, interpolation=interpolation)
3483 # Getting the native Eikonal grid, bit hackish
3484 points_x = num.round(time_interpolator.grid[0], decimals=2)
3485 points_y = num.round(time_interpolator.grid[1], decimals=2)
3486 times_eikonal = time_interpolator.values
3488 time_max = time
3489 if time is None:
3490 time_max = times_eikonal.max()
3492 for ip, p in enumerate(self.patches):
3493 ul = num.round((p.ix + p.al1, p.iy + p.aw1), decimals=2)
3494 lr = num.round((p.ix + p.al2, p.iy + p.aw2), decimals=2)
3496 idx_length = num.logical_and(
3497 points_x >= ul[0], points_x <= lr[0])
3498 idx_width = num.logical_and(
3499 points_y >= ul[1], points_y <= lr[1])
3501 times_patch = times_eikonal[num.ix_(idx_length, idx_width)]
3502 if times_patch.size == 0:
3503 raise AttributeError('could not use smooth_rupture')
3505 patch_activation[ip] = \
3506 (times_patch <= time_max).sum() / times_patch.size
3508 if time_patch == 0 and time_patch != time_patch_max:
3509 patch_activation[ip] = 0.
3511 patch_activation[~patch_mask] = 0. # exlcude unmasked patches
3513 relevant_sources = num.nonzero(patch_activation > 0.)[0]
3515 if relevant_sources.size == 0:
3516 return disloc_est
3518 indices_disl = num.repeat(relevant_sources * 3, 3)
3519 indices_disl[1::3] += 1
3520 indices_disl[2::3] += 2
3522 disloc_est[relevant_sources] = invert_fault_dislocations_bem(
3523 stress_field=tractions[relevant_sources, :].ravel(),
3524 coef_mat=self.coef_mat[indices_disl, :][:, indices_disl],
3525 pure_shear=self.pure_shear, nthreads=self.nthreads,
3526 epsilon=None,
3527 **kwargs)
3529 if self.smooth_rupture:
3530 disloc_est *= patch_activation[:, num.newaxis]
3532 if scale_slip and self.slip is not None:
3533 disloc_tmax = num.zeros(npatches)
3535 indices_disl = num.repeat(num.nonzero(patch_mask)[0] * 3, 3)
3536 indices_disl[1::3] += 1
3537 indices_disl[2::3] += 2
3539 disloc_tmax[patch_mask] = num.linalg.norm(
3540 invert_fault_dislocations_bem(
3541 stress_field=tractions[patch_mask, :].ravel(),
3542 coef_mat=self.coef_mat[indices_disl, :][:, indices_disl],
3543 pure_shear=self.pure_shear, nthreads=self.nthreads,
3544 epsilon=None,
3545 **kwargs), axis=1)
3547 disloc_tmax_max = disloc_tmax.max()
3548 if disloc_tmax_max == 0.:
3549 logger.warning(
3550 'slip scaling not performed. Maximum slip is 0.')
3552 disloc_est *= self.slip / disloc_tmax_max
3554 return disloc_est
3556 def get_delta_slip(
3557 self,
3558 store=None,
3559 deltat=None,
3560 delta=True,
3561 interpolation='nearest_neighbor',
3562 **kwargs):
3563 '''
3564 Get slip change snapshots.
3566 The time interval, within which the slip changes are computed is
3567 determined by the sampling rate of the Green's function database or
3568 ``deltat``. Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to :py:meth:`get_slip`.
3570 :param store:
3571 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of of the
3572 source). Its sampling interval is used as time increment for slip
3573 difference calculation. Either ``deltat`` or ``store`` should be
3574 given.
3575 :type store:
3576 optional, :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3578 :param deltat:
3579 Time interval for slip difference calculation [s]. Either
3580 ``deltat`` or ``store`` should be given.
3581 :type deltat:
3582 optional, float
3584 :param delta:
3585 If ``True``, slip differences between two time steps are given. If
3586 ``False``, cumulative slip for all time steps.
3587 :type delta:
3588 optional, bool
3590 :param interpolation:
3591 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
3592 and ``'multilinear'``).
3593 :type interpolation:
3594 optional, str
3596 :returns:
3597 Displacement changes(:math:`\\Delta u_{strike},
3598 \\Delta u_{dip} , \\Delta u_{tensile}`) for each source patch and
3599 time; corner times, for which delta slip is computed. The order of
3600 displacement changes array is:
3602 .. math::
3604 &[[\\\\
3605 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch1, t1},
3606 \\Delta u_{dip, patch1, t1},
3607 \\Delta u_{tensile, patch1, t1}],\\\\
3608 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch1, t2},
3609 \\Delta u_{dip, patch1, t2},
3610 \\Delta u_{tensile, patch1, t2}]\\\\
3611 &], [\\\\
3612 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch2, t1}, ...],\\\\
3613 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch2, t2}, ...]]]\\\\
3615 :rtype: :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_sources, n_times, 3)``,
3616 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``
3617 '''
3618 if store and deltat:
3619 raise AttributeError(
3620 'Argument collision. '
3621 'Please define only the store or the deltat argument.')
3623 if store:
3624 deltat = store.config.deltat
3626 if not deltat:
3627 raise AttributeError('Please give a GF store or set deltat.')
3629 npatches = len(self.patches)
3631 _, _, _, _, time_interpolator, _ = self.get_vr_time_interpolators(
3632 store, interpolation=interpolation)
3633 tmax = time_interpolator.values.max()
3635 calc_times = num.arange(0., tmax + deltat, deltat)
3636 calc_times[calc_times > tmax] = tmax
3638 disloc_est = num.zeros((npatches, calc_times.size, 3))
3640 for itime, t in enumerate(calc_times):
3641 disloc_est[:, itime, :] = self.get_slip(
3642 time=t, scale_slip=False, **kwargs)
3644 if self.slip:
3645 disloc_tmax = num.linalg.norm(
3646 self.get_slip(scale_slip=False, time=tmax),
3647 axis=1)
3649 disloc_tmax_max = disloc_tmax.max()
3650 if disloc_tmax_max == 0.:
3651 logger.warning(
3652 'Slip scaling not performed. Maximum slip is 0.')
3653 else:
3654 disloc_est *= self.slip / disloc_tmax_max
3656 if not delta:
3657 return disloc_est, calc_times
3659 # if we have only one timestep there is no gradient
3660 if calc_times.size > 1:
3661 disloc_init = disloc_est[:, 0, :]
3662 disloc_est = num.diff(disloc_est, axis=1)
3663 disloc_est = num.concatenate((
3664 disloc_init[:, num.newaxis, :], disloc_est), axis=1)
3666 calc_times = calc_times
3668 return disloc_est, calc_times
3670 def get_slip_rate(self, *args, **kwargs):
3671 '''
3672 Get slip rate inverted from patches.
3674 The time interval, within which the slip rates are computed is
3675 determined by the sampling rate of the Green's function database or
3676 ``deltat``. Additional ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are passed to
3677 :py:meth:`get_delta_slip`.
3679 :returns:
3680 Slip rates (:math:`\\Delta u_{strike}/\\Delta t`,
3681 :math:`\\Delta u_{dip}/\\Delta t, \\Delta u_{tensile}/\\Delta t`)
3682 for each source patch and time; corner times, for which slip rate
3683 is computed. The order of sliprate array is:
3685 .. math::
3687 &[[\\\\
3688 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch1, t1}/\\Delta t,
3689 \\Delta u_{dip, patch1, t1}/\\Delta t,
3690 \\Delta u_{tensile, patch1, t1}/\\Delta t],\\\\
3691 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch1, t2}/\\Delta t,
3692 \\Delta u_{dip, patch1, t2}/\\Delta t,
3693 \\Delta u_{tensile, patch1, t2}/\\Delta t]], [\\\\
3694 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch2, t1}/\\Delta t, ...],\\\\
3695 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch2, t2}/\\Delta t, ...]]]\\\\
3697 :rtype: :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_sources, n_times, 3)``,
3698 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``
3699 '''
3700 ddisloc_est, calc_times = self.get_delta_slip(
3701 *args, delta=True, **kwargs)
3703 dt = num.concatenate(
3704 [(num.diff(calc_times)[0], ), num.diff(calc_times)])
3705 slip_rate = num.linalg.norm(ddisloc_est, axis=2) / dt
3707 return slip_rate, calc_times
3709 def get_moment_rate_patches(self, *args, **kwargs):
3710 '''
3711 Get scalar seismic moment rate for each patch individually.
3713 Additional ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are passed to
3714 :py:meth:`get_slip_rate`.
3716 :returns:
3717 Seismic moment rate for each source patch and time; corner times,
3718 for which patch moment rate is computed based on slip rate. The
3719 order of the moment rate array is:
3721 .. math::
3723 &[\\\\
3724 &[(\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{patch1, t1},
3725 (\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{patch1, t2}, ...],\\\\
3726 &[(\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{patch2, t1},
3727 (\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{patch, t2}, ...],\\\\
3728 &[...]]\\\\
3730 :rtype: :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_sources, n_times)``,
3731 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``
3732 '''
3733 slip_rate, calc_times = self.get_slip_rate(*args, **kwargs)
3735 shear_mod = self.get_patch_attribute('shearmod')
3736 p_length = self.get_patch_attribute('length')
3737 p_width = self.get_patch_attribute('width')
3739 dA = p_length * p_width
3741 mom_rate = shear_mod[:, num.newaxis] * slip_rate * dA[:, num.newaxis]
3743 return mom_rate, calc_times
3745 def get_moment_rate(self, store, target=None, deltat=None):
3746 '''
3747 Get seismic source moment rate for the total source (STF).
3749 :param store:
3750 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of of the
3751 source). Its ``deltat`` [s] is used as time increment for slip
3752 difference calculation. Either ``deltat`` or ``store`` should be
3753 given.
3754 :type store:
3755 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3757 :param target:
3758 Target information, needed for interpolation method.
3759 :type target:
3760 optional, :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.targets.Target`
3762 :param deltat:
3763 Time increment for slip difference calculation [s]. If not given
3764 ``store.deltat`` is used.
3765 :type deltat:
3766 optional, float
3768 :return:
3769 Seismic moment rate [Nm/s] for each time; corner times, for which
3770 moment rate is computed. The order of the moment rate array is:
3772 .. math::
3774 &[\\\\
3775 &(\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{t1},\\\\
3776 &(\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{t2},\\\\
3777 &...]\\\\
3779 :rtype:
3780 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``,
3781 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``
3782 '''
3783 if not deltat:
3784 deltat = store.config.deltat
3785 return self.discretize_basesource(
3786 store, target=target).get_moment_rate(deltat)
3788 def get_moment(self, *args, **kwargs):
3789 '''
3790 Get seismic cumulative moment.
3792 Additional ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are passed to
3793 :py:meth:`get_magnitude`.
3795 :returns:
3796 Cumulative seismic moment in [Nm].
3797 :rtype:
3798 float
3799 '''
3800 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.get_magnitude(
3801 *args, **kwargs)))
3803 def rescale_slip(self, magnitude=None, moment=None, **kwargs):
3804 '''
3805 Rescale source slip based on given target magnitude or seismic moment.
3807 Rescale the maximum source slip to fit the source moment magnitude or
3808 seismic moment to the given target values. Either ``magnitude`` or
3809 ``moment`` need to be given. Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to
3810 :py:meth:`get_moment`.
3812 :param magnitude:
3813 Target moment magnitude :math:`M_\\mathrm{w}` as in
3814 [Hanks and Kanamori, 1979]
3815 :type magnitude:
3816 optional, float
3818 :param moment:
3819 Target seismic moment :math:`M_0` [Nm].
3820 :type moment:
3821 optional, float
3822 '''
3823 if self.slip is None:
3824 self.slip = 1.
3825 logger.warning('No slip found for rescaling. '
3826 'An initial slip of 1 m is assumed.')
3828 if magnitude is None and moment is None:
3829 raise ValueError(
3830 'Either target magnitude or moment need to be given.')
3832 moment_init = self.get_moment(**kwargs)
3834 if magnitude is not None:
3835 moment = pmt.magnitude_to_moment(magnitude)
3837 self.slip *= moment / moment_init
3839 def get_centroid(self, store, *args, **kwargs):
3840 '''
3841 Centroid of the pseudo dynamic rupture model.
3843 The centroid location and time are derived from the locations and times
3844 of the individual patches weighted with their moment contribution.
3845 Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to :py:meth:`pyrocko_moment_tensor`.
3847 :param store:
3848 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of of the
3849 source). Its ``deltat`` [s] is used as time increment for slip
3850 difference calculation. Either ``deltat`` or ``store`` should be
3851 given.
3852 :type store:
3853 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3855 :returns:
3856 The centroid location and associated moment tensor.
3857 :rtype:
3858 :py:class:`pyrocko.model.Event`
3859 '''
3860 _, _, _, _, time, _ = self.get_vr_time_interpolators(store)
3861 t_max = time.values.max()
3863 moment_rate, times = self.get_moment_rate_patches(deltat=t_max)
3865 moment = num.sum(moment_rate * times, axis=1)
3866 weights = moment / moment.sum()
3868 norths = self.get_patch_attribute('north_shift')
3869 easts = self.get_patch_attribute('east_shift')
3870 depths = self.get_patch_attribute('depth')
3871 times = self.get_patch_attribute('time') - self.time
3873 centroid_n = num.sum(weights * norths)
3874 centroid_e = num.sum(weights * easts)
3875 centroid_d = num.sum(weights * depths)
3876 centroid_t = num.sum(weights * times) + self.time
3878 centroid_lat, centroid_lon = ne_to_latlon(
3879 self.lat, self.lon, centroid_n, centroid_e)
3881 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, *args, **kwargs)
3883 return model.Event(
3884 lat=centroid_lat,
3885 lon=centroid_lon,
3886 depth=centroid_d,
3887 time=centroid_t,
3888 moment_tensor=mt,
3889 magnitude=mt.magnitude,
3890 duration=t_max)
3893class DoubleDCSource(SourceWithMagnitude):
3894 '''
3895 Two double-couple point sources separated in space and time.
3896 Moment share between the sub-sources is controlled by the
3897 parameter mix.
3898 The position of the subsources is dependent on the moment
3899 distribution between the two sources. Depth, east and north
3900 shift are given for the centroid between the two double-couples.
3901 The subsources will positioned according to their moment shares
3902 around this centroid position.
3903 This is done according to their delta parameters, which are
3904 therefore in relation to that centroid.
3905 Note that depth of the subsources therefore can be
3906 depth+/-delta_depth. For shallow earthquakes therefore
3907 the depth has to be chosen deeper to avoid sampling
3908 above surface.
3909 '''
3911 strike1 = Float.T(
3912 default=0.0,
3913 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
3915 dip1 = Float.T(
3916 default=90.0,
3917 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
3919 azimuth = Float.T(
3920 default=0.0,
3921 help='azimuth to second double-couple [deg], '
3922 'measured at first, clockwise from north')
3924 rake1 = Float.T(
3925 default=0.0,
3926 help='rake angle in [deg], '
3927 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
3928 'in on-plane view')
3930 strike2 = Float.T(
3931 default=0.0,
3932 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
3934 dip2 = Float.T(
3935 default=90.0,
3936 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
3938 rake2 = Float.T(
3939 default=0.0,
3940 help='rake angle in [deg], '
3941 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
3942 'in on-plane view')
3944 delta_time = Float.T(
3945 default=0.0,
3946 help='separation of double-couples in time (t2-t1) [s]')
3948 delta_depth = Float.T(
3949 default=0.0,
3950 help='difference in depth (z2-z1) [m]')
3952 distance = Float.T(
3953 default=0.0,
3954 help='distance between the two double-couples [m]')
3956 mix = Float.T(
3957 default=0.5,
3958 help='how to distribute the moment to the two doublecouples '
3959 'mix=0 -> m1=1 and m2=0; mix=1 -> m1=0, m2=1')
3961 stf1 = STF.T(
3962 optional=True,
3963 help='Source time function of subsource 1 '
3964 '(if given, overrides STF from attribute :py:gattr:`Source.stf`)')
3966 stf2 = STF.T(
3967 optional=True,
3968 help='Source time function of subsource 2 '
3969 '(if given, overrides STF from attribute :py:gattr:`Source.stf`)')
3971 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
3973 def base_key(self):
3974 return (
3975 self.time, self.depth, self.lat, self.north_shift,
3976 self.lon, self.east_shift, type(self).__name__) + \
3977 self.effective_stf1_pre().base_key() + \
3978 self.effective_stf2_pre().base_key() + (
3979 self.strike1, self.dip1, self.rake1,
3980 self.strike2, self.dip2, self.rake2,
3981 self.delta_time, self.delta_depth,
3982 self.azimuth, self.distance, self.mix)
3984 def get_factor(self):
3985 return self.moment
3987 def effective_stf1_pre(self):
3988 return self.stf1 or self.stf or g_unit_pulse
3990 def effective_stf2_pre(self):
3991 return self.stf2 or self.stf or g_unit_pulse
3993 def effective_stf_post(self):
3994 return g_unit_pulse
3996 def split(self):
3997 a1 = 1.0 - self.mix
3998 a2 = self.mix
3999 delta_north = math.cos(self.azimuth * d2r) * self.distance
4000 delta_east = math.sin(self.azimuth * d2r) * self.distance
4002 dc1 = DCSource(
4003 lat=self.lat,
4004 lon=self.lon,
4005 time=self.time - self.delta_time * a2,
4006 north_shift=self.north_shift - delta_north * a2,
4007 east_shift=self.east_shift - delta_east * a2,
4008 depth=self.depth - self.delta_depth * a2,
4009 moment=self.moment * a1,
4010 strike=self.strike1,
4011 dip=self.dip1,
4012 rake=self.rake1,
4013 stf=self.stf1 or self.stf)
4015 dc2 = DCSource(
4016 lat=self.lat,
4017 lon=self.lon,
4018 time=self.time + self.delta_time * a1,
4019 north_shift=self.north_shift + delta_north * a1,
4020 east_shift=self.east_shift + delta_east * a1,
4021 depth=self.depth + self.delta_depth * a1,
4022 moment=self.moment * a2,
4023 strike=self.strike2,
4024 dip=self.dip2,
4025 rake=self.rake2,
4026 stf=self.stf2 or self.stf)
4028 return [dc1, dc2]
4030 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4031 a1 = 1.0 - self.mix
4032 a2 = self.mix
4033 mot1 = pmt.MomentTensor(strike=self.strike1, dip=self.dip1,
4034 rake=self.rake1, scalar_moment=a1)
4035 mot2 = pmt.MomentTensor(strike=self.strike2, dip=self.dip2,
4036 rake=self.rake2, scalar_moment=a2)
4038 delta_north = math.cos(self.azimuth * d2r) * self.distance
4039 delta_east = math.sin(self.azimuth * d2r) * self.distance
4041 times1, amplitudes1 = self.effective_stf1_pre().discretize_t(
4042 store.config.deltat, self.time - self.delta_time * a2)
4044 times2, amplitudes2 = self.effective_stf2_pre().discretize_t(
4045 store.config.deltat, self.time + self.delta_time * a1)
4047 nt1 = times1.size
4048 nt2 = times2.size
4050 ds = meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
4051 lat=self.lat,
4052 lon=self.lon,
4053 times=num.concatenate((times1, times2)),
4054 north_shifts=num.concatenate((
4055 num.repeat(self.north_shift - delta_north * a2, nt1),
4056 num.repeat(self.north_shift + delta_north * a1, nt2))),
4057 east_shifts=num.concatenate((
4058 num.repeat(self.east_shift - delta_east * a2, nt1),
4059 num.repeat(self.east_shift + delta_east * a1, nt2))),
4060 depths=num.concatenate((
4061 num.repeat(self.depth - self.delta_depth * a2, nt1),
4062 num.repeat(self.depth + self.delta_depth * a1, nt2))),
4063 m6s=num.vstack((
4064 mot1.m6()[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes1[:, num.newaxis],
4065 mot2.m6()[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes2[:, num.newaxis])))
4067 return ds
4069 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
4070 a1 = 1.0 - self.mix
4071 a2 = self.mix
4072 mot1 = pmt.MomentTensor(strike=self.strike1, dip=self.dip1,
4073 rake=self.rake1,
4074 scalar_moment=a1 * self.moment)
4075 mot2 = pmt.MomentTensor(strike=self.strike2, dip=self.dip2,
4076 rake=self.rake2,
4077 scalar_moment=a2 * self.moment)
4078 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=mot1.m() + mot2.m())
4080 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
4081 return SourceWithMagnitude.pyrocko_event(
4082 self, store, target,
4083 moment_tensor=self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target),
4084 **kwargs)
4086 @classmethod
4087 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
4088 d = {}
4089 mt = ev.moment_tensor
4090 if mt:
4091 (strike, dip, rake), _ = mt.both_strike_dip_rake()
4092 d.update(
4093 strike1=float(strike),
4094 dip1=float(dip),
4095 rake1=float(rake),
4096 strike2=float(strike),
4097 dip2=float(dip),
4098 rake2=float(rake),
4099 mix=0.0,
4100 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()))
4102 d.update(kwargs)
4103 source = super(DoubleDCSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
4104 source.stf1 = source.stf
4105 source.stf2 = HalfSinusoidSTF(effective_duration=0.)
4106 source.stf = None
4107 return source
4110class RingfaultSource(SourceWithMagnitude):
4111 '''
4112 A ring fault with vertical doublecouples.
4113 '''
4115 diameter = Float.T(
4116 default=1.0,
4117 help='diameter of the ring in [m]')
4119 sign = Float.T(
4120 default=1.0,
4121 help='inside of the ring moves up (+1) or down (-1)')
4123 strike = Float.T(
4124 default=0.0,
4125 help='strike direction of the ring plane, clockwise from north,'
4126 ' in [deg]')
4128 dip = Float.T(
4129 default=0.0,
4130 help='dip angle of the ring plane from horizontal in [deg]')
4132 npointsources = Int.T(
4133 default=360,
4134 help='number of point sources to use')
4136 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
4138 def base_key(self):
4139 return Source.base_key(self) + (
4140 self.strike, self.dip, self.diameter, self.npointsources)
4142 def get_factor(self):
4143 return self.sign * self.moment
4145 def discretize_basesource(self, store=None, target=None):
4146 n = self.npointsources
4147 phi = num.linspace(0, 2.0 * num.pi, n, endpoint=False)
4149 points = num.zeros((n, 3))
4150 points[:, 0] = num.cos(phi) * 0.5 * self.diameter
4151 points[:, 1] = num.sin(phi) * 0.5 * self.diameter
4153 rotmat = num.array(pmt.euler_to_matrix(
4154 self.dip * d2r, self.strike * d2r, 0.0))
4155 points = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T # !!! ?
4157 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
4158 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
4159 points[:, 2] += self.depth
4161 m = num.array(pmt.MomentTensor(strike=90., dip=90., rake=-90.,
4162 scalar_moment=1.0 / n).m())
4164 rotmats = num.transpose(
4165 [[num.cos(phi), num.sin(phi), num.zeros(n)],
4166 [-num.sin(phi), num.cos(phi), num.zeros(n)],
4167 [num.zeros(n), num.zeros(n), num.ones(n)]], (2, 0, 1))
4169 ms = num.zeros((n, 3, 3))
4170 for i in range(n):
4171 mtemp = num.dot(rotmats[i].T, num.dot(m, rotmats[i]))
4172 ms[i, :, :] = num.dot(rotmat.T, num.dot(mtemp, rotmat))
4174 m6s = num.vstack((ms[:, 0, 0], ms[:, 1, 1], ms[:, 2, 2],
4175 ms[:, 0, 1], ms[:, 0, 2], ms[:, 1, 2])).T
4177 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
4178 store.config.deltat, self.time)
4180 nt = times.size
4182 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
4183 times=num.tile(times, n),
4184 lat=self.lat,
4185 lon=self.lon,
4186 north_shifts=num.repeat(points[:, 0], nt),
4187 east_shifts=num.repeat(points[:, 1], nt),
4188 depths=num.repeat(points[:, 2], nt),
4189 m6s=num.repeat(m6s, nt, axis=0) * num.tile(
4190 amplitudes, n)[:, num.newaxis])
4193class CombiSource(Source):
4194 '''
4195 Composite source model.
4196 '''
4198 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
4200 subsources = List.T(Source.T())
4202 def __init__(self, subsources=[], **kwargs):
4203 if not subsources:
4204 raise BadRequest(
4205 'Need at least one sub-source to create a CombiSource object.')
4207 lats = num.array(
4208 [subsource.lat for subsource in subsources], dtype=float)
4209 lons = num.array(
4210 [subsource.lon for subsource in subsources], dtype=float)
4212 lat, lon = lats[0], lons[0]
4213 if not num.all(lats == lat) and num.all(lons == lon):
4214 subsources = [s.clone() for s in subsources]
4215 for subsource in subsources[1:]:
4216 subsource.set_origin(lat, lon)
4218 depth = float(num.mean([p.depth for p in subsources]))
4219 time = float(num.mean([p.time for p in subsources]))
4220 north_shift = float(num.mean([p.north_shift for p in subsources]))
4221 east_shift = float(num.mean([p.east_shift for p in subsources]))
4222 kwargs.update(
4223 time=time,
4224 lat=float(lat),
4225 lon=float(lon),
4226 north_shift=north_shift,
4227 east_shift=east_shift,
4228 depth=depth)
4230 Source.__init__(self, subsources=subsources, **kwargs)
4232 def get_factor(self):
4233 return 1.0
4235 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4236 dsources = []
4237 for sf in self.subsources:
4238 ds = sf.discretize_basesource(store, target)
4239 ds.m6s *= sf.get_factor()
4240 dsources.append(ds)
4242 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource.combine(dsources)
4245class SFSource(Source):
4246 '''
4247 A single force point source.
4249 Supported GF schemes: `'elastic5'`.
4250 '''
4252 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedSFSource
4254 fn = Float.T(
4255 default=0.,
4256 help='northward component of single force [N]')
4258 fe = Float.T(
4259 default=0.,
4260 help='eastward component of single force [N]')
4262 fd = Float.T(
4263 default=0.,
4264 help='downward component of single force [N]')
4266 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
4267 Source.__init__(self, **kwargs)
4269 def base_key(self):
4270 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.fn, self.fe, self.fd)
4272 def get_factor(self):
4273 return 1.0
4275 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4276 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
4277 store.config.deltat, self.time)
4278 forces = amplitudes[:, num.newaxis] * num.array(
4279 [[self.fn, self.fe, self.fd]], dtype=float)
4281 return meta.DiscretizedSFSource(forces=forces,
4282 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
4284 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
4285 return Source.pyrocko_event(
4286 self, store, target,
4287 **kwargs)
4289 @classmethod
4290 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
4291 d = {}
4292 d.update(kwargs)
4293 return super(SFSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
4296class PorePressurePointSource(Source):
4297 '''
4298 Excess pore pressure point source.
4300 For poro-elastic initial value problem where an excess pore pressure is
4301 brought into a small source volume.
4302 '''
4304 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedPorePressureSource
4306 pp = Float.T(
4307 default=1.0,
4308 help='initial excess pore pressure in [Pa]')
4310 def base_key(self):
4311 return Source.base_key(self)
4313 def get_factor(self):
4314 return self.pp
4316 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4317 return meta.DiscretizedPorePressureSource(pp=arr(1.0),
4318 **self._dparams_base())
4321class PorePressureLineSource(Source):
4322 '''
4323 Excess pore pressure line source.
4325 The line source is centered at (north_shift, east_shift, depth).
4326 '''
4328 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedPorePressureSource
4330 pp = Float.T(
4331 default=1.0,
4332 help='initial excess pore pressure in [Pa]')
4334 length = Float.T(
4335 default=0.0,
4336 help='length of the line source [m]')
4338 azimuth = Float.T(
4339 default=0.0,
4340 help='azimuth direction, clockwise from north [deg]')
4342 dip = Float.T(
4343 default=90.,
4344 help='dip direction, downward from horizontal [deg]')
4346 def base_key(self):
4347 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.azimuth, self.dip, self.length)
4349 def get_factor(self):
4350 return self.pp
4352 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4354 n = 2 * int(math.ceil(self.length / num.min(store.config.deltas))) + 1
4356 a = num.linspace(-0.5 * self.length, 0.5 * self.length, n)
4358 sa = math.sin(self.azimuth * d2r)
4359 ca = math.cos(self.azimuth * d2r)
4360 sd = math.sin(self.dip * d2r)
4361 cd = math.cos(self.dip * d2r)
4363 points = num.zeros((n, 3))
4364 points[:, 0] = self.north_shift + a * ca * cd
4365 points[:, 1] = self.east_shift + a * sa * cd
4366 points[:, 2] = self.depth + a * sd
4368 return meta.DiscretizedPorePressureSource(
4369 times=util.num_full(n, self.time),
4370 lat=self.lat,
4371 lon=self.lon,
4372 north_shifts=points[:, 0],
4373 east_shifts=points[:, 1],
4374 depths=points[:, 2],
4375 pp=num.ones(n) / n)
4378class Request(Object):
4379 '''
4380 Synthetic seismogram computation request.
4382 ::
4384 Request(**kwargs)
4385 Request(sources, targets, **kwargs)
4386 '''
4388 sources = List.T(
4389 Source.T(),
4390 help='list of sources for which to produce synthetics.')
4392 targets = List.T(
4393 Target.T(),
4394 help='list of targets for which to produce synthetics.')
4396 @classmethod
4397 def args2kwargs(cls, args):
4398 if len(args) not in (0, 2, 3):
4399 raise BadRequest('Invalid arguments.')
4401 if len(args) == 2:
4402 return dict(sources=args[0], targets=args[1])
4403 else:
4404 return {}
4406 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
4407 kwargs.update(self.args2kwargs(args))
4408 sources = kwargs.pop('sources', [])
4409 targets = kwargs.pop('targets', [])
4411 if isinstance(sources, Source):
4412 sources = [sources]
4414 if isinstance(targets, Target) or isinstance(targets, StaticTarget):
4415 targets = [targets]
4417 Object.__init__(self, sources=sources, targets=targets, **kwargs)
4419 @property
4420 def targets_dynamic(self):
4421 return [t for t in self.targets if isinstance(t, Target)]
4423 @property
4424 def targets_static(self):
4425 return [t for t in self.targets if isinstance(t, StaticTarget)]
4427 @property
4428 def has_dynamic(self):
4429 return True if len(self.targets_dynamic) > 0 else False
4431 @property
4432 def has_statics(self):
4433 return True if len(self.targets_static) > 0 else False
4435 def subsources_map(self):
4436 m = defaultdict(list)
4437 for source in self.sources:
4438 m[source.base_key()].append(source)
4440 return m
4442 def subtargets_map(self):
4443 m = defaultdict(list)
4444 for target in self.targets:
4445 m[target.base_key()].append(target)
4447 return m
4449 def subrequest_map(self):
4450 ms = self.subsources_map()
4451 mt = self.subtargets_map()
4452 m = {}
4453 for (ks, ls) in ms.items():
4454 for (kt, lt) in mt.items():
4455 m[ks, kt] = (ls, lt)
4457 return m
4460class ProcessingStats(Object):
4461 t_perc_get_store_and_receiver = Float.T(default=0.)
4462 t_perc_discretize_source = Float.T(default=0.)
4463 t_perc_make_base_seismogram = Float.T(default=0.)
4464 t_perc_make_same_span = Float.T(default=0.)
4465 t_perc_post_process = Float.T(default=0.)
4466 t_perc_optimize = Float.T(default=0.)
4467 t_perc_stack = Float.T(default=0.)
4468 t_perc_static_get_store = Float.T(default=0.)
4469 t_perc_static_discretize_basesource = Float.T(default=0.)
4470 t_perc_static_sum_statics = Float.T(default=0.)
4471 t_perc_static_post_process = Float.T(default=0.)
4472 t_wallclock = Float.T(default=0.)
4473 t_cpu = Float.T(default=0.)
4474 n_read_blocks = Int.T(default=0)
4475 n_results = Int.T(default=0)
4476 n_subrequests = Int.T(default=0)
4477 n_stores = Int.T(default=0)
4478 n_records_stacked = Int.T(default=0)
4481class Response(Object):
4482 '''
4483 Resonse object to a synthetic seismogram computation request.
4484 '''
4486 request = Request.T()
4487 results_list = List.T(List.T(meta.SeismosizerResult.T()))
4488 stats = ProcessingStats.T()
4490 def pyrocko_traces(self):
4491 '''
4492 Return a list of requested
4493 :class:`~pyrocko.trace.Trace` instances.
4494 '''
4496 traces = []
4497 for results in self.results_list:
4498 for result in results:
4499 if not isinstance(result, meta.Result):
4500 continue
4501 traces.append(result.trace.pyrocko_trace())
4503 return traces
4505 def kite_scenes(self):
4506 '''
4507 Return a list of requested
4508 :class:`~kite.scenes` instances.
4509 '''
4510 kite_scenes = []
4511 for results in self.results_list:
4512 for result in results:
4513 if isinstance(result, meta.KiteSceneResult):
4514 sc = result.get_scene()
4515 kite_scenes.append(sc)
4517 return kite_scenes
4519 def static_results(self):
4520 '''
4521 Return a list of requested
4522 :class:`~pyrocko.gf.meta.StaticResult` instances.
4523 '''
4524 statics = []
4525 for results in self.results_list:
4526 for result in results:
4527 if not isinstance(result, meta.StaticResult):
4528 continue
4529 statics.append(result)
4531 return statics
4533 def iter_results(self, get='pyrocko_traces'):
4534 '''
4535 Generator function to iterate over results of request.
4537 Yields associated :py:class:`Source`,
4538 :class:`~pyrocko.gf.targets.Target`,
4539 :class:`~pyrocko.trace.Trace` instances in each iteration.
4540 '''
4542 for isource, source in enumerate(self.request.sources):
4543 for itarget, target in enumerate(self.request.targets):
4544 result = self.results_list[isource][itarget]
4545 if get == 'pyrocko_traces':
4546 yield source, target, result.trace.pyrocko_trace()
4547 elif get == 'results':
4548 yield source, target, result
4550 def snuffle(self, **kwargs):
4551 '''
4552 Open *snuffler* with requested traces.
4553 '''
4555 trace.snuffle(self.pyrocko_traces(), **kwargs)
4558class Engine(Object):
4559 '''
4560 Base class for synthetic seismogram calculators.
4561 '''
4563 def get_store_ids(self):
4564 '''
4565 Get list of available GF store IDs
4566 '''
4568 return []
4571class Rule(object):
4572 pass
4575class VectorRule(Rule):
4577 def __init__(self, quantity, differentiate=0, integrate=0):
4578 self.components = [quantity + '.' + c for c in 'ned']
4579 self.differentiate = differentiate
4580 self.integrate = integrate
4582 def required_components(self, target):
4583 n, e, d = self.components
4584 sa, ca, sd, cd = target.get_sin_cos_factors()
4586 comps = []
4587 if nonzero(ca * cd):
4588 comps.append(n)
4590 if nonzero(sa * cd):
4591 comps.append(e)
4593 if nonzero(sd):
4594 comps.append(d)
4596 return tuple(comps)
4598 def apply_(self, target, base_seismogram):
4599 n, e, d = self.components
4600 sa, ca, sd, cd = target.get_sin_cos_factors()
4602 if nonzero(ca * cd):
4603 data = base_seismogram[n].data * (ca * cd)
4604 deltat = base_seismogram[n].deltat
4605 else:
4606 data = 0.0
4608 if nonzero(sa * cd):
4609 data = data + base_seismogram[e].data * (sa * cd)
4610 deltat = base_seismogram[e].deltat
4612 if nonzero(sd):
4613 data = data + base_seismogram[d].data * sd
4614 deltat = base_seismogram[d].deltat
4616 if self.differentiate:
4617 data = util.diff_fd(self.differentiate, 4, deltat, data)
4619 if self.integrate:
4620 raise NotImplementedError('Integration is not implemented yet.')
4622 return data
4625class HorizontalVectorRule(Rule):
4627 def __init__(self, quantity, differentiate=0, integrate=0):
4628 self.components = [quantity + '.' + c for c in 'ne']
4629 self.differentiate = differentiate
4630 self.integrate = integrate
4632 def required_components(self, target):
4633 n, e = self.components
4634 sa, ca, _, _ = target.get_sin_cos_factors()
4636 comps = []
4637 if nonzero(ca):
4638 comps.append(n)
4640 if nonzero(sa):
4641 comps.append(e)
4643 return tuple(comps)
4645 def apply_(self, target, base_seismogram):
4646 n, e = self.components
4647 sa, ca, _, _ = target.get_sin_cos_factors()
4649 if nonzero(ca):
4650 data = base_seismogram[n].data * ca
4651 else:
4652 data = 0.0
4654 if nonzero(sa):
4655 data = data + base_seismogram[e].data * sa
4657 if self.differentiate:
4658 deltat = base_seismogram[e].deltat
4659 data = util.diff_fd(self.differentiate, 4, deltat, data)
4661 if self.integrate:
4662 raise NotImplementedError('Integration is not implemented yet.')
4664 return data
4667class ScalarRule(Rule):
4669 def __init__(self, quantity, differentiate=0):
4670 self.c = quantity
4672 def required_components(self, target):
4673 return (self.c, )
4675 def apply_(self, target, base_seismogram):
4676 data = base_seismogram[self.c].data.copy()
4677 deltat = base_seismogram[self.c].deltat
4678 if self.differentiate:
4679 data = util.diff_fd(self.differentiate, 4, deltat, data)
4681 return data
4684class StaticDisplacement(Rule):
4686 def required_components(self, target):
4687 return tuple(['displacement.%s' % c for c in list('ned')])
4689 def apply_(self, target, base_statics):
4690 if isinstance(target, SatelliteTarget):
4691 los_fac = target.get_los_factors()
4692 base_statics['displacement.los'] =\
4693 (los_fac[:, 0] * -base_statics['displacement.d'] +
4694 los_fac[:, 1] * base_statics['displacement.e'] +
4695 los_fac[:, 2] * base_statics['displacement.n'])
4696 return base_statics
4699channel_rules = {
4700 'displacement': [VectorRule('displacement')],
4701 'rotation': [VectorRule('rotation')],
4702 'velocity': [
4703 VectorRule('velocity'),
4704 VectorRule('displacement', differentiate=1)],
4705 'acceleration': [
4706 VectorRule('acceleration'),
4707 VectorRule('velocity', differentiate=1),
4708 VectorRule('displacement', differentiate=2)],
4709 'pore_pressure': [ScalarRule('pore_pressure')],
4710 'vertical_tilt': [HorizontalVectorRule('vertical_tilt')],
4711 'darcy_velocity': [VectorRule('darcy_velocity')],
4712}
4714static_rules = {
4715 'displacement': [StaticDisplacement()]
4716}
4719class OutOfBoundsContext(Object):
4720 source = Source.T()
4721 target = Target.T()
4722 distance = Float.T()
4723 components = List.T(String.T())
4726def process_dynamic_timeseries(work, psources, ptargets, engine, nthreads=0):
4727 dsource_cache = {}
4728 tcounters = list(range(6))
4730 store_ids = set()
4731 sources = set()
4732 targets = set()
4734 for itarget, target in enumerate(ptargets):
4735 target._id = itarget
4737 for w in work:
4738 _, _, isources, itargets = w
4740 sources.update([psources[isource] for isource in isources])
4741 targets.update([ptargets[itarget] for itarget in itargets])
4743 store_ids = set([t.store_id for t in targets])
4745 for isource, source in enumerate(psources):
4747 components = set()
4748 for itarget, target in enumerate(targets):
4749 rule = engine.get_rule(source, target)
4750 components.update(rule.required_components(target))
4752 for store_id in store_ids:
4753 store_targets = [t for t in targets if t.store_id == store_id]
4755 sample_rates = set([t.sample_rate for t in store_targets])
4756 interpolations = set([t.interpolation for t in store_targets])
4758 base_seismograms = []
4759 store_targets_out = []
4761 for samp_rate in sample_rates:
4762 for interp in interpolations:
4763 engine_targets = [
4764 t for t in store_targets if t.sample_rate == samp_rate
4765 and t.interpolation == interp]
4767 if not engine_targets:
4768 continue
4770 store_targets_out += engine_targets
4772 base_seismograms += engine.base_seismograms(
4773 source,
4774 engine_targets,
4775 components,
4776 dsource_cache,
4777 nthreads)
4779 for iseis, seismogram in enumerate(base_seismograms):
4780 for tr in seismogram.values():
4781 if tr.err != store.SeismosizerErrorEnum.SUCCESS:
4782 e = SeismosizerError(
4783 'Seismosizer failed with return code %i\n%s' % (
4784 tr.err, str(
4785 OutOfBoundsContext(
4786 source=source,
4787 target=store_targets[iseis],
4788 distance=source.distance_to(
4789 store_targets[iseis]),
4790 components=components))))
4791 raise e
4793 for seismogram, target in zip(base_seismograms, store_targets_out):
4795 try:
4796 result = engine._post_process_dynamic(
4797 seismogram, source, target)
4798 except SeismosizerError as e:
4799 result = e
4801 yield (isource, target._id, result), tcounters
4804def process_dynamic(work, psources, ptargets, engine, nthreads=0):
4805 dsource_cache = {}
4807 for w in work:
4808 _, _, isources, itargets = w
4810 sources = [psources[isource] for isource in isources]
4811 targets = [ptargets[itarget] for itarget in itargets]
4813 components = set()
4814 for target in targets:
4815 rule = engine.get_rule(sources[0], target)
4816 components.update(rule.required_components(target))
4818 for isource, source in zip(isources, sources):
4819 for itarget, target in zip(itargets, targets):
4821 try:
4822 base_seismogram, tcounters = engine.base_seismogram(
4823 source, target, components, dsource_cache, nthreads)
4824 except meta.OutOfBounds as e:
4825 e.context = OutOfBoundsContext(
4826 source=sources[0],
4827 target=targets[0],
4828 distance=sources[0].distance_to(targets[0]),
4829 components=components)
4830 raise
4832 n_records_stacked = 0
4833 t_optimize = 0.0
4834 t_stack = 0.0
4836 for _, tr in base_seismogram.items():
4837 n_records_stacked += tr.n_records_stacked
4838 t_optimize += tr.t_optimize
4839 t_stack += tr.t_stack
4841 try:
4842 result = engine._post_process_dynamic(
4843 base_seismogram, source, target)
4844 result.n_records_stacked = n_records_stacked
4845 result.n_shared_stacking = len(sources) *\
4846 len(targets)
4847 result.t_optimize = t_optimize
4848 result.t_stack = t_stack
4849 except SeismosizerError as e:
4850 result = e
4852 tcounters.append(xtime())
4853 yield (isource, itarget, result), tcounters
4856def process_static(work, psources, ptargets, engine, nthreads=0):
4857 for w in work:
4858 _, _, isources, itargets = w
4860 sources = [psources[isource] for isource in isources]
4861 targets = [ptargets[itarget] for itarget in itargets]
4863 for isource, source in zip(isources, sources):
4864 for itarget, target in zip(itargets, targets):
4865 components = engine.get_rule(source, target)\
4866 .required_components(target)
4868 try:
4869 base_statics, tcounters = engine.base_statics(
4870 source, target, components, nthreads)
4871 except meta.OutOfBounds as e:
4872 e.context = OutOfBoundsContext(
4873 source=sources[0],
4874 target=targets[0],
4875 distance=float('nan'),
4876 components=components)
4877 raise
4878 result = engine._post_process_statics(
4879 base_statics, source, target)
4880 tcounters.append(xtime())
4882 yield (isource, itarget, result), tcounters
4885class LocalEngine(Engine):
4886 '''
4887 Offline synthetic seismogram calculator.
4889 :param use_env: if ``True``, fill :py:attr:`store_superdirs` and
4890 :py:attr:`store_dirs` with paths set in environment variables
4891 GF_STORE_SUPERDIRS and GF_STORE_DIRS.
4892 :param use_config: if ``True``, fill :py:attr:`store_superdirs` and
4893 :py:attr:`store_dirs` with paths set in the user's config file.
4895 The config file can be found at :file:`~/.pyrocko/config.pf`
4897 .. code-block :: python
4899 gf_store_dirs: ['/home/pyrocko/gf_stores/ak135/']
4900 gf_store_superdirs: ['/home/pyrocko/gf_stores/']
4901 '''
4903 store_superdirs = List.T(
4904 String.T(),
4905 help='directories which are searched for Green\'s function stores')
4907 store_dirs = List.T(
4908 String.T(),
4909 help='additional individual Green\'s function store directories')
4911 default_store_id = String.T(
4912 optional=True,
4913 help='default store ID to be used when a request does not provide '
4914 'one')
4916 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
4917 use_env = kwargs.pop('use_env', False)
4918 use_config = kwargs.pop('use_config', False)
4919 Engine.__init__(self, **kwargs)
4920 if use_env:
4921 env_store_superdirs = os.environ.get('GF_STORE_SUPERDIRS', '')
4922 env_store_dirs = os.environ.get('GF_STORE_DIRS', '')
4923 if env_store_superdirs:
4924 self.store_superdirs.extend(env_store_superdirs.split(':'))
4926 if env_store_dirs:
4927 self.store_dirs.extend(env_store_dirs.split(':'))
4929 if use_config:
4930 c = config.config()
4931 self.store_superdirs.extend(c.gf_store_superdirs)
4932 self.store_dirs.extend(c.gf_store_dirs)
4934 self._check_store_dirs_type()
4935 self._id_to_store_dir = {}
4936 self._open_stores = {}
4937 self._effective_default_store_id = None
4939 def _check_store_dirs_type(self):
4940 for sdir in ['store_dirs', 'store_superdirs']:
4941 if not isinstance(self.__getattribute__(sdir), list):
4942 raise TypeError("{} of {} is not of type list".format(
4943 sdir, self.__class__.__name__))
4945 def _get_store_id(self, store_dir):
4946 store_ = store.Store(store_dir)
4947 store_id = store_.config.id
4948 store_.close()
4949 return store_id
4951 def _looks_like_store_dir(self, store_dir):
4952 return os.path.isdir(store_dir) and \
4953 all(os.path.isfile(pjoin(store_dir, x)) for x in
4954 ('index', 'traces', 'config'))
4956 def iter_store_dirs(self):
4957 store_dirs = set()
4958 for d in self.store_superdirs:
4959 if not os.path.exists(d):
4960 logger.warning('store_superdir not available: %s' % d)
4961 continue
4963 for entry in os.listdir(d):
4964 store_dir = os.path.realpath(pjoin(d, entry))
4965 if self._looks_like_store_dir(store_dir):
4966 store_dirs.add(store_dir)
4968 for store_dir in self.store_dirs:
4969 store_dirs.add(os.path.realpath(store_dir))
4971 return store_dirs
4973 def _scan_stores(self):
4974 for store_dir in self.iter_store_dirs():
4975 store_id = self._get_store_id(store_dir)
4976 if store_id not in self._id_to_store_dir:
4977 self._id_to_store_dir[store_id] = store_dir
4978 else:
4979 if store_dir != self._id_to_store_dir[store_id]:
4980 raise DuplicateStoreId(
4981 'GF store ID %s is used in (at least) two '
4982 'different stores. Locations are: %s and %s' %
4983 (store_id, self._id_to_store_dir[store_id], store_dir))
4985 def get_store_dir(self, store_id):
4986 '''
4987 Lookup directory given a GF store ID.
4988 '''
4990 if store_id not in self._id_to_store_dir:
4991 self._scan_stores()
4993 if store_id not in self._id_to_store_dir:
4994 raise NoSuchStore(store_id, self.iter_store_dirs())
4996 return self._id_to_store_dir[store_id]
4998 def get_store_ids(self):
4999 '''
5000 Get list of available store IDs.
5001 '''
5003 self._scan_stores()
5004 return sorted(self._id_to_store_dir.keys())
5006 def effective_default_store_id(self):
5007 if self._effective_default_store_id is None:
5008 if self.default_store_id is None:
5009 store_ids = self.get_store_ids()
5010 if len(store_ids) == 1:
5011 self._effective_default_store_id = self.get_store_ids()[0]
5012 else:
5013 raise NoDefaultStoreSet()
5014 else:
5015 self._effective_default_store_id = self.default_store_id
5017 return self._effective_default_store_id
5019 def get_store(self, store_id=None):
5020 '''
5021 Get a store from the engine.
5023 :param store_id: identifier of the store (optional)
5024 :returns: :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store` object
5026 If no ``store_id`` is provided the store
5027 associated with the :py:gattr:`default_store_id` is returned.
5028 Raises :py:exc:`NoDefaultStoreSet` if :py:gattr:`default_store_id` is
5029 undefined.
5030 '''
5032 if store_id is None:
5033 store_id = self.effective_default_store_id()
5035 if store_id not in self._open_stores:
5036 store_dir = self.get_store_dir(store_id)
5037 self._open_stores[store_id] = store.Store(store_dir)
5039 return self._open_stores[store_id]
5041 def get_store_config(self, store_id):
5042 store = self.get_store(store_id)
5043 return store.config
5045 def get_store_extra(self, store_id, key):
5046 store = self.get_store(store_id)
5047 return store.get_extra(key)
5049 def close_cashed_stores(self):
5050 '''
5051 Close and remove ids from cashed stores.
5052 '''
5053 store_ids = []
5054 for store_id, store_ in self._open_stores.items():
5055 store_.close()
5056 store_ids.append(store_id)
5058 for store_id in store_ids:
5059 self._open_stores.pop(store_id)
5061 def get_rule(self, source, target):
5062 cprovided = self.get_store(target.store_id).get_provided_components()
5064 if isinstance(target, StaticTarget):
5065 quantity = target.quantity
5066 available_rules = static_rules
5067 elif isinstance(target, Target):
5068 quantity = target.effective_quantity()
5069 available_rules = channel_rules
5071 try:
5072 for rule in available_rules[quantity]:
5073 cneeded = rule.required_components(target)
5074 if all(c in cprovided for c in cneeded):
5075 return rule
5077 except KeyError:
5078 pass
5080 raise BadRequest(
5081 'No rule to calculate "%s" with GFs from store "%s" '
5082 'for source model "%s".' % (
5083 target.effective_quantity(),
5084 target.store_id,
5085 source.__class__.__name__))
5087 def _cached_discretize_basesource(self, source, store, cache, target):
5088 if (source, store) not in cache:
5089 cache[source, store] = source.discretize_basesource(store, target)
5091 return cache[source, store]
5093 def base_seismograms(self, source, targets, components, dsource_cache,
5094 nthreads=0):
5096 target = targets[0]
5098 interp = set([t.interpolation for t in targets])
5099 if len(interp) > 1:
5100 raise BadRequest('Targets have different interpolation schemes.')
5102 rates = set([t.sample_rate for t in targets])
5103 if len(rates) > 1:
5104 raise BadRequest('Targets have different sample rates.')
5106 store_ = self.get_store(target.store_id)
5107 receivers = [t.receiver(store_) for t in targets]
5109 if target.sample_rate is not None:
5110 deltat = 1. / target.sample_rate
5111 rate = target.sample_rate
5112 else:
5113 deltat = None
5114 rate = store_.config.sample_rate
5116 tmin = num.fromiter(
5117 (t.tmin for t in targets), dtype=float, count=len(targets))
5118 tmax = num.fromiter(
5119 (t.tmax for t in targets), dtype=float, count=len(targets))
5121 itmin = num.floor(tmin * rate).astype(num.int64)
5122 itmax = num.ceil(tmax * rate).astype(num.int64)
5123 nsamples = itmax - itmin + 1
5125 mask = num.isnan(tmin)
5126 itmin[mask] = 0
5127 nsamples[mask] = -1
5129 base_source = self._cached_discretize_basesource(
5130 source, store_, dsource_cache, target)
5132 base_seismograms = store_.calc_seismograms(
5133 base_source, receivers, components,
5134 deltat=deltat,
5135 itmin=itmin, nsamples=nsamples,
5136 interpolation=target.interpolation,
5137 optimization=target.optimization,
5138 nthreads=nthreads)
5140 for i, base_seismogram in enumerate(base_seismograms):
5141 base_seismograms[i] = store.make_same_span(base_seismogram)
5143 return base_seismograms
5145 def base_seismogram(self, source, target, components, dsource_cache,
5146 nthreads):
5148 tcounters = [xtime()]
5150 store_ = self.get_store(target.store_id)
5151 receiver = target.receiver(store_)
5153 if target.tmin and target.tmax is not None:
5154 rate = store_.config.sample_rate
5155 itmin = int(num.floor(target.tmin * rate))
5156 itmax = int(num.ceil(target.tmax * rate))
5157 nsamples = itmax - itmin + 1
5158 else:
5159 itmin = None
5160 nsamples = None
5162 tcounters.append(xtime())
5163 base_source = self._cached_discretize_basesource(
5164 source, store_, dsource_cache, target)
5166 tcounters.append(xtime())
5168 if target.sample_rate is not None:
5169 deltat = 1. / target.sample_rate
5170 else:
5171 deltat = None
5173 base_seismogram = store_.seismogram(
5174 base_source, receiver, components,
5175 deltat=deltat,
5176 itmin=itmin, nsamples=nsamples,
5177 interpolation=target.interpolation,
5178 optimization=target.optimization,
5179 nthreads=nthreads)
5181 tcounters.append(xtime())
5183 base_seismogram = store.make_same_span(base_seismogram)
5185 tcounters.append(xtime())
5187 return base_seismogram, tcounters
5189 def base_statics(self, source, target, components, nthreads):
5190 tcounters = [xtime()]
5191 store_ = self.get_store(target.store_id)
5193 if target.tsnapshot is not None:
5194 rate = store_.config.sample_rate
5195 itsnapshot = int(num.floor(target.tsnapshot * rate))
5196 else:
5197 itsnapshot = None
5198 tcounters.append(xtime())
5200 base_source = source.discretize_basesource(store_, target=target)
5202 tcounters.append(xtime())
5204 base_statics = store_.statics(
5205 base_source,
5206 target,
5207 itsnapshot,
5208 components,
5209 target.interpolation,
5210 nthreads)
5212 tcounters.append(xtime())
5214 return base_statics, tcounters
5216 def _post_process_dynamic(self, base_seismogram, source, target):
5217 base_any = next(iter(base_seismogram.values()))
5218 deltat = base_any.deltat
5219 itmin = base_any.itmin
5221 rule = self.get_rule(source, target)
5222 data = rule.apply_(target, base_seismogram)
5224 factor = source.get_factor() * target.get_factor()
5225 if factor != 1.0:
5226 data = data * factor
5228 stf = source.effective_stf_post()
5230 times, amplitudes = stf.discretize_t(
5231 deltat, 0.0)
5233 # repeat end point to prevent boundary effects
5234 padded_data = num.empty(data.size + amplitudes.size, dtype=float)
5235 padded_data[:data.size] = data
5236 padded_data[data.size:] = data[-1]
5237 data = num.convolve(amplitudes, padded_data)
5239 tmin = itmin * deltat + times[0]
5241 tr = meta.SeismosizerTrace(
5242 codes=target.codes,
5243 data=data[:-amplitudes.size],
5244 deltat=deltat,
5245 tmin=tmin)
5247 return target.post_process(self, source, tr)
5249 def _post_process_statics(self, base_statics, source, starget):
5250 rule = self.get_rule(source, starget)
5251 data = rule.apply_(starget, base_statics)
5253 factor = source.get_factor()
5254 if factor != 1.0:
5255 for v in data.values():
5256 v *= factor
5258 return starget.post_process(self, source, base_statics)
5260 def process(self, *args, **kwargs):
5261 '''
5262 Process a request.
5264 ::
5266 process(**kwargs)
5267 process(request, **kwargs)
5268 process(sources, targets, **kwargs)
5270 The request can be given a a :py:class:`Request` object, or such an
5271 object is created using ``Request(**kwargs)`` for convenience.
5273 :returns: :py:class:`Response` object
5274 '''
5276 if len(args) not in (0, 1, 2):
5277 raise BadRequest('Invalid arguments.')
5279 if len(args) == 1:
5280 kwargs['request'] = args[0]
5282 elif len(args) == 2:
5283 kwargs.update(Request.args2kwargs(args))
5285 request = kwargs.pop('request', None)
5286 status_callback = kwargs.pop('status_callback', None)
5287 calc_timeseries = kwargs.pop('calc_timeseries', True)
5289 nprocs = kwargs.pop('nprocs', None)
5290 nthreads = kwargs.pop('nthreads', 1)
5291 if nprocs is not None:
5292 nthreads = nprocs
5294 if request is None:
5295 request = Request(**kwargs)
5297 if resource:
5298 rs0 = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF)
5299 rc0 = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_CHILDREN)
5300 tt0 = xtime()
5302 # make sure stores are open before fork()
5303 store_ids = set(target.store_id for target in request.targets)
5304 for store_id in store_ids:
5305 self.get_store(store_id)
5307 source_index = dict((x, i) for (i, x) in
5308 enumerate(request.sources))
5309 target_index = dict((x, i) for (i, x) in
5310 enumerate(request.targets))
5312 m = request.subrequest_map()
5314 skeys = sorted(m.keys(), key=cmp_to_key(cmp_none_aware))
5315 results_list = []
5317 for i in range(len(request.sources)):
5318 results_list.append([None] * len(request.targets))
5320 tcounters_dyn_list = []
5321 tcounters_static_list = []
5322 nsub = len(skeys)
5323 isub = 0
5325 # Processing dynamic targets through
5326 # parimap(process_subrequest_dynamic)
5328 if calc_timeseries:
5329 _process_dynamic = process_dynamic_timeseries
5330 else:
5331 _process_dynamic = process_dynamic
5333 if request.has_dynamic:
5334 work_dynamic = [
5335 (i, nsub,
5336 [source_index[source] for source in m[k][0]],
5337 [target_index[target] for target in m[k][1]
5338 if not isinstance(target, StaticTarget)])
5339 for (i, k) in enumerate(skeys)]
5341 for ii_results, tcounters_dyn in _process_dynamic(
5342 work_dynamic, request.sources, request.targets, self,
5343 nthreads):
5345 tcounters_dyn_list.append(num.diff(tcounters_dyn))
5346 isource, itarget, result = ii_results
5347 results_list[isource][itarget] = result
5349 if status_callback:
5350 status_callback(isub, nsub)
5352 isub += 1
5354 # Processing static targets through process_static
5355 if request.has_statics:
5356 work_static = [
5357 (i, nsub,
5358 [source_index[source] for source in m[k][0]],
5359 [target_index[target] for target in m[k][1]
5360 if isinstance(target, StaticTarget)])
5361 for (i, k) in enumerate(skeys)]
5363 for ii_results, tcounters_static in process_static(
5364 work_static, request.sources, request.targets, self,
5365 nthreads=nthreads):
5367 tcounters_static_list.append(num.diff(tcounters_static))
5368 isource, itarget, result = ii_results
5369 results_list[isource][itarget] = result
5371 if status_callback:
5372 status_callback(isub, nsub)
5374 isub += 1
5376 if status_callback:
5377 status_callback(nsub, nsub)
5379 tt1 = time.time()
5380 if resource:
5381 rs1 = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF)
5382 rc1 = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_CHILDREN)
5384 s = ProcessingStats()
5386 if request.has_dynamic:
5387 tcumu_dyn = num.sum(num.vstack(tcounters_dyn_list), axis=0)
5388 t_dyn = float(num.sum(tcumu_dyn))
5389 perc_dyn = map(float, tcumu_dyn / t_dyn * 100.)
5390 (s.t_perc_get_store_and_receiver,
5391 s.t_perc_discretize_source,
5392 s.t_perc_make_base_seismogram,
5393 s.t_perc_make_same_span,
5394 s.t_perc_post_process) = perc_dyn
5395 else:
5396 t_dyn = 0.
5398 if request.has_statics:
5399 tcumu_static = num.sum(num.vstack(tcounters_static_list), axis=0)
5400 t_static = num.sum(tcumu_static)
5401 perc_static = map(float, tcumu_static / t_static * 100.)
5402 (s.t_perc_static_get_store,
5403 s.t_perc_static_discretize_basesource,
5404 s.t_perc_static_sum_statics,
5405 s.t_perc_static_post_process) = perc_static
5407 s.t_wallclock = tt1 - tt0
5408 if resource:
5409 s.t_cpu = (
5410 (rs1.ru_utime + rs1.ru_stime + rc1.ru_utime + rc1.ru_stime) -
5411 (rs0.ru_utime + rs0.ru_stime + rc0.ru_utime + rc0.ru_stime))
5412 s.n_read_blocks = (
5413 (rs1.ru_inblock + rc1.ru_inblock) -
5414 (rs0.ru_inblock + rc0.ru_inblock))
5416 n_records_stacked = 0.
5417 for results in results_list:
5418 for result in results:
5419 if not isinstance(result, meta.Result):
5420 continue
5421 shr = float(result.n_shared_stacking)
5422 n_records_stacked += result.n_records_stacked / shr
5423 s.t_perc_optimize += result.t_optimize / shr
5424 s.t_perc_stack += result.t_stack / shr
5425 s.n_records_stacked = int(n_records_stacked)
5426 if t_dyn != 0.:
5427 s.t_perc_optimize /= t_dyn * 100
5428 s.t_perc_stack /= t_dyn * 100
5430 return Response(
5431 request=request,
5432 results_list=results_list,
5433 stats=s)
5436class RemoteEngine(Engine):
5437 '''
5438 Client for remote synthetic seismogram calculator.
5439 '''
5441 site = String.T(default=ws.g_default_site, optional=True)
5442 url = String.T(default=ws.g_url, optional=True)
5444 def process(self, request=None, status_callback=None, **kwargs):
5446 if request is None:
5447 request = Request(**kwargs)
5449 return ws.seismosizer(url=self.url, site=self.site, request=request)
5452g_engine = None
5455def get_engine(store_superdirs=[]):
5456 global g_engine
5457 if g_engine is None:
5458 g_engine = LocalEngine(use_env=True, use_config=True)
5460 for d in store_superdirs:
5461 if d not in g_engine.store_superdirs:
5462 g_engine.store_superdirs.append(d)
5464 return g_engine
5467class SourceGroup(Object):
5469 def __getattr__(self, k):
5470 return num.fromiter((getattr(s, k) for s in self),
5471 dtype=float)
5473 def __iter__(self):
5474 raise NotImplementedError(
5475 'This method should be implemented in subclass.')
5477 def __len__(self):
5478 raise NotImplementedError(
5479 'This method should be implemented in subclass.')
5482class SourceList(SourceGroup):
5483 sources = List.T(Source.T())
5485 def append(self, s):
5486 self.sources.append(s)
5488 def __iter__(self):
5489 return iter(self.sources)
5491 def __len__(self):
5492 return len(self.sources)
5495class SourceGrid(SourceGroup):
5497 base = Source.T()
5498 variables = Dict.T(String.T(), Range.T())
5499 order = List.T(String.T())
5501 def __len__(self):
5502 n = 1
5503 for (k, v) in self.make_coords(self.base):
5504 n *= len(list(v))
5506 return n
5508 def __iter__(self):
5509 for items in permudef(self.make_coords(self.base)):
5510 s = self.base.clone(**{k: v for (k, v) in items})
5511 s.regularize()
5512 yield s
5514 def ordered_params(self):
5515 ks = list(self.variables.keys())
5516 for k in self.order + list(self.base.keys()):
5517 if k in ks:
5518 yield k
5519 ks.remove(k)
5520 if ks:
5521 raise Exception('Invalid parameter "%s" for source type "%s".' %
5522 (ks[0], self.base.__class__.__name__))
5524 def make_coords(self, base):
5525 return [(param, self.variables[param].make(base=base[param]))
5526 for param in self.ordered_params()]
5529source_classes = [
5530 Source,
5531 SourceWithMagnitude,
5532 SourceWithDerivedMagnitude,
5533 ExplosionSource,
5534 RectangularExplosionSource,
5535 DCSource,
5536 CLVDSource,
5537 VLVDSource,
5538 MTSource,
5539 RectangularSource,
5540 PseudoDynamicRupture,
5541 DoubleDCSource,
5542 RingfaultSource,
5543 CombiSource,
5544 SFSource,
5545 PorePressurePointSource,
5546 PorePressureLineSource,
5547]
5549stf_classes = [
5550 STF,
5551 BoxcarSTF,
5552 TriangularSTF,
5553 HalfSinusoidSTF,
5554 ResonatorSTF,
5555]
5557__all__ = '''
5558SeismosizerError
5559BadRequest
5560NoSuchStore
5561DerivedMagnitudeError
5562STFMode
5563'''.split() + [S.__name__ for S in source_classes + stf_classes] + '''
5564Request
5565ProcessingStats
5566Response
5567Engine
5568LocalEngine
5569RemoteEngine
5570source_classes
5571get_engine
5572Range
5573SourceGroup
5574SourceList
5575SourceGrid
5576map_anchor
5577'''.split()