1# http://pyrocko.org - GPLv3
2#
3# The Pyrocko Developers, 21st Century
4# ---|P------/S----------~Lg----------
6'''
10.. _coordinate-system-names:
12Coordinate systems
13..................
15Coordinate system names commonly used in source models.
17================= ============================================
18Name Description
19================= ============================================
20``'xyz'`` northing, easting, depth in [m]
21``'xy'`` northing, easting in [m]
22``'latlon'`` latitude, longitude in [deg]
23``'lonlat'`` longitude, latitude in [deg]
24``'latlondepth'`` latitude, longitude in [deg], depth in [m]
25================= ============================================
26'''
29from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
31from collections import defaultdict
32from functools import cmp_to_key
33import time
34import math
35import os
36import re
37import logging
38try:
39 import resource
40except ImportError:
41 resource = None
42from hashlib import sha1
44import numpy as num
45from scipy.interpolate import RegularGridInterpolator
47from pyrocko.guts import (Object, Float, String, StringChoice, List,
48 Timestamp, Int, SObject, ArgumentError, Dict,
49 ValidationError, Bool)
50from pyrocko.guts_array import Array
52from pyrocko import moment_tensor as pmt
53from pyrocko import trace, util, config, model, eikonal_ext
54from pyrocko.orthodrome import ne_to_latlon
55from pyrocko.model import Location
56from pyrocko.modelling import OkadaSource, make_okada_coefficient_matrix, \
57 okada_ext, invert_fault_dislocations_bem
59from . import meta, store, ws
60from .tractions import TractionField, DirectedTractions
61from .targets import Target, StaticTarget, SatelliteTarget
63pjoin = os.path.join
65guts_prefix = 'pf'
67d2r = math.pi / 180.
68r2d = 180. / math.pi
69km = 1e3
71logger = logging.getLogger('pyrocko.gf.seismosizer')
74def cmp_none_aware(a, b):
75 if isinstance(a, tuple) and isinstance(b, tuple):
76 for xa, xb in zip(a, b):
77 rv = cmp_none_aware(xa, xb)
78 if rv != 0:
79 return rv
81 return 0
83 anone = a is None
84 bnone = b is None
86 if anone and bnone:
87 return 0
89 if anone:
90 return -1
92 if bnone:
93 return 1
95 return bool(a > b) - bool(a < b)
98def xtime():
99 return time.time()
102class SeismosizerError(Exception):
103 pass
106class BadRequest(SeismosizerError):
107 pass
110class DuplicateStoreId(Exception):
111 pass
114class NoDefaultStoreSet(Exception):
115 pass
118class ConversionError(Exception):
119 pass
122class NoSuchStore(BadRequest):
124 def __init__(self, store_id=None, dirs=None):
125 BadRequest.__init__(self)
126 self.store_id = store_id
127 self.dirs = dirs
129 def __str__(self):
130 if self.store_id is not None:
131 rstr = 'no GF store with id "%s" found.' % self.store_id
132 else:
133 rstr = 'GF store not found.'
135 if self.dirs is not None:
136 rstr += ' Searched folders:\n %s' % '\n '.join(sorted(self.dirs))
137 return rstr
140def ufloat(s):
141 units = {
142 'k': 1e3,
143 'M': 1e6,
144 }
146 factor = 1.0
147 if s and s[-1] in units:
148 factor = units[s[-1]]
149 s = s[:-1]
150 if not s:
151 raise ValueError('unit without a number: \'%s\'' % s)
153 return float(s) * factor
156def ufloat_or_none(s):
157 if s:
158 return ufloat(s)
159 else:
160 return None
163def int_or_none(s):
164 if s:
165 return int(s)
166 else:
167 return None
170def nonzero(x, eps=1e-15):
171 return abs(x) > eps
174def permudef(ln, j=0):
175 if j < len(ln):
176 k, v = ln[j]
177 for y in v:
178 ln[j] = k, y
179 for s in permudef(ln, j + 1):
180 yield s
182 ln[j] = k, v
183 return
184 else:
185 yield ln
188def arr(x):
189 return num.atleast_1d(num.asarray(x))
192def discretize_rect_source(deltas, deltat, time, north, east, depth,
193 strike, dip, length, width,
194 anchor, velocity=None, stf=None,
195 nucleation_x=None, nucleation_y=None,
196 decimation_factor=1, pointsonly=False,
197 plane_coords=False,
198 aggressive_oversampling=False):
200 if stf is None:
201 stf = STF()
203 if not velocity and not pointsonly:
204 raise AttributeError('velocity is required in time mode')
206 mindeltagf = float(num.min(deltas))
207 if velocity:
208 mindeltagf = min(mindeltagf, deltat * velocity)
210 ln = length
211 wd = width
213 if aggressive_oversampling:
214 nl = int((2. / decimation_factor) * num.ceil(ln / mindeltagf)) + 1
215 nw = int((2. / decimation_factor) * num.ceil(wd / mindeltagf)) + 1
216 else:
217 nl = int((1. / decimation_factor) * num.ceil(ln / mindeltagf)) + 1
218 nw = int((1. / decimation_factor) * num.ceil(wd / mindeltagf)) + 1
220 n = int(nl * nw)
222 dl = ln / nl
223 dw = wd / nw
225 xl = num.linspace(-0.5 * (ln - dl), 0.5 * (ln - dl), nl)
226 xw = num.linspace(-0.5 * (wd - dw), 0.5 * (wd - dw), nw)
228 points = num.zeros((n, 3), dtype=num.float)
229 points[:, 0] = num.tile(xl, nw)
230 points[:, 1] = num.repeat(xw, nl)
232 if nucleation_x is not None:
233 dist_x = num.abs(nucleation_x - points[:, 0])
234 else:
235 dist_x = num.zeros(n)
237 if nucleation_y is not None:
238 dist_y = num.abs(nucleation_y - points[:, 1])
239 else:
240 dist_y = num.zeros(n)
242 dist = num.sqrt(dist_x**2 + dist_y**2)
243 times = dist / velocity
245 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[anchor]
247 points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * length
248 points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * width
250 if plane_coords:
251 return points, dl, dw, nl, nw
253 rotmat = num.asarray(
254 pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0))
255 points = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
257 points[:, 0] += north
258 points[:, 1] += east
259 points[:, 2] += depth
261 if pointsonly:
262 return points, dl, dw, nl, nw
264 xtau, amplitudes = stf.discretize_t(deltat, time)
265 nt = xtau.size
267 points2 = num.repeat(points, nt, axis=0)
268 times2 = (times[:, num.newaxis] + xtau[num.newaxis, :]).ravel()
269 amplitudes2 = num.tile(amplitudes, n)
271 return points2, times2, amplitudes2, dl, dw, nl, nw
274def check_rect_source_discretisation(points2, nl, nw, store):
275 # We assume a non-rotated fault plane
276 N_CRITICAL = 8
277 points = points2.T.reshape((3, nl, nw))
278 if points.size <= N_CRITICAL:
279 logger.warning('RectangularSource is defined by only %d sub-sources!'
280 % points.size)
281 return True
283 distances = num.sqrt(
284 (points[0, 0, :] - points[0, 1, :])**2 +
285 (points[1, 0, :] - points[1, 1, :])**2 +
286 (points[2, 0, :] - points[2, 1, :])**2)
288 depths = points[2, 0, :]
289 vs_profile = store.config.get_vs(
290 lat=0., lon=0.,
291 points=num.repeat(depths[:, num.newaxis], 3, axis=1),
292 interpolation='multilinear')
294 min_wavelength = vs_profile * (store.config.deltat * 2)
295 if not num.all(min_wavelength > distances / 2):
296 return False
297 return True
300def outline_rect_source(strike, dip, length, width, anchor):
301 ln = length
302 wd = width
303 points = num.array(
304 [[-0.5 * ln, -0.5 * wd, 0.],
305 [0.5 * ln, -0.5 * wd, 0.],
306 [0.5 * ln, 0.5 * wd, 0.],
307 [-0.5 * ln, 0.5 * wd, 0.],
308 [-0.5 * ln, -0.5 * wd, 0.]])
310 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[anchor]
311 points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * length
312 points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * width
314 rotmat = num.asarray(
315 pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0))
317 return num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
320def from_plane_coords(
321 strike, dip, length, width, depth, x_plane_coords, y_plane_coords,
322 lat=0., lon=0.,
323 north_shift=0, east_shift=0,
324 anchor='top', cs='xy'):
326 ln = length
327 wd = width
328 x_abs = []
329 y_abs = []
330 if not isinstance(x_plane_coords, list):
331 x_plane_coords = [x_plane_coords]
332 y_plane_coords = [y_plane_coords]
334 for x_plane, y_plane in zip(x_plane_coords, y_plane_coords):
335 points = num.array(
336 [[-0.5 * ln * x_plane, -0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
337 [0.5 * ln * x_plane, -0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
338 [0.5 * ln * x_plane, 0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
339 [-0.5 * ln * x_plane, 0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
340 [-0.5 * ln * x_plane, -0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.]])
342 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[anchor]
343 points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * length
344 points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * width
346 rotmat = num.asarray(
347 pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0))
349 points = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
350 points[:, 0] += north_shift
351 points[:, 1] += east_shift
352 points[:, 2] += depth
353 if cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat'):
354 latlon = ne_to_latlon(lat, lon,
355 points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
356 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
357 x_abs.append(latlon[1:2, 1])
358 y_abs.append(latlon[2:3, 0])
359 if cs == 'xy':
360 x_abs.append(points[1:2, 1])
361 y_abs.append(points[2:3, 0])
363 if cs == 'lonlat':
364 return y_abs, x_abs
365 else:
366 return x_abs, y_abs
369def points_on_rect_source(
370 strike, dip, length, width, anchor,
371 discretized_basesource=None, points_x=None, points_y=None):
373 ln = length
374 wd = width
376 if isinstance(points_x, list) or isinstance(points_x, float):
377 points_x = num.array([points_x])
378 if isinstance(points_y, list) or isinstance(points_y, float):
379 points_y = num.array([points_y])
381 if discretized_basesource:
382 ds = discretized_basesource
384 nl_patches = ds.nl + 1
385 nw_patches = ds.nw + 1
387 npoints = nl_patches * nw_patches
388 points = num.zeros((npoints, 3))
389 ln_patches = num.array([il for il in range(nl_patches)])
390 wd_patches = num.array([iw for iw in range(nw_patches)])
392 points_ln =\
393 2 * ((ln_patches - num.min(ln_patches)) / num.ptp(ln_patches)) - 1
394 points_wd =\
395 2 * ((wd_patches - num.min(wd_patches)) / num.ptp(wd_patches)) - 1
397 for il in range(nl_patches):
398 for iw in range(nw_patches):
399 points[il * nw_patches + iw, :] = num.array([
400 points_ln[il] * ln * 0.5,
401 points_wd[iw] * wd * 0.5, 0.0])
403 elif points_x.any() and points_y.any():
404 points = num.zeros(shape=((len(points_x), 3)))
405 for i, (x, y) in enumerate(zip(points_x, points_y)):
406 points[i, :] = num.array(
407 [x * 0.5 * ln, y * 0.5 * wd, 0.0])
409 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[anchor]
411 points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * ln
412 points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * wd
414 rotmat = num.asarray(
415 pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0))
417 return num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
420class InvalidGridDef(Exception):
421 pass
424class Range(SObject):
425 '''
426 Convenient range specification.
428 Equivalent ways to sepecify the range [ 0., 1000., ... 10000. ]::
430 Range('0 .. 10k : 1k')
431 Range(start=0., stop=10e3, step=1e3)
432 Range(0, 10e3, 1e3)
433 Range('0 .. 10k @ 11')
434 Range(start=0., stop=10*km, n=11)
436 Range(0, 10e3, n=11)
437 Range(values=[x*1e3 for x in range(11)])
439 Depending on the use context, it can be possible to omit any part of the
440 specification. E.g. in the context of extracting a subset of an already
441 existing range, the existing range's specification values would be filled
442 in where missing.
444 The values are distributed with equal spacing, unless the ``spacing``
445 argument is modified. The values can be created offset or relative to an
446 external base value with the ``relative`` argument if the use context
447 supports this.
449 The range specification can be expressed with a short string
450 representation::
452 'start .. stop @ num | spacing, relative'
453 'start .. stop : step | spacing, relative'
455 most parts of the expression can be omitted if not needed. Whitespace is
456 allowed for readability but can also be omitted.
457 '''
459 start = Float.T(optional=True)
460 stop = Float.T(optional=True)
461 step = Float.T(optional=True)
462 n = Int.T(optional=True)
463 values = Array.T(optional=True, dtype=float, shape=(None,))
465 spacing = StringChoice.T(
466 choices=['lin', 'log', 'symlog'],
467 default='lin',
468 optional=True)
470 relative = StringChoice.T(
471 choices=['', 'add', 'mult'],
472 default='',
473 optional=True)
475 pattern = re.compile(r'^((?P<start>.*)\.\.(?P<stop>[^@|:]*))?'
476 r'(@(?P<n>[^|]+)|:(?P<step>[^|]+))?'
477 r'(\|(?P<stuff>.+))?$')
479 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
480 d = {}
481 if len(args) == 1:
482 d = self.parse(args[0])
483 elif len(args) in (2, 3):
484 d['start'], d['stop'] = [float(x) for x in args[:2]]
485 if len(args) == 3:
486 d['step'] = float(args[2])
488 for k, v in kwargs.items():
489 if k in d:
490 raise ArgumentError('%s specified more than once' % k)
492 d[k] = v
494 SObject.__init__(self, **d)
496 def __str__(self):
497 def sfloat(x):
498 if x is not None:
499 return '%g' % x
500 else:
501 return ''
503 if self.values:
504 return ','.join('%g' % x for x in self.values)
506 if self.start is None and self.stop is None:
507 s0 = ''
508 else:
509 s0 = '%s .. %s' % (sfloat(self.start), sfloat(self.stop))
511 s1 = ''
512 if self.step is not None:
513 s1 = [' : %g', ':%g'][s0 == ''] % self.step
514 elif self.n is not None:
515 s1 = [' @ %i', '@%i'][s0 == ''] % self.n
517 if self.spacing == 'lin' and self.relative == '':
518 s2 = ''
519 else:
520 x = []
521 if self.spacing != 'lin':
522 x.append(self.spacing)
524 if self.relative != '':
525 x.append(self.relative)
527 s2 = ' | %s' % ','.join(x)
529 return s0 + s1 + s2
531 @classmethod
532 def parse(cls, s):
533 s = re.sub(r'\s+', '', s)
534 m = cls.pattern.match(s)
535 if not m:
536 try:
537 vals = [ufloat(x) for x in s.split(',')]
538 except Exception:
539 raise InvalidGridDef(
540 '"%s" is not a valid range specification' % s)
542 return dict(values=num.array(vals, dtype=float))
544 d = m.groupdict()
545 try:
546 start = ufloat_or_none(d['start'])
547 stop = ufloat_or_none(d['stop'])
548 step = ufloat_or_none(d['step'])
549 n = int_or_none(d['n'])
550 except Exception:
551 raise InvalidGridDef(
552 '"%s" is not a valid range specification' % s)
554 spacing = 'lin'
555 relative = ''
557 if d['stuff'] is not None:
558 t = d['stuff'].split(',')
559 for x in t:
560 if x in cls.spacing.choices:
561 spacing = x
562 elif x and x in cls.relative.choices:
563 relative = x
564 else:
565 raise InvalidGridDef(
566 '"%s" is not a valid range specification' % s)
568 return dict(start=start, stop=stop, step=step, n=n, spacing=spacing,
569 relative=relative)
571 def make(self, mi=None, ma=None, inc=None, base=None, eps=1e-5):
572 if self.values:
573 return self.values
575 start = self.start
576 stop = self.stop
577 step = self.step
578 n = self.n
580 swap = step is not None and step < 0.
581 if start is None:
582 start = [mi, ma][swap]
583 if stop is None:
584 stop = [ma, mi][swap]
585 if step is None and inc is not None:
586 step = [inc, -inc][ma < mi]
588 if start is None or stop is None:
589 raise InvalidGridDef(
590 'Cannot use range specification "%s" without start '
591 'and stop in this context' % self)
593 if step is None and n is None:
594 step = stop - start
596 if n is None:
597 if (step < 0) != (stop - start < 0):
598 raise InvalidGridDef(
599 'Range specification "%s" has inconsistent ordering '
600 '(step < 0 => stop > start)' % self)
602 n = int(round((stop - start) / step)) + 1
603 stop2 = start + (n - 1) * step
604 if abs(stop - stop2) > eps:
605 n = int(math.floor((stop - start) / step)) + 1
606 stop = start + (n - 1) * step
607 else:
608 stop = stop2
610 if start == stop:
611 n = 1
613 if self.spacing == 'lin':
614 vals = num.linspace(start, stop, n)
616 elif self.spacing in ('log', 'symlog'):
617 if start > 0. and stop > 0.:
618 vals = num.exp(num.linspace(num.log(start),
619 num.log(stop), n))
620 elif start < 0. and stop < 0.:
621 vals = -num.exp(num.linspace(num.log(-start),
622 num.log(-stop), n))
623 else:
624 raise InvalidGridDef(
625 'Log ranges should not include or cross zero '
626 '(in range specification "%s").' % self)
628 if self.spacing == 'symlog':
629 nvals = - vals
630 vals = num.concatenate((nvals[::-1], vals))
632 if self.relative in ('add', 'mult') and base is None:
633 raise InvalidGridDef(
634 'Cannot use relative range specification in this context.')
636 vals = self.make_relative(base, vals)
638 return list(map(float, vals))
640 def make_relative(self, base, vals):
641 if self.relative == 'add':
642 vals += base
644 if self.relative == 'mult':
645 vals *= base
647 return vals
650class GridDefElement(Object):
652 param = meta.StringID.T()
653 rs = Range.T()
655 def __init__(self, shorthand=None, **kwargs):
656 if shorthand is not None:
657 t = shorthand.split('=')
658 if len(t) != 2:
659 raise InvalidGridDef(
660 'Invalid grid specification element: %s' % shorthand)
662 sp, sr = t[0].strip(), t[1].strip()
664 kwargs['param'] = sp
665 kwargs['rs'] = Range(sr)
667 Object.__init__(self, **kwargs)
669 def shorthand(self):
670 return self.param + ' = ' + str(self.rs)
673class GridDef(Object):
675 elements = List.T(GridDefElement.T())
677 def __init__(self, shorthand=None, **kwargs):
678 if shorthand is not None:
679 t = shorthand.splitlines()
680 tt = []
681 for x in t:
682 x = x.strip()
683 if x:
684 tt.extend(x.split(';'))
686 elements = []
687 for se in tt:
688 elements.append(GridDef(se))
690 kwargs['elements'] = elements
692 Object.__init__(self, **kwargs)
694 def shorthand(self):
695 return '; '.join(str(x) for x in self.elements)
698class Cloneable(object):
700 def __iter__(self):
701 return iter(self.T.propnames)
703 def __getitem__(self, k):
704 if k not in self.keys():
705 raise KeyError(k)
707 return getattr(self, k)
709 def __setitem__(self, k, v):
710 if k not in self.keys():
711 raise KeyError(k)
713 return setattr(self, k, v)
715 def clone(self, **kwargs):
716 '''
717 Make a copy of the object.
719 A new object of the same class is created and initialized with the
720 parameters of the object on which this method is called on. If
721 ``kwargs`` are given, these are used to override any of the
722 initialization parameters.
723 '''
725 d = dict(self)
726 for k in d:
727 v = d[k]
728 if isinstance(v, Cloneable):
729 d[k] = v.clone()
731 d.update(kwargs)
732 return self.__class__(**d)
734 @classmethod
735 def keys(cls):
736 '''
737 Get list of the source model's parameter names.
738 '''
740 return cls.T.propnames
743class STF(Object, Cloneable):
745 '''
746 Base class for source time functions.
747 '''
749 def __init__(self, effective_duration=None, **kwargs):
750 if effective_duration is not None:
751 kwargs['duration'] = effective_duration / \
752 self.factor_duration_to_effective()
754 Object.__init__(self, **kwargs)
756 @classmethod
757 def factor_duration_to_effective(cls):
758 return 1.0
760 def centroid_time(self, tref):
761 return tref
763 @property
764 def effective_duration(self):
765 return self.duration * self.factor_duration_to_effective()
767 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
768 tl = math.floor(tref / deltat) * deltat
769 th = math.ceil(tref / deltat) * deltat
770 if tl == th:
771 return num.array([tl], dtype=float), num.ones(1)
772 else:
773 return (
774 num.array([tl, th], dtype=float),
775 num.array([th - tref, tref - tl], dtype=float) / deltat)
777 def base_key(self):
778 return (type(self).__name__,)
781g_unit_pulse = STF()
784def sshift(times, amplitudes, tshift, deltat):
786 t0 = math.floor(tshift / deltat) * deltat
787 t1 = math.ceil(tshift / deltat) * deltat
788 if t0 == t1:
789 return times, amplitudes
791 amplitudes2 = num.zeros(amplitudes.size + 1, dtype=float)
793 amplitudes2[:-1] += (t1 - tshift) / deltat * amplitudes
794 amplitudes2[1:] += (tshift - t0) / deltat * amplitudes
796 times2 = num.arange(times.size + 1, dtype=float) * \
797 deltat + times[0] + t0
799 return times2, amplitudes2
802class BoxcarSTF(STF):
804 '''
805 Boxcar type source time function.
807 .. figure :: /static/stf-BoxcarSTF.svg
808 :width: 40%
809 :align: center
810 :alt: boxcar source time function
811 '''
813 duration = Float.T(
814 default=0.0,
815 help='duration of the boxcar')
817 anchor = Float.T(
818 default=0.0,
819 help='anchor point with respect to source.time: ('
820 '-1.0: left -> source duration [0, T] ~ hypocenter time, '
821 ' 0.0: center -> source duration [-T/2, T/2] ~ centroid time, '
822 '+1.0: right -> source duration [-T, 0] ~ rupture end time)')
824 @classmethod
825 def factor_duration_to_effective(cls):
826 return 1.0
828 def centroid_time(self, tref):
829 return tref - 0.5 * self.duration * self.anchor
831 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
832 tmin_stf = tref - self.duration * (self.anchor + 1.) * 0.5
833 tmax_stf = tref + self.duration * (1. - self.anchor) * 0.5
834 tmin = round(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
835 tmax = round(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
836 nt = int(round((tmax - tmin) / deltat)) + 1
837 times = num.linspace(tmin, tmax, nt)
838 amplitudes = num.ones_like(times)
839 if times.size > 1:
840 t_edges = num.linspace(
841 tmin - 0.5 * deltat, tmax + 0.5 * deltat, nt + 1)
842 t = tmin_stf + self.duration * num.array(
843 [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0], dtype=float)
844 f = num.array([0., 1., 1., 0.], dtype=float)
845 amplitudes = util.plf_integrate_piecewise(t_edges, t, f)
846 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
848 tshift = (num.sum(amplitudes * times) - self.centroid_time(tref))
850 return sshift(times, amplitudes, -tshift, deltat)
852 def base_key(self):
853 return (type(self).__name__, self.duration, self.anchor)
856class TriangularSTF(STF):
858 '''
859 Triangular type source time function.
861 .. figure :: /static/stf-TriangularSTF.svg
862 :width: 40%
863 :align: center
864 :alt: triangular source time function
865 '''
867 duration = Float.T(
868 default=0.0,
869 help='baseline of the triangle')
871 peak_ratio = Float.T(
872 default=0.5,
873 help='fraction of time compared to duration, '
874 'when the maximum amplitude is reached')
876 anchor = Float.T(
877 default=0.0,
878 help='anchor point with respect to source.time: ('
879 '-1.0: left -> source duration [0, T] ~ hypocenter time, '
880 ' 0.0: center -> source duration [-T/2, T/2] ~ centroid time, '
881 '+1.0: right -> source duration [-T, 0] ~ rupture end time)')
883 @classmethod
884 def factor_duration_to_effective(cls, peak_ratio=None):
885 if peak_ratio is None:
886 peak_ratio = cls.peak_ratio.default()
888 return math.sqrt((peak_ratio**2 - peak_ratio + 1.0) * 2.0 / 3.0)
890 def __init__(self, effective_duration=None, **kwargs):
891 if effective_duration is not None:
892 kwargs['duration'] = effective_duration / \
893 self.factor_duration_to_effective(
894 kwargs.get('peak_ratio', None))
896 STF.__init__(self, **kwargs)
898 @property
899 def centroid_ratio(self):
900 ra = self.peak_ratio
901 rb = 1.0 - ra
902 return self.peak_ratio + (rb**2 / 3. - ra**2 / 3.) / (ra + rb)
904 def centroid_time(self, tref):
905 ca = self.centroid_ratio
906 cb = 1.0 - ca
907 if self.anchor <= 0.:
908 return tref - ca * self.duration * self.anchor
909 else:
910 return tref - cb * self.duration * self.anchor
912 @property
913 def effective_duration(self):
914 return self.duration * self.factor_duration_to_effective(
915 self.peak_ratio)
917 def tminmax_stf(self, tref):
918 ca = self.centroid_ratio
919 cb = 1.0 - ca
920 if self.anchor <= 0.:
921 tmin_stf = tref - ca * self.duration * (self.anchor + 1.)
922 tmax_stf = tmin_stf + self.duration
923 else:
924 tmax_stf = tref + cb * self.duration * (1. - self.anchor)
925 tmin_stf = tmax_stf - self.duration
927 return tmin_stf, tmax_stf
929 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
930 tmin_stf, tmax_stf = self.tminmax_stf(tref)
932 tmin = round(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
933 tmax = round(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
934 nt = int(round((tmax - tmin) / deltat)) + 1
935 if nt > 1:
936 t_edges = num.linspace(
937 tmin - 0.5 * deltat, tmax + 0.5 * deltat, nt + 1)
938 t = tmin_stf + self.duration * num.array(
939 [0.0, self.peak_ratio, 1.0], dtype=float)
940 f = num.array([0., 1., 0.], dtype=float)
941 amplitudes = util.plf_integrate_piecewise(t_edges, t, f)
942 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
943 else:
944 amplitudes = num.ones(1)
946 times = num.linspace(tmin, tmax, nt)
947 return times, amplitudes
949 def base_key(self):
950 return (
951 type(self).__name__, self.duration, self.peak_ratio, self.anchor)
954class HalfSinusoidSTF(STF):
956 '''
957 Half sinusoid type source time function.
959 .. figure :: /static/stf-HalfSinusoidSTF.svg
960 :width: 40%
961 :align: center
962 :alt: half-sinusouid source time function
963 '''
965 duration = Float.T(
966 default=0.0,
967 help='duration of the half-sinusoid (baseline)')
969 anchor = Float.T(
970 default=0.0,
971 help='anchor point with respect to source.time: ('
972 '-1.0: left -> source duration [0, T] ~ hypocenter time, '
973 ' 0.0: center -> source duration [-T/2, T/2] ~ centroid time, '
974 '+1.0: right -> source duration [-T, 0] ~ rupture end time)')
976 exponent = Int.T(
977 default=1,
978 help='set to 2 to use square of the half-period sinusoidal function.')
980 def __init__(self, effective_duration=None, **kwargs):
981 if effective_duration is not None:
982 kwargs['duration'] = effective_duration / \
983 self.factor_duration_to_effective(
984 kwargs.get('exponent', 1))
986 STF.__init__(self, **kwargs)
988 @classmethod
989 def factor_duration_to_effective(cls, exponent):
990 if exponent == 1:
991 return math.sqrt(3.0 * math.pi**2 - 24.0) / math.pi
992 elif exponent == 2:
993 return math.sqrt(math.pi**2 - 6) / math.pi
994 else:
995 raise ValueError('Exponent for HalfSinusoidSTF must be 1 or 2.')
997 @property
998 def effective_duration(self):
999 return self.duration * self.factor_duration_to_effective(self.exponent)
1001 def centroid_time(self, tref):
1002 return tref - 0.5 * self.duration * self.anchor
1004 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
1005 tmin_stf = tref - self.duration * (self.anchor + 1.) * 0.5
1006 tmax_stf = tref + self.duration * (1. - self.anchor) * 0.5
1007 tmin = round(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
1008 tmax = round(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
1009 nt = int(round((tmax - tmin) / deltat)) + 1
1010 if nt > 1:
1011 t_edges = num.maximum(tmin_stf, num.minimum(tmax_stf, num.linspace(
1012 tmin - 0.5 * deltat, tmax + 0.5 * deltat, nt + 1)))
1014 if self.exponent == 1:
1015 fint = -num.cos(
1016 (t_edges - tmin_stf) * (math.pi / self.duration))
1018 elif self.exponent == 2:
1019 fint = (t_edges - tmin_stf) / self.duration \
1020 - 1.0 / (2.0 * math.pi) * num.sin(
1021 (t_edges - tmin_stf) * (2.0 * math.pi / self.duration))
1022 else:
1023 raise ValueError(
1024 'Exponent for HalfSinusoidSTF must be 1 or 2.')
1026 amplitudes = fint[1:] - fint[:-1]
1027 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
1028 else:
1029 amplitudes = num.ones(1)
1031 times = num.linspace(tmin, tmax, nt)
1032 return times, amplitudes
1034 def base_key(self):
1035 return (type(self).__name__, self.duration, self.anchor)
1038class SmoothRampSTF(STF):
1039 '''
1040 Smooth-ramp type source time function for near-field displacement.
1041 Based on moment function of double-couple point source proposed by Bruestle
1042 and Mueller (PEPI, 1983).
1044 .. [1] W. Bruestle, G. Mueller (1983), Moment and duration of shallow
1045 earthquakes from Love-wave modelling for regional distances, PEPI 32,
1046 312-324.
1048 .. figure :: /static/stf-SmoothRampSTF.svg
1049 :width: 40%
1050 :alt: smooth ramp source time function
1051 '''
1052 duration = Float.T(
1053 default=0.0,
1054 help='duration of the ramp (baseline)')
1056 rise_ratio = Float.T(
1057 default=0.5,
1058 help='fraction of time compared to duration, '
1059 'when the maximum amplitude is reached')
1061 anchor = Float.T(
1062 default=0.0,
1063 help='anchor point with respect to source.time: ('
1064 '-1.0: left -> source duration ``[0, T]`` ~ hypocenter time, '
1065 '0.0: center -> source duration ``[-T/2, T/2]`` ~ centroid time, '
1066 '+1.0: right -> source duration ``[-T, 0]`` ~ rupture end time)')
1068 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
1069 tmin_stf = tref - self.duration * (self.anchor + 1.) * 0.5
1070 tmax_stf = tref + self.duration * (1. - self.anchor) * 0.5
1071 tmin = round(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
1072 tmax = round(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
1073 D = round((tmax - tmin) / deltat) * deltat
1074 nt = int(round(D / deltat)) + 1
1075 times = num.linspace(tmin, tmax, nt)
1076 if nt > 1:
1077 rise_time = self.rise_ratio * self.duration
1078 amplitudes = num.ones_like(times)
1079 tp = tmin + rise_time
1080 ii = num.where(times <= tp)
1081 t_inc = times[ii]
1082 a = num.cos(num.pi * (t_inc - tmin_stf) / rise_time)
1083 b = num.cos(3 * num.pi * (t_inc - tmin_stf) / rise_time) - 1.0
1084 amplitudes[ii] = (9. / 16.) * (1 - a + (1. / 9.) * b)
1086 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
1087 else:
1088 amplitudes = num.ones(1)
1090 return times, amplitudes
1092 def base_key(self):
1093 return (type(self).__name__,
1094 self.duration, self.rise_ratio, self.anchor)
1097class ResonatorSTF(STF):
1098 '''
1099 Simple resonator like source time function.
1101 .. math ::
1103 f(t) = 0 for t < 0
1104 f(t) = e^{-t/tau} * sin(2 * pi * f * t)
1107 .. figure :: /static/stf-SmoothRampSTF.svg
1108 :width: 40%
1109 :alt: smooth ramp source time function
1111 '''
1113 duration = Float.T(
1114 default=0.0,
1115 help='decay time')
1117 frequency = Float.T(
1118 default=1.0,
1119 help='resonance frequency')
1121 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
1122 tmin_stf = tref
1123 tmax_stf = tref + self.duration * 3
1124 tmin = math.floor(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
1125 tmax = math.ceil(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
1126 times = util.arange2(tmin, tmax, deltat)
1127 amplitudes = num.exp(-(times - tref) / self.duration) \
1128 * num.sin(2.0 * num.pi * self.frequency * (times - tref))
1130 return times, amplitudes
1132 def base_key(self):
1133 return (type(self).__name__,
1134 self.duration, self.frequency)
1137class STFMode(StringChoice):
1138 choices = ['pre', 'post']
1141class Source(Location, Cloneable):
1142 '''
1143 Base class for all source models.
1144 '''
1146 name = String.T(optional=True, default='')
1148 time = Timestamp.T(
1149 default=Timestamp.D('1970-01-01 00:00:00'),
1150 help='source origin time.')
1152 stf = STF.T(
1153 optional=True,
1154 help='source time function.')
1156 stf_mode = STFMode.T(
1157 default='post',
1158 help='whether to apply source time function in pre or '
1159 'post-processing.')
1161 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
1162 Location.__init__(self, **kwargs)
1164 def update(self, **kwargs):
1165 '''
1166 Change some of the source models parameters.
1168 Example::
1170 >>> from pyrocko import gf
1171 >>> s = gf.DCSource()
1172 >>> s.update(strike=66., dip=33.)
1173 >>> print(s)
1174 --- !pf.DCSource
1175 depth: 0.0
1176 time: 1970-01-01 00:00:00
1177 magnitude: 6.0
1178 strike: 66.0
1179 dip: 33.0
1180 rake: 0.0
1182 '''
1184 for (k, v) in kwargs.items():
1185 self[k] = v
1187 def grid(self, **variables):
1188 '''
1189 Create grid of source model variations.
1191 :returns: :py:class:`SourceGrid` instance.
1193 Example::
1195 >>> from pyrocko import gf
1196 >>> base = DCSource()
1197 >>> R = gf.Range
1198 >>> for s in base.grid(R('
1200 '''
1201 return SourceGrid(base=self, variables=variables)
1203 def base_key(self):
1204 '''
1205 Get key to decide about source discretization / GF stack sharing.
1207 When two source models differ only in amplitude and origin time, the
1208 discretization and the GF stacking can be done only once for a unit
1209 amplitude and a zero origin time and the amplitude and origin times of
1210 the seismograms can be applied during post-processing of the synthetic
1211 seismogram.
1213 For any derived parameterized source model, this method is called to
1214 decide if discretization and stacking of the source should be shared.
1215 When two source models return an equal vector of values discretization
1216 is shared.
1217 '''
1218 return (self.depth, self.lat, self.north_shift,
1219 self.lon, self.east_shift, self.time, type(self).__name__) + \
1220 self.effective_stf_pre().base_key()
1222 def get_factor(self):
1223 '''
1224 Get the scaling factor to be applied during post-processing.
1226 Discretization of the base seismogram is usually done for a unit
1227 amplitude, because a common factor can be efficiently multiplied to
1228 final seismograms. This eliminates to do repeat the stacking when
1229 creating seismograms for a series of source models only differing in
1230 amplitude.
1232 This method should return the scaling factor to apply in the
1233 post-processing (often this is simply the scalar moment of the source).
1234 '''
1236 return 1.0
1238 def effective_stf_pre(self):
1239 '''
1240 Return the STF applied before stacking of the Green's functions.
1242 This STF is used during discretization of the parameterized source
1243 models, i.e. to produce a temporal distribution of point sources.
1245 Handling of the STF before stacking of the GFs is less efficient but
1246 allows to use different source time functions for different parts of
1247 the source.
1248 '''
1250 if self.stf is not None and self.stf_mode == 'pre':
1251 return self.stf
1252 else:
1253 return g_unit_pulse
1255 def effective_stf_post(self):
1256 '''
1257 Return the STF applied after stacking of the Green's fuctions.
1259 This STF is used in the post-processing of the synthetic seismograms.
1261 Handling of the STF after stacking of the GFs is usually more efficient
1262 but is only possible when a common STF is used for all subsources.
1263 '''
1265 if self.stf is not None and self.stf_mode == 'post':
1266 return self.stf
1267 else:
1268 return g_unit_pulse
1270 def _dparams_base(self):
1271 return dict(times=arr(self.time),
1272 lat=self.lat, lon=self.lon,
1273 north_shifts=arr(self.north_shift),
1274 east_shifts=arr(self.east_shift),
1275 depths=arr(self.depth))
1277 def _hash(self):
1278 sha = sha1()
1279 for k in self.base_key():
1280 sha.update(str(k).encode())
1281 return sha.hexdigest()
1283 def _dparams_base_repeated(self, times):
1284 if times is None:
1285 return self._dparams_base()
1287 nt = times.size
1288 north_shifts = num.repeat(self.north_shift, nt)
1289 east_shifts = num.repeat(self.east_shift, nt)
1290 depths = num.repeat(self.depth, nt)
1291 return dict(times=times,
1292 lat=self.lat, lon=self.lon,
1293 north_shifts=north_shifts,
1294 east_shifts=east_shifts,
1295 depths=depths)
1297 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1298 duration = None
1299 if self.stf:
1300 duration = self.stf.effective_duration
1302 return model.Event(
1303 lat=self.lat,
1304 lon=self.lon,
1305 north_shift=self.north_shift,
1306 east_shift=self.east_shift,
1307 time=self.time,
1308 name=self.name,
1309 depth=self.depth,
1310 duration=duration,
1311 **kwargs)
1313 def outline(self, cs='xyz'):
1314 points = num.atleast_2d(num.zeros([1, 3]))
1316 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
1317 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
1318 points[:, 2] += self.depth
1319 if cs == 'xyz':
1320 return points
1321 elif cs == 'xy':
1322 return points[:, :2]
1323 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat'):
1324 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
1325 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
1327 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
1328 if cs == 'latlon':
1329 return latlon
1330 else:
1331 return latlon[:, ::-1]
1333 @classmethod
1334 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
1335 if ev.depth is None:
1336 raise ConversionError(
1337 'Cannot convert event object to source object: '
1338 'no depth information available')
1340 stf = None
1341 if ev.duration is not None:
1342 stf = HalfSinusoidSTF(effective_duration=ev.duration)
1344 d = dict(
1345 name=ev.name,
1346 time=ev.time,
1347 lat=ev.lat,
1348 lon=ev.lon,
1349 north_shift=ev.north_shift,
1350 east_shift=ev.east_shift,
1351 depth=ev.depth,
1352 stf=stf)
1353 d.update(kwargs)
1354 return cls(**d)
1356 def get_magnitude(self):
1357 raise NotImplementedError(
1358 '%s does not implement get_magnitude()'
1359 % self.__class__.__name__)
1362class SourceWithMagnitude(Source):
1363 '''
1364 Base class for sources containing a moment magnitude.
1365 '''
1367 magnitude = Float.T(
1368 default=6.0,
1369 help='Moment magnitude Mw as in [Hanks and Kanamori, 1979]')
1371 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
1372 if 'moment' in kwargs:
1373 mom = kwargs.pop('moment')
1374 if 'magnitude' not in kwargs:
1375 kwargs['magnitude'] = float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(mom))
1377 Source.__init__(self, **kwargs)
1379 @property
1380 def moment(self):
1381 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.magnitude))
1383 @moment.setter
1384 def moment(self, value):
1385 self.magnitude = float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(value))
1387 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1388 return Source.pyrocko_event(
1389 self, store, target,
1390 magnitude=self.magnitude,
1391 **kwargs)
1393 @classmethod
1394 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
1395 d = {}
1396 if ev.magnitude:
1397 d.update(magnitude=ev.magnitude)
1399 d.update(kwargs)
1400 return super(SourceWithMagnitude, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
1402 def get_magnitude(self):
1403 return self.magnitude
1406class DerivedMagnitudeError(ValidationError):
1407 pass
1410class SourceWithDerivedMagnitude(Source):
1412 class __T(Source.T):
1414 def validate_extra(self, val):
1415 Source.T.validate_extra(self, val)
1416 val.check_conflicts()
1418 def check_conflicts(self):
1419 '''
1420 Check for parameter conflicts.
1422 To be overloaded in subclasses. Raises :py:exc:`DerivedMagnitudeError`
1423 on conflicts.
1424 '''
1425 pass
1427 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
1428 raise DerivedMagnitudeError('No magnitude set.')
1430 def get_moment(self, store=None, target=None):
1431 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(
1432 self.get_magnitude(store, target)))
1434 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1435 raise NotImplementedError(
1436 '%s does not implement pyrocko_moment_tensor()'
1437 % self.__class__.__name__)
1439 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1440 try:
1441 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target)
1442 magnitude = self.get_magnitude()
1443 except (DerivedMagnitudeError, NotImplementedError):
1444 mt = None
1445 magnitude = None
1447 return Source.pyrocko_event(
1448 self, store, target,
1449 moment_tensor=mt,
1450 magnitude=magnitude,
1451 **kwargs)
1454class ExplosionSource(SourceWithDerivedMagnitude):
1455 '''
1456 An isotropic explosion point source.
1457 '''
1459 magnitude = Float.T(
1460 optional=True,
1461 help='moment magnitude Mw as in [Hanks and Kanamori, 1979]')
1463 volume_change = Float.T(
1464 optional=True,
1465 help='volume change of the explosion/implosion or '
1466 'the contracting/extending magmatic source. [m^3]')
1468 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedExplosionSource
1470 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
1471 if 'moment' in kwargs:
1472 mom = kwargs.pop('moment')
1473 if 'magnitude' not in kwargs:
1474 kwargs['magnitude'] = float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(mom))
1476 SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.__init__(self, **kwargs)
1478 def base_key(self):
1479 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.base_key(self) + \
1480 (self.volume_change,)
1482 def check_conflicts(self):
1483 if self.magnitude is not None and self.volume_change is not None:
1484 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1485 'Magnitude and volume_change are both defined.')
1487 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
1488 self.check_conflicts()
1490 if self.magnitude is not None:
1491 return self.magnitude
1493 elif self.volume_change is not None:
1494 moment = self.volume_change * \
1495 self.get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(store, target)
1497 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(abs(moment)))
1498 else:
1499 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(1.0))
1501 def get_volume_change(self, store=None, target=None):
1502 self.check_conflicts()
1504 if self.volume_change is not None:
1505 return self.volume_change
1507 elif self.magnitude is not None:
1508 moment = float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.magnitude))
1509 return moment / self.get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(
1510 store, target)
1512 else:
1513 return 1.0 / self.get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(store)
1515 def get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(self, store, target=None):
1516 if store is None:
1517 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1518 'Need earth model to convert between volume change and '
1519 'magnitude.')
1521 points = num.array(
1522 [[self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth]], dtype=float)
1524 interpolation = target.interpolation if target else 'multilinear'
1525 try:
1526 shear_moduli = store.config.get_shear_moduli(
1527 self.lat, self.lon,
1528 points=points,
1529 interpolation=interpolation)[0]
1530 except meta.OutOfBounds:
1531 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1532 'Could not get shear modulus at source position.')
1534 return float(3. * shear_moduli)
1536 def get_factor(self):
1537 return 1.0
1539 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1540 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1541 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1543 amplitudes *= self.get_moment(store, target) * math.sqrt(2. / 3.)
1545 if self.volume_change is not None:
1546 if self.volume_change < 0.:
1547 amplitudes *= -1
1549 return meta.DiscretizedExplosionSource(
1550 m0s=amplitudes,
1551 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1553 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1554 a = self.get_moment(store, target) * math.sqrt(2. / 3.)
1555 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=pmt.symmat6(a, a, a, 0., 0., 0.))
1558class RectangularExplosionSource(ExplosionSource):
1559 '''
1560 Rectangular or line explosion source.
1561 '''
1563 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedExplosionSource
1565 strike = Float.T(
1566 default=0.0,
1567 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
1569 dip = Float.T(
1570 default=90.0,
1571 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
1573 length = Float.T(
1574 default=0.,
1575 help='length of rectangular source area [m]')
1577 width = Float.T(
1578 default=0.,
1579 help='width of rectangular source area [m]')
1581 anchor = StringChoice.T(
1582 choices=['top', 'top_left', 'top_right', 'center', 'bottom',
1583 'bottom_left', 'bottom_right'],
1584 default='center',
1585 optional=True,
1586 help='Anchor point for positioning the plane, can be: top, center or'
1587 'bottom and also top_left, top_right,bottom_left,'
1588 'bottom_right, center_left and center right')
1590 nucleation_x = Float.T(
1591 optional=True,
1592 help='horizontal position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
1593 'plane coordinates (-1 = left edge, +1 = right edge)')
1595 nucleation_y = Float.T(
1596 optional=True,
1597 help='down-dip position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
1598 'plane coordinates (-1 = upper edge, +1 = lower edge)')
1600 velocity = Float.T(
1601 default=3500.,
1602 help='speed of explosion front [m/s]')
1604 aggressive_oversampling = Bool.T(
1605 default=False,
1606 help='Aggressive oversampling for basesource discretization. '
1607 'When using \'multilinear\' interpolation oversampling has'
1608 ' practically no effect.')
1610 def base_key(self):
1611 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
1612 self.width, self.nucleation_x,
1613 self.nucleation_y, self.velocity,
1614 self.anchor)
1616 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1618 if self.nucleation_x is not None:
1619 nucx = self.nucleation_x * 0.5 * self.length
1620 else:
1621 nucx = None
1623 if self.nucleation_y is not None:
1624 nucy = self.nucleation_y * 0.5 * self.width
1625 else:
1626 nucy = None
1628 stf = self.effective_stf_pre()
1630 points, times, amplitudes, dl, dw, nl, nw = discretize_rect_source(
1631 store.config.deltas, store.config.deltat,
1632 self.time, self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth,
1633 self.strike, self.dip, self.length, self.width, self.anchor,
1634 self.velocity, stf=stf, nucleation_x=nucx, nucleation_y=nucy)
1636 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
1637 amplitudes *= self.get_moment(store, target)
1639 return meta.DiscretizedExplosionSource(
1640 lat=self.lat,
1641 lon=self.lon,
1642 times=times,
1643 north_shifts=points[:, 0],
1644 east_shifts=points[:, 1],
1645 depths=points[:, 2],
1646 m0s=amplitudes)
1648 def outline(self, cs='xyz'):
1649 points = outline_rect_source(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
1650 self.width, self.anchor)
1652 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
1653 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
1654 points[:, 2] += self.depth
1655 if cs == 'xyz':
1656 return points
1657 elif cs == 'xy':
1658 return points[:, :2]
1659 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat'):
1660 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
1661 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
1663 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
1664 if cs == 'latlon':
1665 return latlon
1666 else:
1667 return latlon[:, ::-1]
1669 def get_nucleation_abs_coord(self, cs='xy'):
1671 if self.nucleation_x is None:
1672 return None, None
1674 coords = from_plane_coords(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
1675 self.width, self.depth, self.nucleation_x,
1676 self.nucleation_y, lat=self.lat,
1677 lon=self.lon, north_shift=self.north_shift,
1678 east_shift=self.east_shift, cs=cs)
1679 return coords
1682class DCSource(SourceWithMagnitude):
1683 '''
1684 A double-couple point source.
1685 '''
1687 strike = Float.T(
1688 default=0.0,
1689 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
1691 dip = Float.T(
1692 default=90.0,
1693 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
1695 rake = Float.T(
1696 default=0.0,
1697 help='rake angle in [deg], '
1698 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
1699 'in on-plane view')
1701 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
1703 def base_key(self):
1704 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.strike, self.dip, self.rake)
1706 def get_factor(self):
1707 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.magnitude))
1709 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1710 mot = pmt.MomentTensor(
1711 strike=self.strike, dip=self.dip, rake=self.rake)
1713 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1714 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1715 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
1716 m6s=mot.m6()[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[:, num.newaxis],
1717 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1719 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1720 return pmt.MomentTensor(
1721 strike=self.strike,
1722 dip=self.dip,
1723 rake=self.rake,
1724 scalar_moment=self.moment)
1726 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1727 return SourceWithMagnitude.pyrocko_event(
1728 self, store, target,
1729 moment_tensor=self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target),
1730 **kwargs)
1732 @classmethod
1733 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
1734 d = {}
1735 mt = ev.moment_tensor
1736 if mt:
1737 (strike, dip, rake), _ = mt.both_strike_dip_rake()
1738 d.update(
1739 strike=float(strike),
1740 dip=float(dip),
1741 rake=float(rake),
1742 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()))
1744 d.update(kwargs)
1745 return super(DCSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
1748class CLVDSource(SourceWithMagnitude):
1749 '''
1750 A pure CLVD point source.
1751 '''
1753 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
1755 azimuth = Float.T(
1756 default=0.0,
1757 help='azimuth direction of largest dipole, clockwise from north [deg]')
1759 dip = Float.T(
1760 default=90.,
1761 help='dip direction of largest dipole, downward from horizontal [deg]')
1763 def base_key(self):
1764 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.azimuth, self.dip)
1766 def get_factor(self):
1767 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.magnitude))
1769 @property
1770 def m6(self):
1771 a = math.sqrt(4. / 3.) * self.get_factor()
1772 m = pmt.symmat6(-0.5 * a, -0.5 * a, a, 0., 0., 0.)
1773 rotmat1 = pmt.euler_to_matrix(
1774 d2r * (self.dip - 90.),
1775 d2r * (self.azimuth - 90.),
1776 0.)
1777 m = rotmat1.T * m * rotmat1
1778 return pmt.to6(m)
1780 @property
1781 def m6_astuple(self):
1782 return tuple(self.m6.tolist())
1784 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1785 factor = self.get_factor()
1786 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1787 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1788 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
1789 m6s=self.m6[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[:, num.newaxis] / factor,
1790 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1792 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1793 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=pmt.symmat6(*self.m6_astuple))
1795 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1796 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target)
1797 return Source.pyrocko_event(
1798 self, store, target,
1799 moment_tensor=self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target),
1800 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()),
1801 **kwargs)
1804class VLVDSource(SourceWithDerivedMagnitude):
1805 '''
1806 Volumetric linear vector dipole source.
1808 This source is a parameterization for a restricted moment tensor point
1809 source, useful to represent dyke or sill like inflation or deflation
1810 sources. The restriction is such that the moment tensor is rotational
1811 symmetric. It can be represented by a superposition of a linear vector
1812 dipole (here we use a CLVD for convenience) and an isotropic component. The
1813 restricted moment tensor has 4 degrees of freedom: 2 independent
1814 eigenvalues and 2 rotation angles orienting the the symmetry axis.
1816 In this parameterization, the isotropic component is controlled by
1817 ``volume_change``. To define the moment tensor, it must be converted to the
1818 scalar moment of the the MT's isotropic component. For the conversion, the
1819 shear modulus at the source's position must be known. This value is
1820 extracted from the earth model defined in the GF store in use.
1822 The CLVD part by controlled by its scalar moment :math:`M_0`:
1823 ``clvd_moment``. The sign of ``clvd_moment`` is used to switch between a
1824 positiv or negativ CLVD (the sign of the largest eigenvalue).
1825 '''
1827 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
1829 azimuth = Float.T(
1830 default=0.0,
1831 help='azimuth direction of symmetry axis, clockwise from north [deg].')
1833 dip = Float.T(
1834 default=90.,
1835 help='dip direction of symmetry axis, downward from horizontal [deg].')
1837 volume_change = Float.T(
1838 default=0.,
1839 help='volume change of the inflation/deflation [m^3].')
1841 clvd_moment = Float.T(
1842 default=0.,
1843 help='scalar moment :math:`M_0` of the CLVD component [Nm]. The sign '
1844 'controls the sign of the CLVD (the sign of its largest '
1845 'eigenvalue).')
1847 def get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(self, store, target):
1848 if store is None or target is None:
1849 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1850 'Need earth model to convert between volume change and '
1851 'magnitude.')
1853 points = num.array(
1854 [[self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth]], dtype=float)
1856 try:
1857 shear_moduli = store.config.get_shear_moduli(
1858 self.lat, self.lon,
1859 points=points,
1860 interpolation=target.interpolation)[0]
1861 except meta.OutOfBounds:
1862 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1863 'Could not get shear modulus at source position.')
1865 return float(3. * shear_moduli)
1867 def base_key(self):
1868 return Source.base_key(self) + \
1869 (self.azimuth, self.dip, self.volume_change, self.clvd_moment)
1871 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
1872 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target)
1873 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(mt.moment))
1875 def get_m6(self, store, target):
1876 a = math.sqrt(4. / 3.) * self.clvd_moment
1877 m_clvd = pmt.symmat6(-0.5 * a, -0.5 * a, a, 0., 0., 0.)
1879 rotmat1 = pmt.euler_to_matrix(
1880 d2r * (self.dip - 90.),
1881 d2r * (self.azimuth - 90.),
1882 0.)
1883 m_clvd = rotmat1.T * m_clvd * rotmat1
1885 m_iso = self.volume_change * \
1886 self.get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(store, target)
1888 m_iso = pmt.symmat6(m_iso, m_iso, m_iso, 0.,
1889 0., 0.,) * math.sqrt(2. / 3)
1891 m = pmt.to6(m_clvd) + pmt.to6(m_iso)
1892 return m
1894 def get_moment(self, store=None, target=None):
1895 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(
1896 self.get_magnitude(store, target)))
1898 def get_m6_astuple(self, store, target):
1899 m6 = self.get_m6(store, target)
1900 return tuple(m6.tolist())
1902 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1903 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1904 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1906 m6 = self.get_m6(store, target)
1907 m6 *= amplitudes / self.get_factor()
1909 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
1910 m6s=m6[num.newaxis, :],
1911 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1913 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1914 m6_astuple = self.get_m6_astuple(store, target)
1915 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=pmt.symmat6(*m6_astuple))
1918class MTSource(Source):
1919 '''
1920 A moment tensor point source.
1921 '''
1923 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
1925 mnn = Float.T(
1926 default=1.,
1927 help='north-north component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1929 mee = Float.T(
1930 default=1.,
1931 help='east-east component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1933 mdd = Float.T(
1934 default=1.,
1935 help='down-down component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1937 mne = Float.T(
1938 default=0.,
1939 help='north-east component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1941 mnd = Float.T(
1942 default=0.,
1943 help='north-down component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1945 med = Float.T(
1946 default=0.,
1947 help='east-down component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1949 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
1950 if 'm6' in kwargs:
1951 for (k, v) in zip('mnn mee mdd mne mnd med'.split(),
1952 kwargs.pop('m6')):
1953 kwargs[k] = float(v)
1955 Source.__init__(self, **kwargs)
1957 @property
1958 def m6(self):
1959 return num.array(self.m6_astuple)
1961 @property
1962 def m6_astuple(self):
1963 return (self.mnn, self.mee, self.mdd, self.mne, self.mnd, self.med)
1965 @m6.setter
1966 def m6(self, value):
1967 self.mnn, self.mee, self.mdd, self.mne, self.mnd, self.med = value
1969 def base_key(self):
1970 return Source.base_key(self) + self.m6_astuple
1972 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1973 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1974 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1975 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
1976 m6s=self.m6[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[:, num.newaxis],
1977 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1979 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
1980 m6 = self.m6
1981 return pmt.moment_to_magnitude(
1982 math.sqrt(num.sum(m6[0:3]**2) + 2.0 * num.sum(m6[3:6]**2)) /
1983 math.sqrt(2.))
1985 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1986 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=pmt.symmat6(*self.m6_astuple))
1988 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1989 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target)
1990 return Source.pyrocko_event(
1991 self, store, target,
1992 moment_tensor=self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target),
1993 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()),
1994 **kwargs)
1996 @classmethod
1997 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
1998 d = {}
1999 mt = ev.moment_tensor
2000 if mt:
2001 d.update(m6=tuple(map(float, mt.m6())))
2002 else:
2003 if ev.magnitude is not None:
2004 mom = pmt.magnitude_to_moment(ev.magnitude)
2005 v = math.sqrt(2. / 3.) * mom
2006 d.update(m6=(v, v, v, 0., 0., 0.))
2008 d.update(kwargs)
2009 return super(MTSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
2012map_anchor = {
2013 'center': (0.0, 0.0),
2014 'center_left': (-1.0, 0.0),
2015 'center_right': (1.0, 0.0),
2016 'top': (0.0, -1.0),
2017 'top_left': (-1.0, -1.0),
2018 'top_right': (1.0, -1.0),
2019 'bottom': (0.0, 1.0),
2020 'bottom_left': (-1.0, 1.0),
2021 'bottom_right': (1.0, 1.0)}
2024class RectangularSource(SourceWithDerivedMagnitude):
2025 '''
2026 Classical Haskell source model modified for bilateral rupture.
2027 '''
2029 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
2031 magnitude = Float.T(
2032 optional=True,
2033 help='moment magnitude Mw as in [Hanks and Kanamori, 1979]')
2035 strike = Float.T(
2036 default=0.0,
2037 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
2039 dip = Float.T(
2040 default=90.0,
2041 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
2043 rake = Float.T(
2044 default=0.0,
2045 help='rake angle in [deg], '
2046 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
2047 'in on-plane view')
2049 length = Float.T(
2050 default=0.,
2051 help='length of rectangular source area [m]')
2053 width = Float.T(
2054 default=0.,
2055 help='width of rectangular source area [m]')
2057 anchor = StringChoice.T(
2058 choices=['top', 'top_left', 'top_right', 'center', 'bottom',
2059 'bottom_left', 'bottom_right'],
2060 default='center',
2061 optional=True,
2062 help='Anchor point for positioning the plane, can be: ``top, center '
2063 'bottom, top_left, top_right,bottom_left,'
2064 'bottom_right, center_left, center right``.')
2066 nucleation_x = Float.T(
2067 optional=True,
2068 help='horizontal position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
2069 'plane coordinates (``-1.`` = left edge, ``+1.`` = right edge)')
2071 nucleation_y = Float.T(
2072 optional=True,
2073 help='down-dip position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
2074 'plane coordinates (``-1.`` = upper edge, ``+1.`` = lower edge)')
2076 velocity = Float.T(
2077 default=3500.,
2078 help='speed of rupture front [m/s]')
2080 slip = Float.T(
2081 optional=True,
2082 help='Slip on the rectangular source area [m]')
2084 opening_fraction = Float.T(
2085 default=0.,
2086 help='Determines fraction of slip related to opening. '
2087 '(``-1``: pure tensile closing, '
2088 '``0``: pure shear, '
2089 '``1``: pure tensile opening)')
2091 decimation_factor = Int.T(
2092 optional=True,
2093 default=1,
2094 help='Sub-source decimation factor, a larger decimation will'
2095 ' make the result inaccurate but shorten the necessary'
2096 ' computation time (use for testing puposes only).')
2098 aggressive_oversampling = Bool.T(
2099 default=False,
2100 help='Aggressive oversampling for basesource discretization. '
2101 'When using \'multilinear\' interpolation oversampling has'
2102 ' practically no effect.')
2104 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
2105 if 'moment' in kwargs:
2106 mom = kwargs.pop('moment')
2107 if 'magnitude' not in kwargs:
2108 kwargs['magnitude'] = float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(mom))
2110 SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.__init__(self, **kwargs)
2112 def base_key(self):
2113 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.base_key(self) + (
2114 self.magnitude,
2115 self.slip,
2116 self.strike,
2117 self.dip,
2118 self.rake,
2119 self.length,
2120 self.width,
2121 self.nucleation_x,
2122 self.nucleation_y,
2123 self.velocity,
2124 self.decimation_factor,
2125 self.anchor)
2127 def check_conflicts(self):
2128 if self.magnitude is not None and self.slip is not None:
2129 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
2130 'Magnitude and slip are both defined.')
2132 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
2133 self.check_conflicts()
2134 if self.magnitude is not None:
2135 return self.magnitude
2137 elif self.slip is not None:
2138 if None in (store, target):
2139 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
2140 'Magnitude for a rectangular source with slip defined '
2141 'can only be derived when earth model and target '
2142 'interpolation method are available.')
2144 amplitudes = self._discretize(store, target)[2]
2145 if amplitudes.ndim == 2:
2146 # CLVD component has no net moment, leave out
2147 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(
2148 num.sum(num.abs(amplitudes[0:2, :]).sum())))
2149 else:
2150 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(num.sum(amplitudes)))
2152 else:
2153 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(1.0))
2155 def get_factor(self):
2156 return 1.0
2158 def get_slip_tensile(self):
2159 return self.slip * self.opening_fraction
2161 def get_slip_shear(self):
2162 return self.slip - abs(self.get_slip_tensile)
2164 def _discretize(self, store, target):
2165 if self.nucleation_x is not None:
2166 nucx = self.nucleation_x * 0.5 * self.length
2167 else:
2168 nucx = None
2170 if self.nucleation_y is not None:
2171 nucy = self.nucleation_y * 0.5 * self.width
2172 else:
2173 nucy = None
2175 stf = self.effective_stf_pre()
2177 points, times, amplitudes, dl, dw, nl, nw = discretize_rect_source(
2178 store.config.deltas, store.config.deltat,
2179 self.time, self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth,
2180 self.strike, self.dip, self.length, self.width, self.anchor,
2181 self.velocity, stf=stf, nucleation_x=nucx, nucleation_y=nucy,
2182 decimation_factor=self.decimation_factor,
2183 aggressive_oversampling=self.aggressive_oversampling)
2185 if self.slip is not None:
2186 if target is not None:
2187 interpolation = target.interpolation
2188 else:
2189 interpolation = 'nearest_neighbor'
2190 logger.warn(
2191 'no target information available, will use '
2192 '"nearest_neighbor" interpolation when extracting shear '
2193 'modulus from earth model')
2195 shear_moduli = store.config.get_shear_moduli(
2196 self.lat, self.lon,
2197 points=points,
2198 interpolation=interpolation)
2200 tensile_slip = self.get_slip_tensile()
2201 shear_slip = self.slip - abs(tensile_slip)
2203 amplitudes_total = [shear_moduli * shear_slip]
2204 if tensile_slip != 0:
2205 bulk_moduli = store.config.get_bulk_moduli(
2206 self.lat, self.lon,
2207 points=points,
2208 interpolation=interpolation)
2210 tensile_iso = bulk_moduli * tensile_slip
2211 tensile_clvd = (2. / 3.) * shear_moduli * tensile_slip
2213 amplitudes_total.extend([tensile_iso, tensile_clvd])
2215 amplitudes_total = num.vstack(amplitudes_total).squeeze() * \
2216 amplitudes * dl * dw
2218 else:
2219 # normalization to retain total moment
2220 amplitudes_norm = amplitudes / num.sum(amplitudes)
2221 moment = self.get_moment(store, target)
2223 amplitudes_total = [
2224 amplitudes_norm * moment * (1 - abs(self.opening_fraction))]
2225 if self.opening_fraction != 0.:
2226 amplitudes_total.append(
2227 amplitudes_norm * self.opening_fraction * moment)
2229 amplitudes_total = num.vstack(amplitudes_total).squeeze()
2231 return points, times, num.atleast_1d(amplitudes_total), dl, dw, nl, nw
2233 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
2235 points, times, amplitudes, dl, dw, nl, nw = self._discretize(
2236 store, target)
2238 mot = pmt.MomentTensor(
2239 strike=self.strike, dip=self.dip, rake=self.rake)
2240 m6s = num.repeat(mot.m6()[num.newaxis, :], times.size, axis=0)
2242 if amplitudes.ndim == 1:
2243 m6s[:, :] *= amplitudes[:, num.newaxis]
2244 elif amplitudes.ndim == 2:
2245 # shear MT components
2246 rotmat1 = pmt.euler_to_matrix(
2247 d2r * self.dip, d2r * self.strike, d2r * -self.rake)
2248 m6s[:, :] *= amplitudes[0, :][:, num.newaxis]
2250 if amplitudes.shape[0] == 2:
2251 # tensile MT components - moment/magnitude input
2252 tensile = pmt.symmat6(1., 1., 3., 0., 0., 0.)
2253 rot_tensile = pmt.to6(rotmat1.T * tensile * rotmat1)
2255 m6s_tensile = rot_tensile[
2256 num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[1, :][:, num.newaxis]
2257 m6s += m6s_tensile
2259 elif amplitudes.shape[0] == 3:
2260 # tensile MT components - slip input
2261 iso = pmt.symmat6(1., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0.)
2262 clvd = pmt.symmat6(-1., -1., 2., 0., 0., 0.)
2264 rot_iso = pmt.to6(rotmat1.T * iso * rotmat1)
2265 rot_clvd = pmt.to6(rotmat1.T * clvd * rotmat1)
2267 m6s_iso = rot_iso[
2268 num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[1, :][:, num.newaxis]
2269 m6s_clvd = rot_clvd[
2270 num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[2, :][:, num.newaxis]
2271 m6s += m6s_iso + m6s_clvd
2272 else:
2273 raise ValueError('Unknwown amplitudes shape!')
2274 else:
2275 raise ValueError(
2276 'Unexpected dimension of {}'.format(amplitudes.ndim))
2278 ds = meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
2279 lat=self.lat,
2280 lon=self.lon,
2281 times=times,
2282 north_shifts=points[:, 0],
2283 east_shifts=points[:, 1],
2284 depths=points[:, 2],
2285 m6s=m6s,
2286 dl=dl,
2287 dw=dw,
2288 nl=nl,
2289 nw=nw)
2291 return ds
2293 def outline(self, cs='xyz'):
2294 points = outline_rect_source(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
2295 self.width, self.anchor)
2297 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
2298 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
2299 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2300 if cs == 'xyz':
2301 return points
2302 elif cs == 'xy':
2303 return points[:, :2]
2304 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat', 'latlondepth'):
2305 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
2306 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
2308 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
2309 if cs == 'latlon':
2310 return latlon
2311 elif cs == 'lonlat':
2312 return latlon[:, ::-1]
2313 else:
2314 return num.concatenate(
2315 (latlon, points[:, 2].reshape((len(points), 1))),
2316 axis=1)
2318 def points_on_source(self, cs='xyz', **kwargs):
2320 points = points_on_rect_source(
2321 self.strike, self.dip, self.length, self.width,
2322 self.anchor, **kwargs)
2324 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
2325 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
2326 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2327 if cs == 'xyz':
2328 return points
2329 elif cs == 'xy':
2330 return points[:, :2]
2331 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat', 'latlondepth'):
2332 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
2333 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
2335 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
2336 if cs == 'latlon':
2337 return latlon
2338 elif cs == 'lonlat':
2339 return latlon[:, ::-1]
2340 else:
2341 return num.concatenate(
2342 (latlon, points[:, 2].reshape((len(points), 1))),
2343 axis=1)
2345 def get_nucleation_abs_coord(self, cs='xy'):
2347 if self.nucleation_x is None:
2348 return None, None
2350 coords = from_plane_coords(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
2351 self.width, self.depth, self.nucleation_x,
2352 self.nucleation_y, lat=self.lat,
2353 lon=self.lon, north_shift=self.north_shift,
2354 east_shift=self.east_shift, cs=cs)
2355 return coords
2357 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
2358 return pmt.MomentTensor(
2359 strike=self.strike,
2360 dip=self.dip,
2361 rake=self.rake,
2362 scalar_moment=self.get_moment(store, target))
2364 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
2365 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.pyrocko_event(
2366 self, store, target,
2367 **kwargs)
2369 @classmethod
2370 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
2371 d = {}
2372 mt = ev.moment_tensor
2373 if mt:
2374 (strike, dip, rake), _ = mt.both_strike_dip_rake()
2375 d.update(
2376 strike=float(strike),
2377 dip=float(dip),
2378 rake=float(rake),
2379 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()))
2381 d.update(kwargs)
2382 return super(RectangularSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
2385class PseudoDynamicRupture(SourceWithDerivedMagnitude):
2386 '''
2387 Combined Eikonal and Okada quasi-dynamic rupture model.
2389 Details are described in :doc:`/topics/pseudo-dynamic-rupture`.
2390 Note: attribute `stf` is not used so far, but kept for future applications.
2391 '''
2393 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
2395 strike = Float.T(
2396 default=0.0,
2397 help='Strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north.')
2399 dip = Float.T(
2400 default=0.0,
2401 help='Dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal.')
2403 length = Float.T(
2404 default=10. * km,
2405 help='Length of rectangular source area in [m].')
2407 width = Float.T(
2408 default=5. * km,
2409 help='Width of rectangular source area in [m].')
2411 anchor = StringChoice.T(
2412 choices=['top', 'top_left', 'top_right', 'center', 'bottom',
2413 'bottom_left', 'bottom_right'],
2414 default='center',
2415 optional=True,
2416 help='Anchor point for positioning the plane, can be: ``top, center, '
2417 'bottom, top_left, top_right, bottom_left, '
2418 'bottom_right, center_left, center_right``.')
2420 nucleation_x__ = Array.T(
2421 default=num.array([0.]),
2422 dtype=num.float,
2423 serialize_as='list',
2424 help='Horizontal position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
2425 'plane coordinates (``-1.`` = left edge, ``+1.`` = right edge).')
2427 nucleation_y__ = Array.T(
2428 default=num.array([0.]),
2429 dtype=num.float,
2430 serialize_as='list',
2431 help='Down-dip position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
2432 'plane coordinates (``-1.`` = upper edge, ``+1.`` = lower edge).')
2434 nucleation_time__ = Array.T(
2435 optional=True,
2436 help='Time in [s] after origin, when nucleation points defined by '
2437 '``nucleation_x`` and ``nucleation_y`` rupture.',
2438 dtype=num.float,
2439 serialize_as='list')
2441 gamma = Float.T(
2442 default=0.8,
2443 help='Scaling factor between rupture velocity and S-wave velocity: '
2444 r':math:`v_r = \gamma * v_s`.')
2446 nx = Int.T(
2447 default=2,
2448 help='Number of discrete source patches in x direction (along '
2449 'strike).')
2451 ny = Int.T(
2452 default=2,
2453 help='Number of discrete source patches in y direction (down dip).')
2455 slip = Float.T(
2456 optional=True,
2457 help='Maximum slip of the rectangular source [m]. '
2458 'Setting the slip the tractions/stress field '
2459 'will be normalized to accomodate the desired maximum slip.')
2461 rake = Float.T(
2462 optional=True,
2463 help='Rake angle in [deg], '
2464 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
2465 'in on-plane view. Rake is translated into homogenous tractions '
2466 'in strike and up-dip direction. ``rake`` is mutually exclusive '
2467 'with tractions parameter.')
2469 patches = List.T(
2470 OkadaSource.T(),
2471 optional=True,
2472 help='List of all boundary elements/sub faults/fault patches.')
2474 patch_mask__ = Array.T(
2475 dtype=num.bool,
2476 serialize_as='list',
2477 shape=(None,),
2478 optional=True,
2479 help='Mask for all boundary elements/sub faults/fault patches. True '
2480 'leaves the patch in the calculation, False excludes the patch.')
2482 tractions = TractionField.T(
2483 optional=True,
2484 help='Traction field the rupture plane is exposed to. See the'
2485 ':py:mod:`pyrocko.gf.tractions` module for more details. '
2486 'If ``tractions=None`` and ``rake`` is given'
2487 ' :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.tractions.DirectedTractions` will'
2488 ' be used.')
2490 coef_mat = Array.T(
2491 optional=True,
2492 help='Coefficient matrix linking traction and dislocation field.',
2493 dtype=num.float,
2494 shape=(None, None))
2496 eikonal_decimation = Int.T(
2497 optional=True,
2498 default=1,
2499 help='Sub-source eikonal factor, a smaller eikonal factor will'
2500 ' increase the accuracy of rupture front calculation but'
2501 ' increases also the computation time.')
2503 decimation_factor = Int.T(
2504 optional=True,
2505 default=1,
2506 help='Sub-source decimation factor, a larger decimation will'
2507 ' make the result inaccurate but shorten the necessary'
2508 ' computation time (use for testing puposes only).')
2510 nthreads = Int.T(
2511 optional=True,
2512 default=1,
2513 help='Number of threads for Okada forward modelling, '
2514 'matrix inversion and calculation of point subsources. '
2515 'Note: for small/medium matrices 1 thread is most efficient.')
2517 pure_shear = Bool.T(
2518 optional=True,
2519 default=False,
2520 help='Calculate only shear tractions and omit tensile tractions.')
2522 smooth_rupture = Bool.T(
2523 default=True,
2524 help='Smooth the tractions by weighting partially ruptured'
2525 ' fault patches.')
2527 aggressive_oversampling = Bool.T(
2528 default=False,
2529 help='Aggressive oversampling for basesource discretization. '
2530 'When using \'multilinear\' interpolation oversampling has'
2531 ' practically no effect.')
2533 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
2534 SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.__init__(self, **kwargs)
2535 self._interpolators = {}
2536 self.check_conflicts()
2538 @property
2539 def nucleation_x(self):
2540 return self.nucleation_x__
2542 @nucleation_x.setter
2543 def nucleation_x(self, nucleation_x):
2544 if isinstance(nucleation_x, list):
2545 nucleation_x = num.array(nucleation_x)
2547 elif not isinstance(
2548 nucleation_x, num.ndarray) and nucleation_x is not None:
2550 nucleation_x = num.array([nucleation_x])
2551 self.nucleation_x__ = nucleation_x
2553 @property
2554 def nucleation_y(self):
2555 return self.nucleation_y__
2557 @nucleation_y.setter
2558 def nucleation_y(self, nucleation_y):
2559 if isinstance(nucleation_y, list):
2560 nucleation_y = num.array(nucleation_y)
2562 elif not isinstance(nucleation_y, num.ndarray) \
2563 and nucleation_y is not None:
2564 nucleation_y = num.array([nucleation_y])
2566 self.nucleation_y__ = nucleation_y
2568 @property
2569 def nucleation(self):
2570 nucl_x, nucl_y = self.nucleation_x, self.nucleation_y
2572 if (nucl_x is None) or (nucl_y is None):
2573 return None
2575 assert nucl_x.shape[0] == nucl_y.shape[0]
2577 return num.concatenate(
2578 (nucl_x[:, num.newaxis], nucl_y[:, num.newaxis]), axis=1)
2580 @nucleation.setter
2581 def nucleation(self, nucleation):
2582 if isinstance(nucleation, list):
2583 nucleation = num.array(nucleation)
2585 assert nucleation.shape[1] == 2
2587 self.nucleation_x = nucleation[:, 0]
2588 self.nucleation_y = nucleation[:, 1]
2590 @property
2591 def nucleation_time(self):
2592 return self.nucleation_time__
2594 @nucleation_time.setter
2595 def nucleation_time(self, nucleation_time):
2596 if not isinstance(nucleation_time, num.ndarray) \
2597 and nucleation_time is not None:
2598 nucleation_time = num.array([nucleation_time])
2600 self.nucleation_time__ = nucleation_time
2602 @property
2603 def patch_mask(self):
2604 if (self.patch_mask__ is not None and
2605 self.patch_mask__.shape == (self.nx * self.ny,)):
2607 return self.patch_mask__
2608 else:
2609 return num.ones(self.nx * self.ny, dtype=bool)
2611 @patch_mask.setter
2612 def patch_mask(self, patch_mask):
2613 if isinstance(patch_mask, list):
2614 patch_mask = num.array(patch_mask)
2616 self.patch_mask__ = patch_mask
2618 def get_tractions(self):
2619 '''
2620 Get source traction vectors.
2622 If :py:attr:`rake` is given, unit length directed traction vectors
2623 (:py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.tractions.DirectedTractions`) are returned,
2624 else the given :py:attr:`tractions` are used.
2626 :returns:
2627 Traction vectors per patch.
2628 :rtype:
2629 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_patches, 3)``.
2630 '''
2632 if self.rake is not None:
2633 if num.isnan(self.rake):
2634 raise ValueError('Rake must be a real number, not NaN.')
2636 logger.warning(
2637 'Tractions are derived based on the given source rake.')
2638 tractions = DirectedTractions(rake=self.rake)
2639 else:
2640 tractions = self.tractions
2641 return tractions.get_tractions(self.nx, self.ny, self.patches)
2643 def base_key(self):
2644 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.base_key(self) + (
2645 self.slip,
2646 self.strike,
2647 self.dip,
2648 self.rake,
2649 self.length,
2650 self.width,
2651 float(self.nucleation_x.mean()),
2652 float(self.nucleation_y.mean()),
2653 self.decimation_factor,
2654 self.anchor,
2655 self.pure_shear,
2656 self.gamma,
2657 tuple(self.patch_mask))
2659 def check_conflicts(self):
2660 if self.tractions and self.rake:
2661 raise AttributeError(
2662 'Tractions and rake are mutually exclusive.')
2663 if self.tractions is None and self.rake is None:
2664 self.rake = 0.
2666 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
2667 self.check_conflicts()
2668 if self.slip is not None or self.tractions is not None:
2669 if store is None:
2670 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
2671 'Magnitude for a rectangular source with slip or '
2672 'tractions defined can only be derived when earth model '
2673 'is set.')
2675 moment_rate, calc_times = self.discretize_basesource(
2676 store, target=target).get_moment_rate(store.config.deltat)
2678 deltat = num.concatenate((
2679 (num.diff(calc_times)[0],),
2680 num.diff(calc_times)))
2682 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(
2683 num.sum(moment_rate * deltat)))
2685 else:
2686 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(1.0))
2688 def get_factor(self):
2689 return 1.0
2691 def outline(self, cs='xyz'):
2692 '''
2693 Get source outline corner coordinates.
2695 :param cs:
2696 :ref:`Output coordinate system <coordinate-system-names>`.
2697 :type cs:
2698 optional, str
2700 :returns:
2701 Corner points in desired coordinate system.
2702 :rtype:
2703 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(5, [2, 3])``.
2704 '''
2705 points = outline_rect_source(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
2706 self.width, self.anchor)
2708 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
2709 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
2710 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2711 if cs == 'xyz':
2712 return points
2713 elif cs == 'xy':
2714 return points[:, :2]
2715 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat', 'latlondepth'):
2716 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
2717 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
2719 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
2720 if cs == 'latlon':
2721 return latlon
2722 elif cs == 'lonlat':
2723 return latlon[:, ::-1]
2724 else:
2725 return num.concatenate(
2726 (latlon, points[:, 2].reshape((len(points), 1))),
2727 axis=1)
2729 def points_on_source(self, cs='xyz', **kwargs):
2730 '''
2731 Convert relative plane coordinates to geographical coordinates.
2733 Given x and y coordinates (relative source coordinates between -1.
2734 and 1.) are converted to desired geographical coordinates. Coordinates
2735 need to be given as :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray` arguments ``points_x``
2736 and ``points_y``.
2738 :param cs:
2739 :ref:`Output coordinate system <coordinate-system-names>`.
2740 :type cs:
2741 optional, str
2743 :returns:
2744 Point coordinates in desired coordinate system.
2745 :rtype:
2746 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, [2, 3])``.
2747 '''
2748 points = points_on_rect_source(
2749 self.strike, self.dip, self.length, self.width,
2750 self.anchor, **kwargs)
2752 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
2753 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
2754 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2755 if cs == 'xyz':
2756 return points
2757 elif cs == 'xy':
2758 return points[:, :2]
2759 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat', 'latlondepth'):
2760 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
2761 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
2763 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
2764 if cs == 'latlon':
2765 return latlon
2766 elif cs == 'lonlat':
2767 return latlon[:, ::-1]
2768 else:
2769 return num.concatenate(
2770 (latlon, points[:, 2].reshape((len(points), 1))),
2771 axis=1)
2773 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
2774 if store is not None:
2775 if not self.patches:
2776 self.discretize_patches(store)
2778 slip = self.get_slip()
2779 rakes = num.arctan2(slip[:, 1], slip[:, 0]) * r2d
2780 rake = rakes.mean()
2782 else:
2783 tractions = self.get_tractions()
2784 tractions = tractions.mean(axis=0)
2785 rake = num.arctan2(tractions[1], tractions[0]) * r2d
2787 return pmt.MomentTensor(
2788 strike=self.strike,
2789 dip=self.dip,
2790 rake=rake,
2791 scalar_moment=self.get_moment(store, target))
2793 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
2794 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.pyrocko_event(
2795 self, store, target,
2796 **kwargs)
2798 @classmethod
2799 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
2800 d = {}
2801 mt = ev.moment_tensor
2802 if mt:
2803 (strike, dip, rake), _ = mt.both_strike_dip_rake()
2804 d.update(
2805 strike=float(strike),
2806 dip=float(dip),
2807 rake=float(rake))
2809 d.update(kwargs)
2810 return super(PseudoDynamicRupture, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
2812 def _discretize_points(self, store, *args, **kwargs):
2813 '''
2814 Discretize source plane with equal vertical and horizontal spacing.
2816 Additional ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are passed to
2817 :py:meth:`points_on_source`.
2819 :param store:
2820 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
2821 source).
2822 :type store:
2823 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
2825 :returns:
2826 Number of points in strike and dip direction, distance
2827 between adjacent points, coordinates (latlondepth) and coordinates
2828 (xy on fault) for discrete points.
2829 :rtype:
2830 (int, int, float, :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`,
2831 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`).
2832 '''
2833 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[self.anchor]
2835 npoints = int(self.width // km) + 1
2836 points = num.zeros((npoints, 3))
2837 points[:, 1] = num.linspace(-1., 1., npoints)
2838 points[:, 1] = (points[:, 1] - anch_y) * self.width/2
2840 rotmat = num.asarray(
2841 pmt.euler_to_matrix(self.dip*d2r, self.strike*d2r, 0.0))
2842 points = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
2843 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2845 vs_min = store.config.get_vs(
2846 self.lat, self.lon, points,
2847 interpolation='nearest_neighbor')
2848 vr_min = max(vs_min.min(), .5*km) * self.gamma
2850 oversampling = 10.
2851 delta_l = self.length / (self.nx * oversampling)
2852 delta_w = self.width / (self.ny * oversampling)
2854 delta = self.eikonal_decimation * num.min([
2855 store.config.deltat * vr_min / oversampling,
2856 delta_l, delta_w] + [
2857 deltas for deltas in store.config.deltas])
2859 delta = delta_w / num.ceil(delta_w / delta)
2861 nx = int(num.ceil(self.length / delta)) + 1
2862 ny = int(num.ceil(self.width / delta)) + 1
2864 rem_l = (nx-1)*delta - self.length
2865 lim_x = rem_l / self.length
2867 points_xy = num.zeros((nx * ny, 2))
2868 points_xy[:, 0] = num.repeat(
2869 num.linspace(-1.-lim_x, 1.+lim_x, nx), ny)
2870 points_xy[:, 1] = num.tile(
2871 num.linspace(-1., 1., ny), nx)
2873 points = self.points_on_source(
2874 points_x=points_xy[:, 0],
2875 points_y=points_xy[:, 1],
2876 **kwargs)
2878 return nx, ny, delta, points, points_xy
2880 def _discretize_rupture_v(self, store, interpolation='nearest_neighbor',
2881 points=None):
2882 '''
2883 Get rupture velocity for discrete points on source plane.
2885 :param store:
2886 Green's function database (needs to cover the whole region of the
2887 source)
2888 :type store:
2889 optional, :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
2891 :param interpolation:
2892 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
2893 and ``'multilinear'``).
2894 :type interpolation:
2895 optional, str
2897 :param points:
2898 Coordinates on fault (-1.:1.) of discrete points.
2899 :type points:
2900 optional, :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, 2)``
2902 :returns:
2903 Rupture velocity assumed as :math:`v_s * \\gamma` for discrete
2904 points.
2905 :rtype:
2906 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, )``.
2907 '''
2909 if points is None:
2910 _, _, _, points, _ = self._discretize_points(store, cs='xyz')
2912 return store.config.get_vs(
2913 self.lat, self.lon,
2914 points=points,
2915 interpolation=interpolation) * self.gamma
2917 def discretize_time(
2918 self, store, interpolation='nearest_neighbor',
2919 vr=None, times=None, *args, **kwargs):
2920 '''
2921 Get rupture start time for discrete points on source plane.
2923 :param store:
2924 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
2925 source)
2926 :type store:
2927 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
2929 :param interpolation:
2930 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
2931 and ``'multilinear'``).
2932 :type interpolation:
2933 optional, str
2935 :param vr:
2936 Array, containing rupture user defined rupture velocity values.
2937 :type vr:
2938 optional, :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`
2940 :param times:
2941 Array, containing zeros, where rupture is starting, real positive
2942 numbers at later secondary nucleation points and -1, where time
2943 will be calculated. If not given, rupture starts at nucleation_x,
2944 nucleation_y. Times are given for discrete points with equal
2945 horizontal and vertical spacing.
2946 :type times:
2947 optional, :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`
2949 :returns:
2950 Coordinates (latlondepth), coordinates (xy), rupture velocity,
2951 rupture propagation time of discrete points.
2952 :rtype:
2953 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, 3)``,
2954 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, 2)``,
2955 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points_dip, n_points_strike)``,
2956 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points_dip, n_points_strike)``.
2957 '''
2958 nx, ny, delta, points, points_xy = self._discretize_points(
2959 store, cs='xyz')
2961 if vr is None or vr.shape != tuple((nx, ny)):
2962 if vr:
2963 logger.warning(
2964 'Given rupture velocities are not in right shape: '
2965 '(%i, %i), but needed is (%i, %i).', *vr.shape + (nx, ny))
2966 vr = self._discretize_rupture_v(store, interpolation, points)\
2967 .reshape(nx, ny)
2969 if vr.shape != tuple((nx, ny)):
2970 logger.warning(
2971 'Given rupture velocities are not in right shape. Therefore'
2972 ' standard rupture velocity array is used.')
2974 def initialize_times():
2975 nucl_x, nucl_y = self.nucleation_x, self.nucleation_y
2977 if nucl_x.shape != nucl_y.shape:
2978 raise ValueError(
2979 'Nucleation coordinates have different shape.')
2981 dist_points = num.array([
2982 num.linalg.norm(points_xy - num.array([x, y]).ravel(), axis=1)
2983 for x, y in zip(nucl_x, nucl_y)])
2984 nucl_indices = num.argmin(dist_points, axis=1)
2986 if self.nucleation_time is None:
2987 nucl_times = num.zeros_like(nucl_indices)
2988 else:
2989 if self.nucleation_time.shape == nucl_x.shape:
2990 nucl_times = self.nucleation_time
2991 else:
2992 raise ValueError(
2993 'Nucleation coordinates and times have different '
2994 'shapes')
2996 t = num.full(nx * ny, -1.)
2997 t[nucl_indices] = nucl_times
2998 return t.reshape(nx, ny)
3000 if times is None:
3001 times = initialize_times()
3002 elif times.shape != tuple((nx, ny)):
3003 times = initialize_times()
3004 logger.warning(
3005 'Given times are not in right shape. Therefore standard time'
3006 ' array is used.')
3008 eikonal_ext.eikonal_solver_fmm_cartesian(
3009 speeds=vr, times=times, delta=delta)
3011 return points, points_xy, vr, times
3013 def get_vr_time_interpolators(
3014 self, store, interpolation='nearest_neighbor', force=False,
3015 **kwargs):
3016 '''
3017 Get interpolators for rupture velocity and rupture time.
3019 Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to :py:meth:`discretize_time`.
3021 :param store:
3022 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
3023 source).
3024 :type store:
3025 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3027 :param interpolation:
3028 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
3029 and ``'multilinear'``).
3030 :type interpolation:
3031 optional, str
3033 :param force:
3034 Force recalculation of the interpolators (e.g. after change of
3035 nucleation point locations/times). Default is ``False``.
3036 :type force:
3037 optional, bool
3038 '''
3039 interp_map = {'multilinear': 'linear', 'nearest_neighbor': 'nearest'}
3040 if interpolation not in interp_map:
3041 raise TypeError(
3042 'Interpolation method %s not available' % interpolation)
3044 if not self._interpolators.get(interpolation, False) or force:
3045 _, points_xy, vr, times = self.discretize_time(
3046 store, **kwargs)
3048 if self.length <= 0.:
3049 raise ValueError(
3050 'length must be larger then 0. not %g' % self.length)
3052 if self.width <= 0.:
3053 raise ValueError(
3054 'width must be larger then 0. not %g' % self.width)
3056 nx, ny = times.shape
3057 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[self.anchor]
3059 points_xy[:, 0] = (points_xy[:, 0] - anch_x) * self.length / 2.
3060 points_xy[:, 1] = (points_xy[:, 1] - anch_y) * self.width / 2.
3062 self._interpolators[interpolation] = (
3063 nx, ny, times, vr,
3064 RegularGridInterpolator(
3065 (points_xy[::ny, 0], points_xy[:ny, 1]), times,
3066 method=interp_map[interpolation]),
3067 RegularGridInterpolator(
3068 (points_xy[::ny, 0], points_xy[:ny, 1]), vr,
3069 method=interp_map[interpolation]))
3070 return self._interpolators[interpolation]
3072 def discretize_patches(
3073 self, store, interpolation='nearest_neighbor', force=False,
3074 grid_shape=(),
3075 **kwargs):
3076 '''
3077 Get rupture start time and OkadaSource elements for points on rupture.
3079 All source elements and their corresponding center points are
3080 calculated and stored in the :py:attr:`patches` attribute.
3082 Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to :py:meth:`discretize_time`.
3084 :param store:
3085 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
3086 source).
3087 :type store:
3088 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3090 :param interpolation:
3091 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
3092 and ``'multilinear'``).
3093 :type interpolation:
3094 optional, str
3096 :param force:
3097 Force recalculation of the vr and time interpolators ( e.g. after
3098 change of nucleation point locations/times). Default is ``False``.
3099 :type force:
3100 optional, bool
3102 :param grid_shape:
3103 Desired sub fault patch grid size (nlength, nwidth). Either factor
3104 or grid_shape should be set.
3105 :type grid_shape:
3106 optional, tuple of int
3107 '''
3108 nx, ny, times, vr, time_interpolator, vr_interpolator = \
3109 self.get_vr_time_interpolators(
3110 store,
3111 interpolation=interpolation, force=force, **kwargs)
3112 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[self.anchor]
3114 al = self.length / 2.
3115 aw = self.width / 2.
3116 al1 = -(al + anch_x * al)
3117 al2 = al - anch_x * al
3118 aw1 = -aw + anch_y * aw
3119 aw2 = aw + anch_y * aw
3120 assert num.abs([al1, al2]).sum() == self.length
3121 assert num.abs([aw1, aw2]).sum() == self.width
3123 def get_lame(*a, **kw):
3124 shear_mod = store.config.get_shear_moduli(*a, **kw)
3125 lamb = store.config.get_vp(*a, **kw)**2 \
3126 * store.config.get_rho(*a, **kw) - 2. * shear_mod
3127 return shear_mod, lamb / (2. * (lamb + shear_mod))
3129 shear_mod, poisson = get_lame(
3130 self.lat, self.lon,
3131 num.array([[self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth]]),
3132 interpolation=interpolation)
3134 okada_src = OkadaSource(
3135 lat=self.lat, lon=self.lon,
3136 strike=self.strike, dip=self.dip,
3137 north_shift=self.north_shift, east_shift=self.east_shift,
3138 depth=self.depth,
3139 al1=al1, al2=al2, aw1=aw1, aw2=aw2,
3140 poisson=poisson.mean(),
3141 shearmod=shear_mod.mean(),
3142 opening=kwargs.get('opening', 0.))
3144 if not (self.nx and self.ny):
3145 if grid_shape:
3146 self.nx, self.ny = grid_shape
3147 else:
3148 self.nx = nx
3149 self.ny = ny
3151 source_disc, source_points = okada_src.discretize(self.nx, self.ny)
3153 shear_mod, poisson = get_lame(
3154 self.lat, self.lon,
3155 num.array([src.source_patch()[:3] for src in source_disc]),
3156 interpolation=interpolation)
3158 if (self.nx, self.ny) != (nx, ny):
3159 times_interp = time_interpolator(source_points[:, :2])
3160 vr_interp = vr_interpolator(source_points[:, :2])
3161 else:
3162 times_interp = times.T.ravel()
3163 vr_interp = vr.T.ravel()
3165 for isrc, src in enumerate(source_disc):
3166 src.vr = vr_interp[isrc]
3167 src.time = times_interp[isrc] + self.time
3169 self.patches = source_disc
3171 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
3172 '''
3173 Prepare source for synthetic waveform calculation.
3175 :param store:
3176 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
3177 source).
3178 :type store:
3179 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3181 :param target:
3182 Target information.
3183 :type target:
3184 optional, :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.targets.Target`
3186 :returns:
3187 Source discretized by a set of moment tensors and times.
3188 :rtype:
3189 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.meta.DiscretizedMTSource`
3190 '''
3191 if not target:
3192 interpolation = 'nearest_neighbor'
3193 else:
3194 interpolation = target.interpolation
3196 if not self.patches:
3197 self.discretize_patches(store, interpolation)
3199 if self.coef_mat is None:
3200 self.calc_coef_mat()
3202 delta_slip, slip_times = self.get_delta_slip(store)
3203 npatches = self.nx * self.ny
3204 ntimes = slip_times.size
3206 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[self.anchor]
3208 pln = self.length / self.nx
3209 pwd = self.width / self.ny
3211 patch_coords = num.array([
3212 (p.ix, p.iy)
3213 for p in self.patches]).reshape(self.nx, self.ny, 2)
3215 # boundary condition is zero-slip
3216 # is not valid to avoid unwished interpolation effects
3217 slip_grid = num.zeros((self.nx + 2, self.ny + 2, ntimes, 3))
3218 slip_grid[1:-1, 1:-1, :, :] = \
3219 delta_slip.reshape(self.nx, self.ny, ntimes, 3)
3221 slip_grid[0, 0, :, :] = slip_grid[1, 1, :, :]
3222 slip_grid[0, -1, :, :] = slip_grid[1, -2, :, :]
3223 slip_grid[-1, 0, :, :] = slip_grid[-2, 1, :, :]
3224 slip_grid[-1, -1, :, :] = slip_grid[-2, -2, :, :]
3226 slip_grid[1:-1, 0, :, :] = slip_grid[1:-1, 1, :, :]
3227 slip_grid[1:-1, -1, :, :] = slip_grid[1:-1, -2, :, :]
3228 slip_grid[0, 1:-1, :, :] = slip_grid[1, 1:-1, :, :]
3229 slip_grid[-1, 1:-1, :, :] = slip_grid[-2, 1:-1, :, :]
3231 def make_grid(patch_parameter):
3232 grid = num.zeros((self.nx + 2, self.ny + 2))
3233 grid[1:-1, 1:-1] = patch_parameter.reshape(self.nx, self.ny)
3235 grid[0, 0] = grid[1, 1]
3236 grid[0, -1] = grid[1, -2]
3237 grid[-1, 0] = grid[-2, 1]
3238 grid[-1, -1] = grid[-2, -2]
3240 grid[1:-1, 0] = grid[1:-1, 1]
3241 grid[1:-1, -1] = grid[1:-1, -2]
3242 grid[0, 1:-1] = grid[1, 1:-1]
3243 grid[-1, 1:-1] = grid[-2, 1:-1]
3245 return grid
3247 lamb = self.get_patch_attribute('lamb')
3248 mu = self.get_patch_attribute('shearmod')
3250 lamb_grid = make_grid(lamb)
3251 mu_grid = make_grid(mu)
3253 coords_x = num.zeros(self.nx + 2)
3254 coords_x[1:-1] = patch_coords[:, 0, 0]
3255 coords_x[0] = coords_x[1] - pln / 2
3256 coords_x[-1] = coords_x[-2] + pln / 2
3258 coords_y = num.zeros(self.ny + 2)
3259 coords_y[1:-1] = patch_coords[0, :, 1]
3260 coords_y[0] = coords_y[1] - pwd / 2
3261 coords_y[-1] = coords_y[-2] + pwd / 2
3263 slip_interp = RegularGridInterpolator(
3264 (coords_x, coords_y, slip_times),
3265 slip_grid, method='nearest')
3267 lamb_interp = RegularGridInterpolator(
3268 (coords_x, coords_y),
3269 lamb_grid, method='nearest')
3271 mu_interp = RegularGridInterpolator(
3272 (coords_x, coords_y),
3273 mu_grid, method='nearest')
3275 # discretize basesources
3276 mindeltagf = min(tuple(
3277 (self.length / self.nx, self.width / self.ny) +
3278 tuple(store.config.deltas)))
3280 nl = int((1. / self.decimation_factor) *
3281 num.ceil(pln / mindeltagf)) + 1
3282 nw = int((1. / self.decimation_factor) *
3283 num.ceil(pwd / mindeltagf)) + 1
3284 nsrc_patch = int(nl * nw)
3285 dl = pln / nl
3286 dw = pwd / nw
3288 patch_area = dl * dw
3290 xl = num.linspace(-0.5 * (pln - dl), 0.5 * (pln - dl), nl)
3291 xw = num.linspace(-0.5 * (pwd - dw), 0.5 * (pwd - dw), nw)
3293 base_coords = num.zeros((nsrc_patch, 3), dtype=num.float)
3294 base_coords[:, 0] = num.tile(xl, nw)
3295 base_coords[:, 1] = num.repeat(xw, nl)
3296 base_coords = num.tile(base_coords, (npatches, 1))
3298 center_coords = num.zeros((npatches, 3))
3299 center_coords[:, 0] = num.repeat(
3300 num.arange(self.nx) * pln + pln / 2, self.ny) - self.length / 2
3301 center_coords[:, 1] = num.tile(
3302 num.arange(self.ny) * pwd + pwd / 2, self.nx) - self.width / 2
3304 base_coords -= center_coords.repeat(nsrc_patch, axis=0)
3305 nbaselocs = base_coords.shape[0]
3307 base_interp = base_coords.repeat(ntimes, axis=0)
3309 base_times = num.tile(slip_times, nbaselocs)
3310 base_interp[:, 0] -= anch_x * self.length / 2
3311 base_interp[:, 1] -= anch_y * self.width / 2
3312 base_interp[:, 2] = base_times
3314 _, _, _, _, time_interpolator, _ = self.get_vr_time_interpolators(
3315 store, interpolation=interpolation)
3317 time_eikonal_max = time_interpolator.values.max()
3319 nbasesrcs = base_interp.shape[0]
3320 delta_slip = slip_interp(base_interp).reshape(nbaselocs, ntimes, 3)
3321 lamb = lamb_interp(base_interp[:, :2]).ravel()
3322 mu = mu_interp(base_interp[:, :2]).ravel()
3324 if False:
3325 try:
3326 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
3327 coords = base_coords.copy()
3328 norm = num.sum(num.linalg.norm(delta_slip, axis=2), axis=1)
3329 plt.scatter(coords[:, 0], coords[:, 1], c=norm)
3330 plt.show()
3331 except AttributeError:
3332 pass
3334 base_interp[:, 2] = 0.
3335 rotmat = num.asarray(
3336 pmt.euler_to_matrix(self.dip * d2r, self.strike * d2r, 0.0))
3337 base_interp = num.dot(rotmat.T, base_interp.T).T
3338 base_interp[:, 0] += self.north_shift
3339 base_interp[:, 1] += self.east_shift
3340 base_interp[:, 2] += self.depth
3342 slip_strike = delta_slip[:, :, 0].ravel()
3343 slip_dip = delta_slip[:, :, 1].ravel()
3344 slip_norm = delta_slip[:, :, 2].ravel()
3346 slip_shear = num.linalg.norm([slip_strike, slip_dip], axis=0)
3347 slip_rake = r2d * num.arctan2(slip_dip, slip_strike)
3349 m6s = okada_ext.patch2m6(
3350 strikes=num.full(nbasesrcs, self.strike, dtype=num.float),
3351 dips=num.full(nbasesrcs, self.dip, dtype=num.float),
3352 rakes=slip_rake,
3353 disl_shear=slip_shear,
3354 disl_norm=slip_norm,
3355 lamb=lamb,
3356 mu=mu,
3357 nthreads=self.nthreads)
3359 m6s *= patch_area
3361 dl = -self.patches[0].al1 + self.patches[0].al2
3362 dw = -self.patches[0].aw1 + self.patches[0].aw2
3364 base_times[base_times > time_eikonal_max] = time_eikonal_max
3366 ds = meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
3367 lat=self.lat,
3368 lon=self.lon,
3369 times=base_times + self.time,
3370 north_shifts=base_interp[:, 0],
3371 east_shifts=base_interp[:, 1],
3372 depths=base_interp[:, 2],
3373 m6s=m6s,
3374 dl=dl,
3375 dw=dw,
3376 nl=self.nx,
3377 nw=self.ny)
3379 return ds
3381 def calc_coef_mat(self):
3382 '''
3383 Calculate coefficients connecting tractions and dislocations.
3384 '''
3385 if not self.patches:
3386 raise ValueError(
3387 'Patches are needed. Please calculate them first.')
3389 self.coef_mat = make_okada_coefficient_matrix(
3390 self.patches, nthreads=self.nthreads, pure_shear=self.pure_shear)
3392 def get_patch_attribute(self, attr):
3393 '''
3394 Get patch attributes.
3396 :param attr:
3397 Name of selected attribute (see
3398 :py:class`pyrocko.modelling.okada.OkadaSource`).
3399 :type attr:
3400 str
3402 :returns:
3403 Array with attribute value for each fault patch.
3404 :rtype:
3405 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`
3407 '''
3408 if not self.patches:
3409 raise ValueError(
3410 'Patches are needed. Please calculate them first.')
3411 return num.array([getattr(p, attr) for p in self.patches])
3413 def get_slip(
3414 self,
3415 time=None,
3416 scale_slip=True,
3417 interpolation='nearest_neighbor',
3418 **kwargs):
3419 '''
3420 Get slip per subfault patch for given time after rupture start.
3422 :param time:
3423 Time after origin [s], for which slip is computed. If not
3424 given, final static slip is returned.
3425 :type time:
3426 optional, float > 0.
3428 :param scale_slip:
3429 If ``True`` and :py:attr:`slip` given, all slip values are scaled
3430 to fit the given maximum slip.
3431 :type scale_slip:
3432 optional, bool
3434 :param interpolation:
3435 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
3436 and ``'multilinear'``).
3437 :type interpolation:
3438 optional, str
3440 :returns:
3441 Inverted dislocations (:math:`u_{strike}, u_{dip}, u_{tensile}`)
3442 for each source patch.
3443 :rtype:
3444 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_sources, 3)``
3445 '''
3447 if self.patches is None:
3448 raise ValueError(
3449 'Please discretize the source first (discretize_patches())')
3450 npatches = len(self.patches)
3451 tractions = self.get_tractions()
3452 time_patch_max = self.get_patch_attribute('time').max() - self.time
3454 time_patch = time
3455 if time is None:
3456 time_patch = time_patch_max
3458 if self.coef_mat is None:
3459 self.calc_coef_mat()
3461 if tractions.shape != (npatches, 3):
3462 raise AttributeError(
3463 'The traction vector is of invalid shape.'
3464 ' Required shape is (npatches, 3)')
3466 patch_mask = num.ones(npatches, dtype=num.bool)
3467 if self.patch_mask is not None:
3468 patch_mask = self.patch_mask
3470 times = self.get_patch_attribute('time') - self.time
3471 times[~patch_mask] = time_patch + 1. # exlcude unmasked patches
3472 relevant_sources = num.nonzero(times <= time_patch)[0]
3473 disloc_est = num.zeros_like(tractions)
3475 if self.smooth_rupture:
3476 patch_activation = num.zeros(npatches)
3478 nx, ny, times, vr, time_interpolator, vr_interpolator = \
3479 self.get_vr_time_interpolators(
3480 store, interpolation=interpolation)
3482 # Getting the native Eikonal grid, bit hackish
3483 points_x = num.round(time_interpolator.grid[0], decimals=2)
3484 points_y = num.round(time_interpolator.grid[1], decimals=2)
3485 times_eikonal = time_interpolator.values
3487 time_max = time
3488 if time is None:
3489 time_max = times_eikonal.max()
3491 for ip, p in enumerate(self.patches):
3492 ul = num.round((p.ix + p.al1, p.iy + p.aw1), decimals=2)
3493 lr = num.round((p.ix + p.al2, p.iy + p.aw2), decimals=2)
3495 idx_length = num.logical_and(
3496 points_x >= ul[0], points_x <= lr[0])
3497 idx_width = num.logical_and(
3498 points_y >= ul[1], points_y <= lr[1])
3500 times_patch = times_eikonal[num.ix_(idx_length, idx_width)]
3501 if times_patch.size == 0:
3502 raise AttributeError('could not use smooth_rupture')
3504 patch_activation[ip] = \
3505 (times_patch <= time_max).sum() / times_patch.size
3507 if time_patch == 0 and time_patch != time_patch_max:
3508 patch_activation[ip] = 0.
3510 patch_activation[~patch_mask] = 0. # exlcude unmasked patches
3512 relevant_sources = num.nonzero(patch_activation > 0.)[0]
3514 if relevant_sources.size == 0:
3515 return disloc_est
3517 indices_disl = num.repeat(relevant_sources * 3, 3)
3518 indices_disl[1::3] += 1
3519 indices_disl[2::3] += 2
3521 disloc_est[relevant_sources] = invert_fault_dislocations_bem(
3522 stress_field=tractions[relevant_sources, :].ravel(),
3523 coef_mat=self.coef_mat[indices_disl, :][:, indices_disl],
3524 pure_shear=self.pure_shear, nthreads=self.nthreads,
3525 epsilon=None,
3526 **kwargs)
3528 if self.smooth_rupture:
3529 disloc_est *= patch_activation[:, num.newaxis]
3531 if scale_slip and self.slip is not None:
3532 disloc_tmax = num.zeros(npatches)
3534 indices_disl = num.repeat(num.nonzero(patch_mask)[0] * 3, 3)
3535 indices_disl[1::3] += 1
3536 indices_disl[2::3] += 2
3538 disloc_tmax[patch_mask] = num.linalg.norm(
3539 invert_fault_dislocations_bem(
3540 stress_field=tractions[patch_mask, :].ravel(),
3541 coef_mat=self.coef_mat[indices_disl, :][:, indices_disl],
3542 pure_shear=self.pure_shear, nthreads=self.nthreads,
3543 epsilon=None,
3544 **kwargs), axis=1)
3546 disloc_tmax_max = disloc_tmax.max()
3547 if disloc_tmax_max == 0.:
3548 logger.warning(
3549 'slip scaling not performed. Maximum slip is 0.')
3551 disloc_est *= self.slip / disloc_tmax_max
3553 return disloc_est
3555 def get_delta_slip(
3556 self,
3557 store=None,
3558 deltat=None,
3559 delta=True,
3560 interpolation='nearest_neighbor',
3561 **kwargs):
3562 '''
3563 Get slip change snapshots.
3565 The time interval, within which the slip changes are computed is
3566 determined by the sampling rate of the Green's function database or
3567 ``deltat``. Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to :py:meth:`get_slip`.
3569 :param store:
3570 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of of the
3571 source). Its sampling interval is used as time increment for slip
3572 difference calculation. Either ``deltat`` or ``store`` should be
3573 given.
3574 :type store:
3575 optional, :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3577 :param deltat:
3578 Time interval for slip difference calculation [s]. Either
3579 ``deltat`` or ``store`` should be given.
3580 :type deltat:
3581 optional, float
3583 :param delta:
3584 If ``True``, slip differences between two time steps are given. If
3585 ``False``, cumulative slip for all time steps.
3586 :type delta:
3587 optional, bool
3589 :param interpolation:
3590 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
3591 and ``'multilinear'``).
3592 :type interpolation:
3593 optional, str
3595 :returns:
3596 Displacement changes(:math:`\\Delta u_{strike},
3597 \\Delta u_{dip} , \\Delta u_{tensile}`) for each source patch and
3598 time; corner times, for which delta slip is computed. The order of
3599 displacement changes array is:
3601 .. math::
3603 &[[\\\\
3604 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch1, t1},
3605 \\Delta u_{dip, patch1, t1},
3606 \\Delta u_{tensile, patch1, t1}],\\\\
3607 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch1, t2},
3608 \\Delta u_{dip, patch1, t2},
3609 \\Delta u_{tensile, patch1, t2}]\\\\
3610 &], [\\\\
3611 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch2, t1}, ...],\\\\
3612 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch2, t2}, ...]]]\\\\
3614 :rtype: :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_sources, n_times, 3)``,
3615 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``
3616 '''
3617 if store and deltat:
3618 raise AttributeError(
3619 'Argument collision. '
3620 'Please define only the store or the deltat argument.')
3622 if store:
3623 deltat = store.config.deltat
3625 if not deltat:
3626 raise AttributeError('Please give a GF store or set deltat.')
3628 npatches = len(self.patches)
3630 _, _, _, _, time_interpolator, _ = self.get_vr_time_interpolators(
3631 store, interpolation=interpolation)
3632 tmax = time_interpolator.values.max()
3634 calc_times = num.arange(0., tmax + deltat, deltat)
3635 calc_times[calc_times > tmax] = tmax
3637 disloc_est = num.zeros((npatches, calc_times.size, 3))
3639 for itime, t in enumerate(calc_times):
3640 disloc_est[:, itime, :] = self.get_slip(
3641 time=t, scale_slip=False, **kwargs)
3643 if self.slip:
3644 disloc_tmax = num.linalg.norm(
3645 self.get_slip(scale_slip=False, time=tmax),
3646 axis=1)
3648 disloc_tmax_max = disloc_tmax.max()
3649 if disloc_tmax_max == 0.:
3650 logger.warning(
3651 'Slip scaling not performed. Maximum slip is 0.')
3652 else:
3653 disloc_est *= self.slip / disloc_tmax_max
3655 if not delta:
3656 return disloc_est, calc_times
3658 # if we have only one timestep there is no gradient
3659 if calc_times.size > 1:
3660 disloc_init = disloc_est[:, 0, :]
3661 disloc_est = num.diff(disloc_est, axis=1)
3662 disloc_est = num.concatenate((
3663 disloc_init[:, num.newaxis, :], disloc_est), axis=1)
3665 calc_times = calc_times
3667 return disloc_est, calc_times
3669 def get_slip_rate(self, *args, **kwargs):
3670 '''
3671 Get slip rate inverted from patches.
3673 The time interval, within which the slip rates are computed is
3674 determined by the sampling rate of the Green's function database or
3675 ``deltat``. Additional ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are passed to
3676 :py:meth:`get_delta_slip`.
3678 :returns:
3679 Slip rates (:math:`\\Delta u_{strike}/\\Delta t`,
3680 :math:`\\Delta u_{dip}/\\Delta t, \\Delta u_{tensile}/\\Delta t`)
3681 for each source patch and time; corner times, for which slip rate
3682 is computed. The order of sliprate array is:
3684 .. math::
3686 &[[\\\\
3687 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch1, t1}/\\Delta t,
3688 \\Delta u_{dip, patch1, t1}/\\Delta t,
3689 \\Delta u_{tensile, patch1, t1}/\\Delta t],\\\\
3690 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch1, t2}/\\Delta t,
3691 \\Delta u_{dip, patch1, t2}/\\Delta t,
3692 \\Delta u_{tensile, patch1, t2}/\\Delta t]], [\\\\
3693 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch2, t1}/\\Delta t, ...],\\\\
3694 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch2, t2}/\\Delta t, ...]]]\\\\
3696 :rtype: :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_sources, n_times, 3)``,
3697 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``
3698 '''
3699 ddisloc_est, calc_times = self.get_delta_slip(
3700 *args, delta=True, **kwargs)
3702 dt = num.concatenate(
3703 [(num.diff(calc_times)[0], ), num.diff(calc_times)])
3704 slip_rate = num.linalg.norm(ddisloc_est, axis=2) / dt
3706 return slip_rate, calc_times
3708 def get_moment_rate_patches(self, *args, **kwargs):
3709 '''
3710 Get scalar seismic moment rate for each patch individually.
3712 Additional ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are passed to
3713 :py:meth:`get_slip_rate`.
3715 :returns:
3716 Seismic moment rate for each source patch and time; corner times,
3717 for which patch moment rate is computed based on slip rate. The
3718 order of the moment rate array is:
3720 .. math::
3722 &[\\\\
3723 &[(\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{patch1, t1},
3724 (\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{patch1, t2}, ...],\\\\
3725 &[(\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{patch2, t1},
3726 (\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{patch, t2}, ...],\\\\
3727 &[...]]\\\\
3729 :rtype: :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_sources, n_times)``,
3730 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``
3731 '''
3732 slip_rate, calc_times = self.get_slip_rate(*args, **kwargs)
3734 shear_mod = self.get_patch_attribute('shearmod')
3735 p_length = self.get_patch_attribute('length')
3736 p_width = self.get_patch_attribute('width')
3738 dA = p_length * p_width
3740 mom_rate = shear_mod[:, num.newaxis] * slip_rate * dA[:, num.newaxis]
3742 return mom_rate, calc_times
3744 def get_moment_rate(self, store, target=None, deltat=None):
3745 '''
3746 Get seismic source moment rate for the total source (STF).
3748 :param store:
3749 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of of the
3750 source). Its ``deltat`` [s] is used as time increment for slip
3751 difference calculation. Either ``deltat`` or ``store`` should be
3752 given.
3753 :type store:
3754 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3756 :param target:
3757 Target information, needed for interpolation method.
3758 :type target:
3759 optional, :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.targets.Target`
3761 :param deltat:
3762 Time increment for slip difference calculation [s]. If not given
3763 ``store.deltat`` is used.
3764 :type deltat:
3765 optional, float
3767 :return:
3768 Seismic moment rate [Nm/s] for each time; corner times, for which
3769 moment rate is computed. The order of the moment rate array is:
3771 .. math::
3773 &[\\\\
3774 &(\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{t1},\\\\
3775 &(\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{t2},\\\\
3776 &...]\\\\
3778 :rtype:
3779 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``,
3780 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``
3781 '''
3782 if not deltat:
3783 deltat = store.config.deltat
3784 return self.discretize_basesource(
3785 store, target=target).get_moment_rate(deltat)
3787 def get_moment(self, *args, **kwargs):
3788 '''
3789 Get seismic cumulative moment.
3791 Additional ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are passed to
3792 :py:meth:`get_magnitude`.
3794 :returns:
3795 Cumulative seismic moment in [Nm].
3796 :rtype:
3797 float
3798 '''
3799 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.get_magnitude(
3800 *args, **kwargs)))
3802 def rescale_slip(self, magnitude=None, moment=None, **kwargs):
3803 '''
3804 Rescale source slip based on given target magnitude or seismic moment.
3806 Rescale the maximum source slip to fit the source moment magnitude or
3807 seismic moment to the given target values. Either ``magnitude`` or
3808 ``moment`` need to be given. Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to
3809 :py:meth:`get_moment`.
3811 :param magnitude:
3812 Target moment magnitude :math:`M_\\mathrm{w}` as in
3813 [Hanks and Kanamori, 1979]
3814 :type magnitude:
3815 optional, float
3817 :param moment:
3818 Target seismic moment :math:`M_0` [Nm].
3819 :type moment:
3820 optional, float
3821 '''
3822 if self.slip is None:
3823 self.slip = 1.
3824 logger.warning('No slip found for rescaling. '
3825 'An initial slip of 1 m is assumed.')
3827 if magnitude is None and moment is None:
3828 raise ValueError(
3829 'Either target magnitude or moment need to be given.')
3831 moment_init = self.get_moment(**kwargs)
3833 if magnitude is not None:
3834 moment = pmt.magnitude_to_moment(magnitude)
3836 self.slip *= moment / moment_init
3838 def get_centroid(self, store, *args, **kwargs):
3839 '''
3840 Centroid of the pseudo dynamic rupture model.
3842 The centroid location and time are derived from the locations and times
3843 of the individual patches weighted with their moment contribution.
3844 Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to :py:meth:`pyrocko_moment_tensor`.
3846 :param store:
3847 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of of the
3848 source). Its ``deltat`` [s] is used as time increment for slip
3849 difference calculation. Either ``deltat`` or ``store`` should be
3850 given.
3851 :type store:
3852 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3854 :returns:
3855 The centroid location and associated moment tensor.
3856 :rtype:
3857 :py:class:`pyrocko.model.Event`
3858 '''
3859 _, _, _, _, time, _ = self.get_vr_time_interpolators(store)
3860 t_max = time.values.max()
3862 moment_rate, times = self.get_moment_rate_patches(deltat=t_max)
3864 moment = num.sum(moment_rate * times, axis=1)
3865 weights = moment / moment.sum()
3867 norths = self.get_patch_attribute('north_shift')
3868 easts = self.get_patch_attribute('east_shift')
3869 depths = self.get_patch_attribute('depth')
3870 times = self.get_patch_attribute('time') - self.time
3872 centroid_n = num.sum(weights * norths)
3873 centroid_e = num.sum(weights * easts)
3874 centroid_d = num.sum(weights * depths)
3875 centroid_t = num.sum(weights * times) + self.time
3877 centroid_lat, centroid_lon = ne_to_latlon(
3878 self.lat, self.lon, centroid_n, centroid_e)
3880 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, *args, **kwargs)
3882 return model.Event(
3883 lat=centroid_lat,
3884 lon=centroid_lon,
3885 depth=centroid_d,
3886 time=centroid_t,
3887 moment_tensor=mt,
3888 magnitude=mt.magnitude,
3889 duration=t_max)
3892class DoubleDCSource(SourceWithMagnitude):
3893 '''
3894 Two double-couple point sources separated in space and time.
3895 Moment share between the sub-sources is controlled by the
3896 parameter mix.
3897 The position of the subsources is dependent on the moment
3898 distribution between the two sources. Depth, east and north
3899 shift are given for the centroid between the two double-couples.
3900 The subsources will positioned according to their moment shares
3901 around this centroid position.
3902 This is done according to their delta parameters, which are
3903 therefore in relation to that centroid.
3904 Note that depth of the subsources therefore can be
3905 depth+/-delta_depth. For shallow earthquakes therefore
3906 the depth has to be chosen deeper to avoid sampling
3907 above surface.
3908 '''
3910 strike1 = Float.T(
3911 default=0.0,
3912 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
3914 dip1 = Float.T(
3915 default=90.0,
3916 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
3918 azimuth = Float.T(
3919 default=0.0,
3920 help='azimuth to second double-couple [deg], '
3921 'measured at first, clockwise from north')
3923 rake1 = Float.T(
3924 default=0.0,
3925 help='rake angle in [deg], '
3926 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
3927 'in on-plane view')
3929 strike2 = Float.T(
3930 default=0.0,
3931 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
3933 dip2 = Float.T(
3934 default=90.0,
3935 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
3937 rake2 = Float.T(
3938 default=0.0,
3939 help='rake angle in [deg], '
3940 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
3941 'in on-plane view')
3943 delta_time = Float.T(
3944 default=0.0,
3945 help='separation of double-couples in time (t2-t1) [s]')
3947 delta_depth = Float.T(
3948 default=0.0,
3949 help='difference in depth (z2-z1) [m]')
3951 distance = Float.T(
3952 default=0.0,
3953 help='distance between the two double-couples [m]')
3955 mix = Float.T(
3956 default=0.5,
3957 help='how to distribute the moment to the two doublecouples '
3958 'mix=0 -> m1=1 and m2=0; mix=1 -> m1=0, m2=1')
3960 stf1 = STF.T(
3961 optional=True,
3962 help='Source time function of subsource 1 '
3963 '(if given, overrides STF from attribute :py:gattr:`Source.stf`)')
3965 stf2 = STF.T(
3966 optional=True,
3967 help='Source time function of subsource 2 '
3968 '(if given, overrides STF from attribute :py:gattr:`Source.stf`)')
3970 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
3972 def base_key(self):
3973 return (
3974 self.time, self.depth, self.lat, self.north_shift,
3975 self.lon, self.east_shift, type(self).__name__) + \
3976 self.effective_stf1_pre().base_key() + \
3977 self.effective_stf2_pre().base_key() + (
3978 self.strike1, self.dip1, self.rake1,
3979 self.strike2, self.dip2, self.rake2,
3980 self.delta_time, self.delta_depth,
3981 self.azimuth, self.distance, self.mix)
3983 def get_factor(self):
3984 return self.moment
3986 def effective_stf1_pre(self):
3987 return self.stf1 or self.stf or g_unit_pulse
3989 def effective_stf2_pre(self):
3990 return self.stf2 or self.stf or g_unit_pulse
3992 def effective_stf_post(self):
3993 return g_unit_pulse
3995 def split(self):
3996 a1 = 1.0 - self.mix
3997 a2 = self.mix
3998 delta_north = math.cos(self.azimuth * d2r) * self.distance
3999 delta_east = math.sin(self.azimuth * d2r) * self.distance
4001 dc1 = DCSource(
4002 lat=self.lat,
4003 lon=self.lon,
4004 time=self.time - self.delta_time * a2,
4005 north_shift=self.north_shift - delta_north * a2,
4006 east_shift=self.east_shift - delta_east * a2,
4007 depth=self.depth - self.delta_depth * a2,
4008 moment=self.moment * a1,
4009 strike=self.strike1,
4010 dip=self.dip1,
4011 rake=self.rake1,
4012 stf=self.stf1 or self.stf)
4014 dc2 = DCSource(
4015 lat=self.lat,
4016 lon=self.lon,
4017 time=self.time + self.delta_time * a1,
4018 north_shift=self.north_shift + delta_north * a1,
4019 east_shift=self.east_shift + delta_east * a1,
4020 depth=self.depth + self.delta_depth * a1,
4021 moment=self.moment * a2,
4022 strike=self.strike2,
4023 dip=self.dip2,
4024 rake=self.rake2,
4025 stf=self.stf2 or self.stf)
4027 return [dc1, dc2]
4029 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4030 a1 = 1.0 - self.mix
4031 a2 = self.mix
4032 mot1 = pmt.MomentTensor(strike=self.strike1, dip=self.dip1,
4033 rake=self.rake1, scalar_moment=a1)
4034 mot2 = pmt.MomentTensor(strike=self.strike2, dip=self.dip2,
4035 rake=self.rake2, scalar_moment=a2)
4037 delta_north = math.cos(self.azimuth * d2r) * self.distance
4038 delta_east = math.sin(self.azimuth * d2r) * self.distance
4040 times1, amplitudes1 = self.effective_stf1_pre().discretize_t(
4041 store.config.deltat, self.time - self.delta_time * a2)
4043 times2, amplitudes2 = self.effective_stf2_pre().discretize_t(
4044 store.config.deltat, self.time + self.delta_time * a1)
4046 nt1 = times1.size
4047 nt2 = times2.size
4049 ds = meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
4050 lat=self.lat,
4051 lon=self.lon,
4052 times=num.concatenate((times1, times2)),
4053 north_shifts=num.concatenate((
4054 num.repeat(self.north_shift - delta_north * a2, nt1),
4055 num.repeat(self.north_shift + delta_north * a1, nt2))),
4056 east_shifts=num.concatenate((
4057 num.repeat(self.east_shift - delta_east * a2, nt1),
4058 num.repeat(self.east_shift + delta_east * a1, nt2))),
4059 depths=num.concatenate((
4060 num.repeat(self.depth - self.delta_depth * a2, nt1),
4061 num.repeat(self.depth + self.delta_depth * a1, nt2))),
4062 m6s=num.vstack((
4063 mot1.m6()[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes1[:, num.newaxis],
4064 mot2.m6()[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes2[:, num.newaxis])))
4066 return ds
4068 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
4069 a1 = 1.0 - self.mix
4070 a2 = self.mix
4071 mot1 = pmt.MomentTensor(strike=self.strike1, dip=self.dip1,
4072 rake=self.rake1,
4073 scalar_moment=a1 * self.moment)
4074 mot2 = pmt.MomentTensor(strike=self.strike2, dip=self.dip2,
4075 rake=self.rake2,
4076 scalar_moment=a2 * self.moment)
4077 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=mot1.m() + mot2.m())
4079 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
4080 return SourceWithMagnitude.pyrocko_event(
4081 self, store, target,
4082 moment_tensor=self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target),
4083 **kwargs)
4085 @classmethod
4086 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
4087 d = {}
4088 mt = ev.moment_tensor
4089 if mt:
4090 (strike, dip, rake), _ = mt.both_strike_dip_rake()
4091 d.update(
4092 strike1=float(strike),
4093 dip1=float(dip),
4094 rake1=float(rake),
4095 strike2=float(strike),
4096 dip2=float(dip),
4097 rake2=float(rake),
4098 mix=0.0,
4099 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()))
4101 d.update(kwargs)
4102 source = super(DoubleDCSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
4103 source.stf1 = source.stf
4104 source.stf2 = HalfSinusoidSTF(effective_duration=0.)
4105 source.stf = None
4106 return source
4109class RingfaultSource(SourceWithMagnitude):
4110 '''
4111 A ring fault with vertical doublecouples.
4112 '''
4114 diameter = Float.T(
4115 default=1.0,
4116 help='diameter of the ring in [m]')
4118 sign = Float.T(
4119 default=1.0,
4120 help='inside of the ring moves up (+1) or down (-1)')
4122 strike = Float.T(
4123 default=0.0,
4124 help='strike direction of the ring plane, clockwise from north,'
4125 ' in [deg]')
4127 dip = Float.T(
4128 default=0.0,
4129 help='dip angle of the ring plane from horizontal in [deg]')
4131 npointsources = Int.T(
4132 default=360,
4133 help='number of point sources to use')
4135 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
4137 def base_key(self):
4138 return Source.base_key(self) + (
4139 self.strike, self.dip, self.diameter, self.npointsources)
4141 def get_factor(self):
4142 return self.sign * self.moment
4144 def discretize_basesource(self, store=None, target=None):
4145 n = self.npointsources
4146 phi = num.linspace(0, 2.0 * num.pi, n, endpoint=False)
4148 points = num.zeros((n, 3))
4149 points[:, 0] = num.cos(phi) * 0.5 * self.diameter
4150 points[:, 1] = num.sin(phi) * 0.5 * self.diameter
4152 rotmat = num.array(pmt.euler_to_matrix(
4153 self.dip * d2r, self.strike * d2r, 0.0))
4154 points = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T # !!! ?
4156 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
4157 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
4158 points[:, 2] += self.depth
4160 m = num.array(pmt.MomentTensor(strike=90., dip=90., rake=-90.,
4161 scalar_moment=1.0 / n).m())
4163 rotmats = num.transpose(
4164 [[num.cos(phi), num.sin(phi), num.zeros(n)],
4165 [-num.sin(phi), num.cos(phi), num.zeros(n)],
4166 [num.zeros(n), num.zeros(n), num.ones(n)]], (2, 0, 1))
4168 ms = num.zeros((n, 3, 3))
4169 for i in range(n):
4170 mtemp = num.dot(rotmats[i].T, num.dot(m, rotmats[i]))
4171 ms[i, :, :] = num.dot(rotmat.T, num.dot(mtemp, rotmat))
4173 m6s = num.vstack((ms[:, 0, 0], ms[:, 1, 1], ms[:, 2, 2],
4174 ms[:, 0, 1], ms[:, 0, 2], ms[:, 1, 2])).T
4176 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
4177 store.config.deltat, self.time)
4179 nt = times.size
4181 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
4182 times=num.tile(times, n),
4183 lat=self.lat,
4184 lon=self.lon,
4185 north_shifts=num.repeat(points[:, 0], nt),
4186 east_shifts=num.repeat(points[:, 1], nt),
4187 depths=num.repeat(points[:, 2], nt),
4188 m6s=num.repeat(m6s, nt, axis=0) * num.tile(
4189 amplitudes, n)[:, num.newaxis])
4192class CombiSource(Source):
4193 '''
4194 Composite source model.
4195 '''
4197 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
4199 subsources = List.T(Source.T())
4201 def __init__(self, subsources=[], **kwargs):
4202 if not subsources:
4203 raise BadRequest(
4204 'Need at least one sub-source to create a CombiSource object.')
4206 lats = num.array(
4207 [subsource.lat for subsource in subsources], dtype=float)
4208 lons = num.array(
4209 [subsource.lon for subsource in subsources], dtype=float)
4211 lat, lon = lats[0], lons[0]
4212 if not num.all(lats == lat) and num.all(lons == lon):
4213 subsources = [s.clone() for s in subsources]
4214 for subsource in subsources[1:]:
4215 subsource.set_origin(lat, lon)
4217 depth = float(num.mean([p.depth for p in subsources]))
4218 time = float(num.mean([p.time for p in subsources]))
4219 north_shift = float(num.mean([p.north_shift for p in subsources]))
4220 east_shift = float(num.mean([p.east_shift for p in subsources]))
4221 kwargs.update(
4222 time=time,
4223 lat=float(lat),
4224 lon=float(lon),
4225 north_shift=north_shift,
4226 east_shift=east_shift,
4227 depth=depth)
4229 Source.__init__(self, subsources=subsources, **kwargs)
4231 def get_factor(self):
4232 return 1.0
4234 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4235 dsources = []
4236 for sf in self.subsources:
4237 ds = sf.discretize_basesource(store, target)
4238 ds.m6s *= sf.get_factor()
4239 dsources.append(ds)
4241 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource.combine(dsources)
4244class SFSource(Source):
4245 '''
4246 A single force point source.
4248 Supported GF schemes: `'elastic5'`.
4249 '''
4251 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedSFSource
4253 fn = Float.T(
4254 default=0.,
4255 help='northward component of single force [N]')
4257 fe = Float.T(
4258 default=0.,
4259 help='eastward component of single force [N]')
4261 fd = Float.T(
4262 default=0.,
4263 help='downward component of single force [N]')
4265 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
4266 Source.__init__(self, **kwargs)
4268 def base_key(self):
4269 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.fn, self.fe, self.fd)
4271 def get_factor(self):
4272 return 1.0
4274 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4275 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
4276 store.config.deltat, self.time)
4277 forces = amplitudes[:, num.newaxis] * num.array(
4278 [[self.fn, self.fe, self.fd]], dtype=float)
4280 return meta.DiscretizedSFSource(forces=forces,
4281 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
4283 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
4284 return Source.pyrocko_event(
4285 self, store, target,
4286 **kwargs)
4288 @classmethod
4289 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
4290 d = {}
4291 d.update(kwargs)
4292 return super(SFSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
4295class PorePressurePointSource(Source):
4296 '''
4297 Excess pore pressure point source.
4299 For poro-elastic initial value problem where an excess pore pressure is
4300 brought into a small source volume.
4301 '''
4303 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedPorePressureSource
4305 pp = Float.T(
4306 default=1.0,
4307 help='initial excess pore pressure in [Pa]')
4309 def base_key(self):
4310 return Source.base_key(self)
4312 def get_factor(self):
4313 return self.pp
4315 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4316 return meta.DiscretizedPorePressureSource(pp=arr(1.0),
4317 **self._dparams_base())
4320class PorePressureLineSource(Source):
4321 '''
4322 Excess pore pressure line source.
4324 The line source is centered at (north_shift, east_shift, depth).
4325 '''
4327 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedPorePressureSource
4329 pp = Float.T(
4330 default=1.0,
4331 help='initial excess pore pressure in [Pa]')
4333 length = Float.T(
4334 default=0.0,
4335 help='length of the line source [m]')
4337 azimuth = Float.T(
4338 default=0.0,
4339 help='azimuth direction, clockwise from north [deg]')
4341 dip = Float.T(
4342 default=90.,
4343 help='dip direction, downward from horizontal [deg]')
4345 def base_key(self):
4346 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.azimuth, self.dip, self.length)
4348 def get_factor(self):
4349 return self.pp
4351 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4353 n = 2 * int(math.ceil(self.length / num.min(store.config.deltas))) + 1
4355 a = num.linspace(-0.5 * self.length, 0.5 * self.length, n)
4357 sa = math.sin(self.azimuth * d2r)
4358 ca = math.cos(self.azimuth * d2r)
4359 sd = math.sin(self.dip * d2r)
4360 cd = math.cos(self.dip * d2r)
4362 points = num.zeros((n, 3))
4363 points[:, 0] = self.north_shift + a * ca * cd
4364 points[:, 1] = self.east_shift + a * sa * cd
4365 points[:, 2] = self.depth + a * sd
4367 return meta.DiscretizedPorePressureSource(
4368 times=util.num_full(n, self.time),
4369 lat=self.lat,
4370 lon=self.lon,
4371 north_shifts=points[:, 0],
4372 east_shifts=points[:, 1],
4373 depths=points[:, 2],
4374 pp=num.ones(n) / n)
4377class Request(Object):
4378 '''
4379 Synthetic seismogram computation request.
4381 ::
4383 Request(**kwargs)
4384 Request(sources, targets, **kwargs)
4385 '''
4387 sources = List.T(
4388 Source.T(),
4389 help='list of sources for which to produce synthetics.')
4391 targets = List.T(
4392 Target.T(),
4393 help='list of targets for which to produce synthetics.')
4395 @classmethod
4396 def args2kwargs(cls, args):
4397 if len(args) not in (0, 2, 3):
4398 raise BadRequest('Invalid arguments.')
4400 if len(args) == 2:
4401 return dict(sources=args[0], targets=args[1])
4402 else:
4403 return {}
4405 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
4406 kwargs.update(self.args2kwargs(args))
4407 sources = kwargs.pop('sources', [])
4408 targets = kwargs.pop('targets', [])
4410 if isinstance(sources, Source):
4411 sources = [sources]
4413 if isinstance(targets, Target) or isinstance(targets, StaticTarget):
4414 targets = [targets]
4416 Object.__init__(self, sources=sources, targets=targets, **kwargs)
4418 @property
4419 def targets_dynamic(self):
4420 return [t for t in self.targets if isinstance(t, Target)]
4422 @property
4423 def targets_static(self):
4424 return [t for t in self.targets if isinstance(t, StaticTarget)]
4426 @property
4427 def has_dynamic(self):
4428 return True if len(self.targets_dynamic) > 0 else False
4430 @property
4431 def has_statics(self):
4432 return True if len(self.targets_static) > 0 else False
4434 def subsources_map(self):
4435 m = defaultdict(list)
4436 for source in self.sources:
4437 m[source.base_key()].append(source)
4439 return m
4441 def subtargets_map(self):
4442 m = defaultdict(list)
4443 for target in self.targets:
4444 m[target.base_key()].append(target)
4446 return m
4448 def subrequest_map(self):
4449 ms = self.subsources_map()
4450 mt = self.subtargets_map()
4451 m = {}
4452 for (ks, ls) in ms.items():
4453 for (kt, lt) in mt.items():
4454 m[ks, kt] = (ls, lt)
4456 return m
4459class ProcessingStats(Object):
4460 t_perc_get_store_and_receiver = Float.T(default=0.)
4461 t_perc_discretize_source = Float.T(default=0.)
4462 t_perc_make_base_seismogram = Float.T(default=0.)
4463 t_perc_make_same_span = Float.T(default=0.)
4464 t_perc_post_process = Float.T(default=0.)
4465 t_perc_optimize = Float.T(default=0.)
4466 t_perc_stack = Float.T(default=0.)
4467 t_perc_static_get_store = Float.T(default=0.)
4468 t_perc_static_discretize_basesource = Float.T(default=0.)
4469 t_perc_static_sum_statics = Float.T(default=0.)
4470 t_perc_static_post_process = Float.T(default=0.)
4471 t_wallclock = Float.T(default=0.)
4472 t_cpu = Float.T(default=0.)
4473 n_read_blocks = Int.T(default=0)
4474 n_results = Int.T(default=0)
4475 n_subrequests = Int.T(default=0)
4476 n_stores = Int.T(default=0)
4477 n_records_stacked = Int.T(default=0)
4480class Response(Object):
4481 '''
4482 Resonse object to a synthetic seismogram computation request.
4483 '''
4485 request = Request.T()
4486 results_list = List.T(List.T(meta.SeismosizerResult.T()))
4487 stats = ProcessingStats.T()
4489 def pyrocko_traces(self):
4490 '''
4491 Return a list of requested
4492 :class:`~pyrocko.trace.Trace` instances.
4493 '''
4495 traces = []
4496 for results in self.results_list:
4497 for result in results:
4498 if not isinstance(result, meta.Result):
4499 continue
4500 traces.append(result.trace.pyrocko_trace())
4502 return traces
4504 def kite_scenes(self):
4505 '''
4506 Return a list of requested
4507 :class:`~kite.scenes` instances.
4508 '''
4509 kite_scenes = []
4510 for results in self.results_list:
4511 for result in results:
4512 if isinstance(result, meta.KiteSceneResult):
4513 sc = result.get_scene()
4514 kite_scenes.append(sc)
4516 return kite_scenes
4518 def static_results(self):
4519 '''
4520 Return a list of requested
4521 :class:`~pyrocko.gf.meta.StaticResult` instances.
4522 '''
4523 statics = []
4524 for results in self.results_list:
4525 for result in results:
4526 if not isinstance(result, meta.StaticResult):
4527 continue
4528 statics.append(result)
4530 return statics
4532 def iter_results(self, get='pyrocko_traces'):
4533 '''
4534 Generator function to iterate over results of request.
4536 Yields associated :py:class:`Source`,
4537 :class:`~pyrocko.gf.targets.Target`,
4538 :class:`~pyrocko.trace.Trace` instances in each iteration.
4539 '''
4541 for isource, source in enumerate(self.request.sources):
4542 for itarget, target in enumerate(self.request.targets):
4543 result = self.results_list[isource][itarget]
4544 if get == 'pyrocko_traces':
4545 yield source, target, result.trace.pyrocko_trace()
4546 elif get == 'results':
4547 yield source, target, result
4549 def snuffle(self, **kwargs):
4550 '''
4551 Open *snuffler* with requested traces.
4552 '''
4554 trace.snuffle(self.pyrocko_traces(), **kwargs)
4557class Engine(Object):
4558 '''
4559 Base class for synthetic seismogram calculators.
4560 '''
4562 def get_store_ids(self):
4563 '''
4564 Get list of available GF store IDs
4565 '''
4567 return []
4570class Rule(object):
4571 pass
4574class VectorRule(Rule):
4576 def __init__(self, quantity, differentiate=0, integrate=0):
4577 self.components = [quantity + '.' + c for c in 'ned']
4578 self.differentiate = differentiate
4579 self.integrate = integrate
4581 def required_components(self, target):
4582 n, e, d = self.components
4583 sa, ca, sd, cd = target.get_sin_cos_factors()
4585 comps = []
4586 if nonzero(ca * cd):
4587 comps.append(n)
4589 if nonzero(sa * cd):
4590 comps.append(e)
4592 if nonzero(sd):
4593 comps.append(d)
4595 return tuple(comps)
4597 def apply_(self, target, base_seismogram):
4598 n, e, d = self.components
4599 sa, ca, sd, cd = target.get_sin_cos_factors()
4601 if nonzero(ca * cd):
4602 data = base_seismogram[n].data * (ca * cd)
4603 deltat = base_seismogram[n].deltat
4604 else:
4605 data = 0.0
4607 if nonzero(sa * cd):
4608 data = data + base_seismogram[e].data * (sa * cd)
4609 deltat = base_seismogram[e].deltat
4611 if nonzero(sd):
4612 data = data + base_seismogram[d].data * sd
4613 deltat = base_seismogram[d].deltat
4615 if self.differentiate:
4616 data = util.diff_fd(self.differentiate, 4, deltat, data)
4618 if self.integrate:
4619 raise NotImplementedError('Integration is not implemented yet.')
4621 return data
4624class HorizontalVectorRule(Rule):
4626 def __init__(self, quantity, differentiate=0, integrate=0):
4627 self.components = [quantity + '.' + c for c in 'ne']
4628 self.differentiate = differentiate
4629 self.integrate = integrate
4631 def required_components(self, target):
4632 n, e = self.components
4633 sa, ca, _, _ = target.get_sin_cos_factors()
4635 comps = []
4636 if nonzero(ca):
4637 comps.append(n)
4639 if nonzero(sa):
4640 comps.append(e)
4642 return tuple(comps)
4644 def apply_(self, target, base_seismogram):
4645 n, e = self.components
4646 sa, ca, _, _ = target.get_sin_cos_factors()
4648 if nonzero(ca):
4649 data = base_seismogram[n].data * ca
4650 else:
4651 data = 0.0
4653 if nonzero(sa):
4654 data = data + base_seismogram[e].data * sa
4656 if self.differentiate:
4657 deltat = base_seismogram[e].deltat
4658 data = util.diff_fd(self.differentiate, 4, deltat, data)
4660 if self.integrate:
4661 raise NotImplementedError('Integration is not implemented yet.')
4663 return data
4666class ScalarRule(Rule):
4668 def __init__(self, quantity, differentiate=0):
4669 self.c = quantity
4671 def required_components(self, target):
4672 return (self.c, )
4674 def apply_(self, target, base_seismogram):
4675 data = base_seismogram[self.c].data.copy()
4676 deltat = base_seismogram[self.c].deltat
4677 if self.differentiate:
4678 data = util.diff_fd(self.differentiate, 4, deltat, data)
4680 return data
4683class StaticDisplacement(Rule):
4685 def required_components(self, target):
4686 return tuple(['displacement.%s' % c for c in list('ned')])
4688 def apply_(self, target, base_statics):
4689 if isinstance(target, SatelliteTarget):
4690 los_fac = target.get_los_factors()
4691 base_statics['displacement.los'] =\
4692 (los_fac[:, 0] * -base_statics['displacement.d'] +
4693 los_fac[:, 1] * base_statics['displacement.e'] +
4694 los_fac[:, 2] * base_statics['displacement.n'])
4695 return base_statics
4698channel_rules = {
4699 'displacement': [VectorRule('displacement')],
4700 'rotation': [VectorRule('rotation')],
4701 'velocity': [
4702 VectorRule('velocity'),
4703 VectorRule('displacement', differentiate=1)],
4704 'acceleration': [
4705 VectorRule('acceleration'),
4706 VectorRule('velocity', differentiate=1),
4707 VectorRule('displacement', differentiate=2)],
4708 'pore_pressure': [ScalarRule('pore_pressure')],
4709 'vertical_tilt': [HorizontalVectorRule('vertical_tilt')],
4710 'darcy_velocity': [VectorRule('darcy_velocity')],
4711}
4713static_rules = {
4714 'displacement': [StaticDisplacement()]
4715}
4718class OutOfBoundsContext(Object):
4719 source = Source.T()
4720 target = Target.T()
4721 distance = Float.T()
4722 components = List.T(String.T())
4725def process_dynamic_timeseries(work, psources, ptargets, engine, nthreads=0):
4726 dsource_cache = {}
4727 tcounters = list(range(6))
4729 store_ids = set()
4730 sources = set()
4731 targets = set()
4733 for itarget, target in enumerate(ptargets):
4734 target._id = itarget
4736 for w in work:
4737 _, _, isources, itargets = w
4739 sources.update([psources[isource] for isource in isources])
4740 targets.update([ptargets[itarget] for itarget in itargets])
4742 store_ids = set([t.store_id for t in targets])
4744 for isource, source in enumerate(psources):
4746 components = set()
4747 for itarget, target in enumerate(targets):
4748 rule = engine.get_rule(source, target)
4749 components.update(rule.required_components(target))
4751 for store_id in store_ids:
4752 store_targets = [t for t in targets if t.store_id == store_id]
4754 sample_rates = set([t.sample_rate for t in store_targets])
4755 interpolations = set([t.interpolation for t in store_targets])
4757 base_seismograms = []
4758 store_targets_out = []
4760 for samp_rate in sample_rates:
4761 for interp in interpolations:
4762 engine_targets = [
4763 t for t in store_targets if t.sample_rate == samp_rate
4764 and t.interpolation == interp]
4766 if not engine_targets:
4767 continue
4769 store_targets_out += engine_targets
4771 base_seismograms += engine.base_seismograms(
4772 source,
4773 engine_targets,
4774 components,
4775 dsource_cache,
4776 nthreads)
4778 for iseis, seismogram in enumerate(base_seismograms):
4779 for tr in seismogram.values():
4780 if tr.err != store.SeismosizerErrorEnum.SUCCESS:
4781 e = SeismosizerError(
4782 'Seismosizer failed with return code %i\n%s' % (
4783 tr.err, str(
4784 OutOfBoundsContext(
4785 source=source,
4786 target=store_targets[iseis],
4787 distance=source.distance_to(
4788 store_targets[iseis]),
4789 components=components))))
4790 raise e
4792 for seismogram, target in zip(base_seismograms, store_targets_out):
4794 try:
4795 result = engine._post_process_dynamic(
4796 seismogram, source, target)
4797 except SeismosizerError as e:
4798 result = e
4800 yield (isource, target._id, result), tcounters
4803def process_dynamic(work, psources, ptargets, engine, nthreads=0):
4804 dsource_cache = {}
4806 for w in work:
4807 _, _, isources, itargets = w
4809 sources = [psources[isource] for isource in isources]
4810 targets = [ptargets[itarget] for itarget in itargets]
4812 components = set()
4813 for target in targets:
4814 rule = engine.get_rule(sources[0], target)
4815 components.update(rule.required_components(target))
4817 for isource, source in zip(isources, sources):
4818 for itarget, target in zip(itargets, targets):
4820 try:
4821 base_seismogram, tcounters = engine.base_seismogram(
4822 source, target, components, dsource_cache, nthreads)
4823 except meta.OutOfBounds as e:
4824 e.context = OutOfBoundsContext(
4825 source=sources[0],
4826 target=targets[0],
4827 distance=sources[0].distance_to(targets[0]),
4828 components=components)
4829 raise
4831 n_records_stacked = 0
4832 t_optimize = 0.0
4833 t_stack = 0.0
4835 for _, tr in base_seismogram.items():
4836 n_records_stacked += tr.n_records_stacked
4837 t_optimize += tr.t_optimize
4838 t_stack += tr.t_stack
4840 try:
4841 result = engine._post_process_dynamic(
4842 base_seismogram, source, target)
4843 result.n_records_stacked = n_records_stacked
4844 result.n_shared_stacking = len(sources) *\
4845 len(targets)
4846 result.t_optimize = t_optimize
4847 result.t_stack = t_stack
4848 except SeismosizerError as e:
4849 result = e
4851 tcounters.append(xtime())
4852 yield (isource, itarget, result), tcounters
4855def process_static(work, psources, ptargets, engine, nthreads=0):
4856 for w in work:
4857 _, _, isources, itargets = w
4859 sources = [psources[isource] for isource in isources]
4860 targets = [ptargets[itarget] for itarget in itargets]
4862 for isource, source in zip(isources, sources):
4863 for itarget, target in zip(itargets, targets):
4864 components = engine.get_rule(source, target)\
4865 .required_components(target)
4867 try:
4868 base_statics, tcounters = engine.base_statics(
4869 source, target, components, nthreads)
4870 except meta.OutOfBounds as e:
4871 e.context = OutOfBoundsContext(
4872 source=sources[0],
4873 target=targets[0],
4874 distance=float('nan'),
4875 components=components)
4876 raise
4877 result = engine._post_process_statics(
4878 base_statics, source, target)
4879 tcounters.append(xtime())
4881 yield (isource, itarget, result), tcounters
4884class LocalEngine(Engine):
4885 '''
4886 Offline synthetic seismogram calculator.
4888 :param use_env: if ``True``, fill :py:attr:`store_superdirs` and
4889 :py:attr:`store_dirs` with paths set in environment variables
4890 GF_STORE_SUPERDIRS and GF_STORE_DIRS.
4891 :param use_config: if ``True``, fill :py:attr:`store_superdirs` and
4892 :py:attr:`store_dirs` with paths set in the user's config file.
4894 The config file can be found at :file:`~/.pyrocko/config.pf`
4896 .. code-block :: python
4898 gf_store_dirs: ['/home/pyrocko/gf_stores/ak135/']
4899 gf_store_superdirs: ['/home/pyrocko/gf_stores/']
4900 '''
4902 store_superdirs = List.T(
4903 String.T(),
4904 help='directories which are searched for Green\'s function stores')
4906 store_dirs = List.T(
4907 String.T(),
4908 help='additional individual Green\'s function store directories')
4910 default_store_id = String.T(
4911 optional=True,
4912 help='default store ID to be used when a request does not provide '
4913 'one')
4915 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
4916 use_env = kwargs.pop('use_env', False)
4917 use_config = kwargs.pop('use_config', False)
4918 Engine.__init__(self, **kwargs)
4919 if use_env:
4920 env_store_superdirs = os.environ.get('GF_STORE_SUPERDIRS', '')
4921 env_store_dirs = os.environ.get('GF_STORE_DIRS', '')
4922 if env_store_superdirs:
4923 self.store_superdirs.extend(env_store_superdirs.split(':'))
4925 if env_store_dirs:
4926 self.store_dirs.extend(env_store_dirs.split(':'))
4928 if use_config:
4929 c = config.config()
4930 self.store_superdirs.extend(c.gf_store_superdirs)
4931 self.store_dirs.extend(c.gf_store_dirs)
4933 self._check_store_dirs_type()
4934 self._id_to_store_dir = {}
4935 self._open_stores = {}
4936 self._effective_default_store_id = None
4938 def _check_store_dirs_type(self):
4939 for sdir in ['store_dirs', 'store_superdirs']:
4940 if not isinstance(self.__getattribute__(sdir), list):
4941 raise TypeError("{} of {} is not of type list".format(
4942 sdir, self.__class__.__name__))
4944 def _get_store_id(self, store_dir):
4945 store_ = store.Store(store_dir)
4946 store_id = store_.config.id
4947 store_.close()
4948 return store_id
4950 def _looks_like_store_dir(self, store_dir):
4951 return os.path.isdir(store_dir) and \
4952 all(os.path.isfile(pjoin(store_dir, x)) for x in
4953 ('index', 'traces', 'config'))
4955 def iter_store_dirs(self):
4956 store_dirs = set()
4957 for d in self.store_superdirs:
4958 if not os.path.exists(d):
4959 logger.warning('store_superdir not available: %s' % d)
4960 continue
4962 for entry in os.listdir(d):
4963 store_dir = os.path.realpath(pjoin(d, entry))
4964 if self._looks_like_store_dir(store_dir):
4965 store_dirs.add(store_dir)
4967 for store_dir in self.store_dirs:
4968 store_dirs.add(os.path.realpath(store_dir))
4970 return store_dirs
4972 def _scan_stores(self):
4973 for store_dir in self.iter_store_dirs():
4974 store_id = self._get_store_id(store_dir)
4975 if store_id not in self._id_to_store_dir:
4976 self._id_to_store_dir[store_id] = store_dir
4977 else:
4978 if store_dir != self._id_to_store_dir[store_id]:
4979 raise DuplicateStoreId(
4980 'GF store ID %s is used in (at least) two '
4981 'different stores. Locations are: %s and %s' %
4982 (store_id, self._id_to_store_dir[store_id], store_dir))
4984 def get_store_dir(self, store_id):
4985 '''
4986 Lookup directory given a GF store ID.
4987 '''
4989 if store_id not in self._id_to_store_dir:
4990 self._scan_stores()
4992 if store_id not in self._id_to_store_dir:
4993 raise NoSuchStore(store_id, self.iter_store_dirs())
4995 return self._id_to_store_dir[store_id]
4997 def get_store_ids(self):
4998 '''
4999 Get list of available store IDs.
5000 '''
5002 self._scan_stores()
5003 return sorted(self._id_to_store_dir.keys())
5005 def effective_default_store_id(self):
5006 if self._effective_default_store_id is None:
5007 if self.default_store_id is None:
5008 store_ids = self.get_store_ids()
5009 if len(store_ids) == 1:
5010 self._effective_default_store_id = self.get_store_ids()[0]
5011 else:
5012 raise NoDefaultStoreSet()
5013 else:
5014 self._effective_default_store_id = self.default_store_id
5016 return self._effective_default_store_id
5018 def get_store(self, store_id=None):
5019 '''
5020 Get a store from the engine.
5022 :param store_id: identifier of the store (optional)
5023 :returns: :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store` object
5025 If no ``store_id`` is provided the store
5026 associated with the :py:gattr:`default_store_id` is returned.
5027 Raises :py:exc:`NoDefaultStoreSet` if :py:gattr:`default_store_id` is
5028 undefined.
5029 '''
5031 if store_id is None:
5032 store_id = self.effective_default_store_id()
5034 if store_id not in self._open_stores:
5035 store_dir = self.get_store_dir(store_id)
5036 self._open_stores[store_id] = store.Store(store_dir)
5038 return self._open_stores[store_id]
5040 def get_store_config(self, store_id):
5041 store = self.get_store(store_id)
5042 return store.config
5044 def get_store_extra(self, store_id, key):
5045 store = self.get_store(store_id)
5046 return store.get_extra(key)
5048 def close_cashed_stores(self):
5049 '''
5050 Close and remove ids from cashed stores.
5051 '''
5052 store_ids = []
5053 for store_id, store_ in self._open_stores.items():
5054 store_.close()
5055 store_ids.append(store_id)
5057 for store_id in store_ids:
5058 self._open_stores.pop(store_id)
5060 def get_rule(self, source, target):
5061 cprovided = self.get_store(target.store_id).get_provided_components()
5063 if isinstance(target, StaticTarget):
5064 quantity = target.quantity
5065 available_rules = static_rules
5066 elif isinstance(target, Target):
5067 quantity = target.effective_quantity()
5068 available_rules = channel_rules
5070 try:
5071 for rule in available_rules[quantity]:
5072 cneeded = rule.required_components(target)
5073 if all(c in cprovided for c in cneeded):
5074 return rule
5076 except KeyError:
5077 pass
5079 raise BadRequest(
5080 'No rule to calculate "%s" with GFs from store "%s" '
5081 'for source model "%s".' % (
5082 target.effective_quantity(),
5083 target.store_id,
5084 source.__class__.__name__))
5086 def _cached_discretize_basesource(self, source, store, cache, target):
5087 if (source, store) not in cache:
5088 cache[source, store] = source.discretize_basesource(store, target)
5090 return cache[source, store]
5092 def base_seismograms(self, source, targets, components, dsource_cache,
5093 nthreads=0):
5095 target = targets[0]
5097 interp = set([t.interpolation for t in targets])
5098 if len(interp) > 1:
5099 raise BadRequest('Targets have different interpolation schemes.')
5101 rates = set([t.sample_rate for t in targets])
5102 if len(rates) > 1:
5103 raise BadRequest('Targets have different sample rates.')
5105 store_ = self.get_store(target.store_id)
5106 receivers = [t.receiver(store_) for t in targets]
5108 if target.sample_rate is not None:
5109 deltat = 1. / target.sample_rate
5110 rate = target.sample_rate
5111 else:
5112 deltat = None
5113 rate = store_.config.sample_rate
5115 tmin = num.fromiter(
5116 (t.tmin for t in targets), dtype=float, count=len(targets))
5117 tmax = num.fromiter(
5118 (t.tmax for t in targets), dtype=float, count=len(targets))
5120 itmin = num.floor(tmin * rate).astype(num.int64)
5121 itmax = num.ceil(tmax * rate).astype(num.int64)
5122 nsamples = itmax - itmin + 1
5124 mask = num.isnan(tmin)
5125 itmin[mask] = 0
5126 nsamples[mask] = -1
5128 base_source = self._cached_discretize_basesource(
5129 source, store_, dsource_cache, target)
5131 base_seismograms = store_.calc_seismograms(
5132 base_source, receivers, components,
5133 deltat=deltat,
5134 itmin=itmin, nsamples=nsamples,
5135 interpolation=target.interpolation,
5136 optimization=target.optimization,
5137 nthreads=nthreads)
5139 for i, base_seismogram in enumerate(base_seismograms):
5140 base_seismograms[i] = store.make_same_span(base_seismogram)
5142 return base_seismograms
5144 def base_seismogram(self, source, target, components, dsource_cache,
5145 nthreads):
5147 tcounters = [xtime()]
5149 store_ = self.get_store(target.store_id)
5150 receiver = target.receiver(store_)
5152 if target.tmin and target.tmax is not None:
5153 rate = store_.config.sample_rate
5154 itmin = int(num.floor(target.tmin * rate))
5155 itmax = int(num.ceil(target.tmax * rate))
5156 nsamples = itmax - itmin + 1
5157 else:
5158 itmin = None
5159 nsamples = None
5161 tcounters.append(xtime())
5162 base_source = self._cached_discretize_basesource(
5163 source, store_, dsource_cache, target)
5165 tcounters.append(xtime())
5167 if target.sample_rate is not None:
5168 deltat = 1. / target.sample_rate
5169 else:
5170 deltat = None
5172 base_seismogram = store_.seismogram(
5173 base_source, receiver, components,
5174 deltat=deltat,
5175 itmin=itmin, nsamples=nsamples,
5176 interpolation=target.interpolation,
5177 optimization=target.optimization,
5178 nthreads=nthreads)
5180 tcounters.append(xtime())
5182 base_seismogram = store.make_same_span(base_seismogram)
5184 tcounters.append(xtime())
5186 return base_seismogram, tcounters
5188 def base_statics(self, source, target, components, nthreads):
5189 tcounters = [xtime()]
5190 store_ = self.get_store(target.store_id)
5192 if target.tsnapshot is not None:
5193 rate = store_.config.sample_rate
5194 itsnapshot = int(num.floor(target.tsnapshot * rate))
5195 else:
5196 itsnapshot = None
5197 tcounters.append(xtime())
5199 base_source = source.discretize_basesource(store_, target=target)
5201 tcounters.append(xtime())
5203 base_statics = store_.statics(
5204 base_source,
5205 target,
5206 itsnapshot,
5207 components,
5208 target.interpolation,
5209 nthreads)
5211 tcounters.append(xtime())
5213 return base_statics, tcounters
5215 def _post_process_dynamic(self, base_seismogram, source, target):
5216 base_any = next(iter(base_seismogram.values()))
5217 deltat = base_any.deltat
5218 itmin = base_any.itmin
5220 rule = self.get_rule(source, target)
5221 data = rule.apply_(target, base_seismogram)
5223 factor = source.get_factor() * target.get_factor()
5224 if factor != 1.0:
5225 data = data * factor
5227 stf = source.effective_stf_post()
5229 times, amplitudes = stf.discretize_t(
5230 deltat, 0.0)
5232 # repeat end point to prevent boundary effects
5233 padded_data = num.empty(data.size + amplitudes.size, dtype=float)
5234 padded_data[:data.size] = data
5235 padded_data[data.size:] = data[-1]
5236 data = num.convolve(amplitudes, padded_data)
5238 tmin = itmin * deltat + times[0]
5240 tr = meta.SeismosizerTrace(
5241 codes=target.codes,
5242 data=data[:-amplitudes.size],
5243 deltat=deltat,
5244 tmin=tmin)
5246 return target.post_process(self, source, tr)
5248 def _post_process_statics(self, base_statics, source, starget):
5249 rule = self.get_rule(source, starget)
5250 data = rule.apply_(starget, base_statics)
5252 factor = source.get_factor()
5253 if factor != 1.0:
5254 for v in data.values():
5255 v *= factor
5257 return starget.post_process(self, source, base_statics)
5259 def process(self, *args, **kwargs):
5260 '''
5261 Process a request.
5263 ::
5265 process(**kwargs)
5266 process(request, **kwargs)
5267 process(sources, targets, **kwargs)
5269 The request can be given a a :py:class:`Request` object, or such an
5270 object is created using ``Request(**kwargs)`` for convenience.
5272 :returns: :py:class:`Response` object
5273 '''
5275 if len(args) not in (0, 1, 2):
5276 raise BadRequest('Invalid arguments.')
5278 if len(args) == 1:
5279 kwargs['request'] = args[0]
5281 elif len(args) == 2:
5282 kwargs.update(Request.args2kwargs(args))
5284 request = kwargs.pop('request', None)
5285 status_callback = kwargs.pop('status_callback', None)
5286 calc_timeseries = kwargs.pop('calc_timeseries', True)
5288 nprocs = kwargs.pop('nprocs', None)
5289 nthreads = kwargs.pop('nthreads', 1)
5290 if nprocs is not None:
5291 nthreads = nprocs
5293 if request is None:
5294 request = Request(**kwargs)
5296 if resource:
5297 rs0 = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF)
5298 rc0 = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_CHILDREN)
5299 tt0 = xtime()
5301 # make sure stores are open before fork()
5302 store_ids = set(target.store_id for target in request.targets)
5303 for store_id in store_ids:
5304 self.get_store(store_id)
5306 source_index = dict((x, i) for (i, x) in
5307 enumerate(request.sources))
5308 target_index = dict((x, i) for (i, x) in
5309 enumerate(request.targets))
5311 m = request.subrequest_map()
5313 skeys = sorted(m.keys(), key=cmp_to_key(cmp_none_aware))
5314 results_list = []
5316 for i in range(len(request.sources)):
5317 results_list.append([None] * len(request.targets))
5319 tcounters_dyn_list = []
5320 tcounters_static_list = []
5321 nsub = len(skeys)
5322 isub = 0
5324 # Processing dynamic targets through
5325 # parimap(process_subrequest_dynamic)
5327 if calc_timeseries:
5328 _process_dynamic = process_dynamic_timeseries
5329 else:
5330 _process_dynamic = process_dynamic
5332 if request.has_dynamic:
5333 work_dynamic = [
5334 (i, nsub,
5335 [source_index[source] for source in m[k][0]],
5336 [target_index[target] for target in m[k][1]
5337 if not isinstance(target, StaticTarget)])
5338 for (i, k) in enumerate(skeys)]
5340 for ii_results, tcounters_dyn in _process_dynamic(
5341 work_dynamic, request.sources, request.targets, self,
5342 nthreads):
5344 tcounters_dyn_list.append(num.diff(tcounters_dyn))
5345 isource, itarget, result = ii_results
5346 results_list[isource][itarget] = result
5348 if status_callback:
5349 status_callback(isub, nsub)
5351 isub += 1
5353 # Processing static targets through process_static
5354 if request.has_statics:
5355 work_static = [
5356 (i, nsub,
5357 [source_index[source] for source in m[k][0]],
5358 [target_index[target] for target in m[k][1]
5359 if isinstance(target, StaticTarget)])
5360 for (i, k) in enumerate(skeys)]
5362 for ii_results, tcounters_static in process_static(
5363 work_static, request.sources, request.targets, self,
5364 nthreads=nthreads):
5366 tcounters_static_list.append(num.diff(tcounters_static))
5367 isource, itarget, result = ii_results
5368 results_list[isource][itarget] = result
5370 if status_callback:
5371 status_callback(isub, nsub)
5373 isub += 1
5375 if status_callback:
5376 status_callback(nsub, nsub)
5378 tt1 = time.time()
5379 if resource:
5380 rs1 = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF)
5381 rc1 = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_CHILDREN)
5383 s = ProcessingStats()
5385 if request.has_dynamic:
5386 tcumu_dyn = num.sum(num.vstack(tcounters_dyn_list), axis=0)
5387 t_dyn = float(num.sum(tcumu_dyn))
5388 perc_dyn = map(float, tcumu_dyn / t_dyn * 100.)
5389 (s.t_perc_get_store_and_receiver,
5390 s.t_perc_discretize_source,
5391 s.t_perc_make_base_seismogram,
5392 s.t_perc_make_same_span,
5393 s.t_perc_post_process) = perc_dyn
5394 else:
5395 t_dyn = 0.
5397 if request.has_statics:
5398 tcumu_static = num.sum(num.vstack(tcounters_static_list), axis=0)
5399 t_static = num.sum(tcumu_static)
5400 perc_static = map(float, tcumu_static / t_static * 100.)
5401 (s.t_perc_static_get_store,
5402 s.t_perc_static_discretize_basesource,
5403 s.t_perc_static_sum_statics,
5404 s.t_perc_static_post_process) = perc_static
5406 s.t_wallclock = tt1 - tt0
5407 if resource:
5408 s.t_cpu = (
5409 (rs1.ru_utime + rs1.ru_stime + rc1.ru_utime + rc1.ru_stime) -
5410 (rs0.ru_utime + rs0.ru_stime + rc0.ru_utime + rc0.ru_stime))
5411 s.n_read_blocks = (
5412 (rs1.ru_inblock + rc1.ru_inblock) -
5413 (rs0.ru_inblock + rc0.ru_inblock))
5415 n_records_stacked = 0.
5416 for results in results_list:
5417 for result in results:
5418 if not isinstance(result, meta.Result):
5419 continue
5420 shr = float(result.n_shared_stacking)
5421 n_records_stacked += result.n_records_stacked / shr
5422 s.t_perc_optimize += result.t_optimize / shr
5423 s.t_perc_stack += result.t_stack / shr
5424 s.n_records_stacked = int(n_records_stacked)
5425 if t_dyn != 0.:
5426 s.t_perc_optimize /= t_dyn * 100
5427 s.t_perc_stack /= t_dyn * 100
5429 return Response(
5430 request=request,
5431 results_list=results_list,
5432 stats=s)
5435class RemoteEngine(Engine):
5436 '''
5437 Client for remote synthetic seismogram calculator.
5438 '''
5440 site = String.T(default=ws.g_default_site, optional=True)
5441 url = String.T(default=ws.g_url, optional=True)
5443 def process(self, request=None, status_callback=None, **kwargs):
5445 if request is None:
5446 request = Request(**kwargs)
5448 return ws.seismosizer(url=self.url, site=self.site, request=request)
5451g_engine = None
5454def get_engine(store_superdirs=[]):
5455 global g_engine
5456 if g_engine is None:
5457 g_engine = LocalEngine(use_env=True, use_config=True)
5459 for d in store_superdirs:
5460 if d not in g_engine.store_superdirs:
5461 g_engine.store_superdirs.append(d)
5463 return g_engine
5466class SourceGroup(Object):
5468 def __getattr__(self, k):
5469 return num.fromiter((getattr(s, k) for s in self),
5470 dtype=float)
5472 def __iter__(self):
5473 raise NotImplementedError(
5474 'This method should be implemented in subclass.')
5476 def __len__(self):
5477 raise NotImplementedError(
5478 'This method should be implemented in subclass.')
5481class SourceList(SourceGroup):
5482 sources = List.T(Source.T())
5484 def append(self, s):
5485 self.sources.append(s)
5487 def __iter__(self):
5488 return iter(self.sources)
5490 def __len__(self):
5491 return len(self.sources)
5494class SourceGrid(SourceGroup):
5496 base = Source.T()
5497 variables = Dict.T(String.T(), Range.T())
5498 order = List.T(String.T())
5500 def __len__(self):
5501 n = 1
5502 for (k, v) in self.make_coords(self.base):
5503 n *= len(list(v))
5505 return n
5507 def __iter__(self):
5508 for items in permudef(self.make_coords(self.base)):
5509 s = self.base.clone(**{k: v for (k, v) in items})
5510 s.regularize()
5511 yield s
5513 def ordered_params(self):
5514 ks = list(self.variables.keys())
5515 for k in self.order + list(self.base.keys()):
5516 if k in ks:
5517 yield k
5518 ks.remove(k)
5519 if ks:
5520 raise Exception('Invalid parameter "%s" for source type "%s".' %
5521 (ks[0], self.base.__class__.__name__))
5523 def make_coords(self, base):
5524 return [(param, self.variables[param].make(base=base[param]))
5525 for param in self.ordered_params()]
5528source_classes = [
5529 Source,
5530 SourceWithMagnitude,
5531 SourceWithDerivedMagnitude,
5532 ExplosionSource,
5533 RectangularExplosionSource,
5534 DCSource,
5535 CLVDSource,
5536 VLVDSource,
5537 MTSource,
5538 RectangularSource,
5539 PseudoDynamicRupture,
5540 DoubleDCSource,
5541 RingfaultSource,
5542 CombiSource,
5543 SFSource,
5544 PorePressurePointSource,
5545 PorePressureLineSource,
5546]
5548stf_classes = [
5549 STF,
5550 BoxcarSTF,
5551 TriangularSTF,
5552 HalfSinusoidSTF,
5553 ResonatorSTF,
5554]
5556__all__ = '''
5557SeismosizerError
5558BadRequest
5559NoSuchStore
5560DerivedMagnitudeError
5561STFMode
5562'''.split() + [S.__name__ for S in source_classes + stf_classes] + '''
5563Request
5564ProcessingStats
5565Response
5566Engine
5567LocalEngine
5568RemoteEngine
5569source_classes
5570get_engine
5571Range
5572SourceGroup
5573SourceList
5574SourceGrid
5575map_anchor
5576'''.split()