1# http://pyrocko.org - GPLv3
2#
3# The Pyrocko Developers, 21st Century
4# ---|P------/S----------~Lg----------
6'''
10.. _coordinate-system-names:
12Coordinate systems
13..................
15Coordinate system names commonly used in source models.
17================= ============================================
18Name Description
19================= ============================================
20``'xyz'`` northing, easting, depth in [m]
21``'xy'`` northing, easting in [m]
22``'latlon'`` latitude, longitude in [deg]
23``'lonlat'`` longitude, latitude in [deg]
24``'latlondepth'`` latitude, longitude in [deg], depth in [m]
25================= ============================================
26'''
29from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
31from collections import defaultdict
32from functools import cmp_to_key
33import time
34import math
35import os
36import re
37import logging
38try:
39 import resource
40except ImportError:
41 resource = None
42from hashlib import sha1
44import numpy as num
45from scipy.interpolate import RegularGridInterpolator
47from pyrocko.guts import (Object, Float, String, StringChoice, List,
48 Timestamp, Int, SObject, ArgumentError, Dict,
49 ValidationError, Bool)
50from pyrocko.guts_array import Array
52from pyrocko import moment_tensor as pmt
53from pyrocko import trace, util, config, model, eikonal_ext
54from pyrocko.orthodrome import ne_to_latlon
55from pyrocko.model import Location
56from pyrocko.modelling import OkadaSource, make_okada_coefficient_matrix, \
57 okada_ext, invert_fault_dislocations_bem
59from . import meta, store, ws
60from .tractions import TractionField, DirectedTractions
61from .targets import Target, StaticTarget, SatelliteTarget
63pjoin = os.path.join
65guts_prefix = 'pf'
67d2r = math.pi / 180.
68r2d = 180. / math.pi
69km = 1e3
71logger = logging.getLogger('pyrocko.gf.seismosizer')
74def cmp_none_aware(a, b):
75 if isinstance(a, tuple) and isinstance(b, tuple):
76 for xa, xb in zip(a, b):
77 rv = cmp_none_aware(xa, xb)
78 if rv != 0:
79 return rv
81 return 0
83 anone = a is None
84 bnone = b is None
86 if anone and bnone:
87 return 0
89 if anone:
90 return -1
92 if bnone:
93 return 1
95 return bool(a > b) - bool(a < b)
98def xtime():
99 return time.time()
102class SeismosizerError(Exception):
103 pass
106class BadRequest(SeismosizerError):
107 pass
110class DuplicateStoreId(Exception):
111 pass
114class NoDefaultStoreSet(Exception):
115 pass
118class ConversionError(Exception):
119 pass
122class NoSuchStore(BadRequest):
124 def __init__(self, store_id=None, dirs=None):
125 BadRequest.__init__(self)
126 self.store_id = store_id
127 self.dirs = dirs
129 def __str__(self):
130 if self.store_id is not None:
131 rstr = 'no GF store with id "%s" found.' % self.store_id
132 else:
133 rstr = 'GF store not found.'
135 if self.dirs is not None:
136 rstr += ' Searched folders:\n %s' % '\n '.join(sorted(self.dirs))
137 return rstr
140def ufloat(s):
141 units = {
142 'k': 1e3,
143 'M': 1e6,
144 }
146 factor = 1.0
147 if s and s[-1] in units:
148 factor = units[s[-1]]
149 s = s[:-1]
150 if not s:
151 raise ValueError('unit without a number: \'%s\'' % s)
153 return float(s) * factor
156def ufloat_or_none(s):
157 if s:
158 return ufloat(s)
159 else:
160 return None
163def int_or_none(s):
164 if s:
165 return int(s)
166 else:
167 return None
170def nonzero(x, eps=1e-15):
171 return abs(x) > eps
174def permudef(ln, j=0):
175 if j < len(ln):
176 k, v = ln[j]
177 for y in v:
178 ln[j] = k, y
179 for s in permudef(ln, j + 1):
180 yield s
182 ln[j] = k, v
183 return
184 else:
185 yield ln
188def arr(x):
189 return num.atleast_1d(num.asarray(x))
192def discretize_rect_source(deltas, deltat, time, north, east, depth,
193 strike, dip, length, width,
194 anchor, velocity=None, stf=None,
195 nucleation_x=None, nucleation_y=None,
196 decimation_factor=1, pointsonly=False,
197 plane_coords=False,
198 aggressive_oversampling=False):
200 if stf is None:
201 stf = STF()
203 if not velocity and not pointsonly:
204 raise AttributeError('velocity is required in time mode')
206 mindeltagf = float(num.min(deltas))
207 if velocity:
208 mindeltagf = min(mindeltagf, deltat * velocity)
210 ln = length
211 wd = width
213 if aggressive_oversampling:
214 nl = int((2. / decimation_factor) * num.ceil(ln / mindeltagf)) + 1
215 nw = int((2. / decimation_factor) * num.ceil(wd / mindeltagf)) + 1
216 else:
217 nl = int((1. / decimation_factor) * num.ceil(ln / mindeltagf)) + 1
218 nw = int((1. / decimation_factor) * num.ceil(wd / mindeltagf)) + 1
220 n = int(nl * nw)
222 dl = ln / nl
223 dw = wd / nw
225 xl = num.linspace(-0.5 * (ln - dl), 0.5 * (ln - dl), nl)
226 xw = num.linspace(-0.5 * (wd - dw), 0.5 * (wd - dw), nw)
228 points = num.zeros((n, 3), dtype=num.float)
229 points[:, 0] = num.tile(xl, nw)
230 points[:, 1] = num.repeat(xw, nl)
232 if nucleation_x is not None:
233 dist_x = num.abs(nucleation_x - points[:, 0])
234 else:
235 dist_x = num.zeros(n)
237 if nucleation_y is not None:
238 dist_y = num.abs(nucleation_y - points[:, 1])
239 else:
240 dist_y = num.zeros(n)
242 dist = num.sqrt(dist_x**2 + dist_y**2)
243 times = dist / velocity
245 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[anchor]
247 points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * length
248 points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * width
250 if plane_coords:
251 return points, dl, dw, nl, nw
253 rotmat = num.asarray(
254 pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0))
255 points = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
257 points[:, 0] += north
258 points[:, 1] += east
259 points[:, 2] += depth
261 if pointsonly:
262 return points, dl, dw, nl, nw
264 xtau, amplitudes = stf.discretize_t(deltat, time)
265 nt = xtau.size
267 points2 = num.repeat(points, nt, axis=0)
268 times2 = (times[:, num.newaxis] + xtau[num.newaxis, :]).ravel()
269 amplitudes2 = num.tile(amplitudes, n)
271 return points2, times2, amplitudes2, dl, dw, nl, nw
274def check_rect_source_discretisation(points2, nl, nw, store):
275 # We assume a non-rotated fault plane
276 N_CRITICAL = 8
277 points = points2.T.reshape((3, nl, nw))
278 if points.size <= N_CRITICAL:
279 logger.warning('RectangularSource is defined by only %d sub-sources!'
280 % points.size)
281 return True
283 distances = num.sqrt(
284 (points[0, 0, :] - points[0, 1, :])**2 +
285 (points[1, 0, :] - points[1, 1, :])**2 +
286 (points[2, 0, :] - points[2, 1, :])**2)
288 depths = points[2, 0, :]
289 vs_profile = store.config.get_vs(
290 lat=0., lon=0.,
291 points=num.repeat(depths[:, num.newaxis], 3, axis=1),
292 interpolation='multilinear')
294 min_wavelength = vs_profile * (store.config.deltat * 2)
295 if not num.all(min_wavelength > distances / 2):
296 return False
297 return True
300def outline_rect_source(strike, dip, length, width, anchor):
301 ln = length
302 wd = width
303 points = num.array(
304 [[-0.5 * ln, -0.5 * wd, 0.],
305 [0.5 * ln, -0.5 * wd, 0.],
306 [0.5 * ln, 0.5 * wd, 0.],
307 [-0.5 * ln, 0.5 * wd, 0.],
308 [-0.5 * ln, -0.5 * wd, 0.]])
310 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[anchor]
311 points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * length
312 points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * width
314 rotmat = num.asarray(
315 pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0))
317 return num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
320def from_plane_coords(
321 strike, dip, length, width, depth, x_plane_coords, y_plane_coords,
322 lat=0., lon=0.,
323 north_shift=0, east_shift=0,
324 anchor='top', cs='xy'):
326 ln = length
327 wd = width
328 x_abs = []
329 y_abs = []
330 if not isinstance(x_plane_coords, list):
331 x_plane_coords = [x_plane_coords]
332 y_plane_coords = [y_plane_coords]
334 for x_plane, y_plane in zip(x_plane_coords, y_plane_coords):
335 points = num.array(
336 [[-0.5 * ln * x_plane, -0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
337 [0.5 * ln * x_plane, -0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
338 [0.5 * ln * x_plane, 0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
339 [-0.5 * ln * x_plane, 0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
340 [-0.5 * ln * x_plane, -0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.]])
342 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[anchor]
343 points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * length
344 points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * width
346 rotmat = num.asarray(
347 pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0))
349 points = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
350 points[:, 0] += north_shift
351 points[:, 1] += east_shift
352 points[:, 2] += depth
353 if cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat'):
354 latlon = ne_to_latlon(lat, lon,
355 points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
356 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
357 x_abs.append(latlon[1:2, 1])
358 y_abs.append(latlon[2:3, 0])
359 if cs == 'xy':
360 x_abs.append(points[1:2, 1])
361 y_abs.append(points[2:3, 0])
363 if cs == 'lonlat':
364 return y_abs, x_abs
365 else:
366 return x_abs, y_abs
369def points_on_rect_source(
370 strike, dip, length, width, anchor,
371 discretized_basesource=None, points_x=None, points_y=None):
373 ln = length
374 wd = width
376 if isinstance(points_x, list) or isinstance(points_x, float):
377 points_x = num.array([points_x])
378 if isinstance(points_y, list) or isinstance(points_y, float):
379 points_y = num.array([points_y])
381 if discretized_basesource:
382 ds = discretized_basesource
384 nl_patches = ds.nl + 1
385 nw_patches = ds.nw + 1
387 npoints = nl_patches * nw_patches
388 points = num.zeros((npoints, 3))
389 ln_patches = num.array([il for il in range(nl_patches)])
390 wd_patches = num.array([iw for iw in range(nw_patches)])
392 points_ln =\
393 2 * ((ln_patches - num.min(ln_patches)) / num.ptp(ln_patches)) - 1
394 points_wd =\
395 2 * ((wd_patches - num.min(wd_patches)) / num.ptp(wd_patches)) - 1
397 for il in range(nl_patches):
398 for iw in range(nw_patches):
399 points[il * nw_patches + iw, :] = num.array([
400 points_ln[il] * ln * 0.5,
401 points_wd[iw] * wd * 0.5, 0.0])
403 elif points_x.any() and points_y.any():
404 points = num.zeros(shape=((len(points_x), 3)))
405 for i, (x, y) in enumerate(zip(points_x, points_y)):
406 points[i, :] = num.array(
407 [x * 0.5 * ln, y * 0.5 * wd, 0.0])
409 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[anchor]
411 points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * ln
412 points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * wd
414 rotmat = num.asarray(
415 pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0))
417 return num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
420class InvalidGridDef(Exception):
421 pass
424class Range(SObject):
425 '''
426 Convenient range specification.
428 Equivalent ways to sepecify the range [ 0., 1000., ... 10000. ]::
430 Range('0 .. 10k : 1k')
431 Range(start=0., stop=10e3, step=1e3)
432 Range(0, 10e3, 1e3)
433 Range('0 .. 10k @ 11')
434 Range(start=0., stop=10*km, n=11)
436 Range(0, 10e3, n=11)
437 Range(values=[x*1e3 for x in range(11)])
439 Depending on the use context, it can be possible to omit any part of the
440 specification. E.g. in the context of extracting a subset of an already
441 existing range, the existing range's specification values would be filled
442 in where missing.
444 The values are distributed with equal spacing, unless the ``spacing``
445 argument is modified. The values can be created offset or relative to an
446 external base value with the ``relative`` argument if the use context
447 supports this.
449 The range specification can be expressed with a short string
450 representation::
452 'start .. stop @ num | spacing, relative'
453 'start .. stop : step | spacing, relative'
455 most parts of the expression can be omitted if not needed. Whitespace is
456 allowed for readability but can also be omitted.
457 '''
459 start = Float.T(optional=True)
460 stop = Float.T(optional=True)
461 step = Float.T(optional=True)
462 n = Int.T(optional=True)
463 values = Array.T(optional=True, dtype=float, shape=(None,))
465 spacing = StringChoice.T(
466 choices=['lin', 'log', 'symlog'],
467 default='lin',
468 optional=True)
470 relative = StringChoice.T(
471 choices=['', 'add', 'mult'],
472 default='',
473 optional=True)
475 pattern = re.compile(r'^((?P<start>.*)\.\.(?P<stop>[^@|:]*))?'
476 r'(@(?P<n>[^|]+)|:(?P<step>[^|]+))?'
477 r'(\|(?P<stuff>.+))?$')
479 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
480 d = {}
481 if len(args) == 1:
482 d = self.parse(args[0])
483 elif len(args) in (2, 3):
484 d['start'], d['stop'] = [float(x) for x in args[:2]]
485 if len(args) == 3:
486 d['step'] = float(args[2])
488 for k, v in kwargs.items():
489 if k in d:
490 raise ArgumentError('%s specified more than once' % k)
492 d[k] = v
494 SObject.__init__(self, **d)
496 def __str__(self):
497 def sfloat(x):
498 if x is not None:
499 return '%g' % x
500 else:
501 return ''
503 if self.values:
504 return ','.join('%g' % x for x in self.values)
506 if self.start is None and self.stop is None:
507 s0 = ''
508 else:
509 s0 = '%s .. %s' % (sfloat(self.start), sfloat(self.stop))
511 s1 = ''
512 if self.step is not None:
513 s1 = [' : %g', ':%g'][s0 == ''] % self.step
514 elif self.n is not None:
515 s1 = [' @ %i', '@%i'][s0 == ''] % self.n
517 if self.spacing == 'lin' and self.relative == '':
518 s2 = ''
519 else:
520 x = []
521 if self.spacing != 'lin':
522 x.append(self.spacing)
524 if self.relative != '':
525 x.append(self.relative)
527 s2 = ' | %s' % ','.join(x)
529 return s0 + s1 + s2
531 @classmethod
532 def parse(cls, s):
533 s = re.sub(r'\s+', '', s)
534 m = cls.pattern.match(s)
535 if not m:
536 try:
537 vals = [ufloat(x) for x in s.split(',')]
538 except Exception:
539 raise InvalidGridDef(
540 '"%s" is not a valid range specification' % s)
542 return dict(values=num.array(vals, dtype=float))
544 d = m.groupdict()
545 try:
546 start = ufloat_or_none(d['start'])
547 stop = ufloat_or_none(d['stop'])
548 step = ufloat_or_none(d['step'])
549 n = int_or_none(d['n'])
550 except Exception:
551 raise InvalidGridDef(
552 '"%s" is not a valid range specification' % s)
554 spacing = 'lin'
555 relative = ''
557 if d['stuff'] is not None:
558 t = d['stuff'].split(',')
559 for x in t:
560 if x in cls.spacing.choices:
561 spacing = x
562 elif x and x in cls.relative.choices:
563 relative = x
564 else:
565 raise InvalidGridDef(
566 '"%s" is not a valid range specification' % s)
568 return dict(start=start, stop=stop, step=step, n=n, spacing=spacing,
569 relative=relative)
571 def make(self, mi=None, ma=None, inc=None, base=None, eps=1e-5):
572 if self.values:
573 return self.values
575 start = self.start
576 stop = self.stop
577 step = self.step
578 n = self.n
580 swap = step is not None and step < 0.
581 if start is None:
582 start = [mi, ma][swap]
583 if stop is None:
584 stop = [ma, mi][swap]
585 if step is None and inc is not None:
586 step = [inc, -inc][ma < mi]
588 if start is None or stop is None:
589 raise InvalidGridDef(
590 'Cannot use range specification "%s" without start '
591 'and stop in this context' % self)
593 if step is None and n is None:
594 step = stop - start
596 if n is None:
597 if (step < 0) != (stop - start < 0):
598 raise InvalidGridDef(
599 'Range specification "%s" has inconsistent ordering '
600 '(step < 0 => stop > start)' % self)
602 n = int(round((stop - start) / step)) + 1
603 stop2 = start + (n - 1) * step
604 if abs(stop - stop2) > eps:
605 n = int(math.floor((stop - start) / step)) + 1
606 stop = start + (n - 1) * step
607 else:
608 stop = stop2
610 if start == stop:
611 n = 1
613 if self.spacing == 'lin':
614 vals = num.linspace(start, stop, n)
616 elif self.spacing in ('log', 'symlog'):
617 if start > 0. and stop > 0.:
618 vals = num.exp(num.linspace(num.log(start),
619 num.log(stop), n))
620 elif start < 0. and stop < 0.:
621 vals = -num.exp(num.linspace(num.log(-start),
622 num.log(-stop), n))
623 else:
624 raise InvalidGridDef(
625 'Log ranges should not include or cross zero '
626 '(in range specification "%s").' % self)
628 if self.spacing == 'symlog':
629 nvals = - vals
630 vals = num.concatenate((nvals[::-1], vals))
632 if self.relative in ('add', 'mult') and base is None:
633 raise InvalidGridDef(
634 'Cannot use relative range specification in this context.')
636 vals = self.make_relative(base, vals)
638 return list(map(float, vals))
640 def make_relative(self, base, vals):
641 if self.relative == 'add':
642 vals += base
644 if self.relative == 'mult':
645 vals *= base
647 return vals
650class GridDefElement(Object):
652 param = meta.StringID.T()
653 rs = Range.T()
655 def __init__(self, shorthand=None, **kwargs):
656 if shorthand is not None:
657 t = shorthand.split('=')
658 if len(t) != 2:
659 raise InvalidGridDef(
660 'Invalid grid specification element: %s' % shorthand)
662 sp, sr = t[0].strip(), t[1].strip()
664 kwargs['param'] = sp
665 kwargs['rs'] = Range(sr)
667 Object.__init__(self, **kwargs)
669 def shorthand(self):
670 return self.param + ' = ' + str(self.rs)
673class GridDef(Object):
675 elements = List.T(GridDefElement.T())
677 def __init__(self, shorthand=None, **kwargs):
678 if shorthand is not None:
679 t = shorthand.splitlines()
680 tt = []
681 for x in t:
682 x = x.strip()
683 if x:
684 tt.extend(x.split(';'))
686 elements = []
687 for se in tt:
688 elements.append(GridDef(se))
690 kwargs['elements'] = elements
692 Object.__init__(self, **kwargs)
694 def shorthand(self):
695 return '; '.join(str(x) for x in self.elements)
698class Cloneable(object):
700 def __iter__(self):
701 return iter(self.T.propnames)
703 def __getitem__(self, k):
704 if k not in self.keys():
705 raise KeyError(k)
707 return getattr(self, k)
709 def __setitem__(self, k, v):
710 if k not in self.keys():
711 raise KeyError(k)
713 return setattr(self, k, v)
715 def clone(self, **kwargs):
716 '''
717 Make a copy of the object.
719 A new object of the same class is created and initialized with the
720 parameters of the object on which this method is called on. If
721 ``kwargs`` are given, these are used to override any of the
722 initialization parameters.
723 '''
725 d = dict(self)
726 for k in d:
727 v = d[k]
728 if isinstance(v, Cloneable):
729 d[k] = v.clone()
731 d.update(kwargs)
732 return self.__class__(**d)
734 @classmethod
735 def keys(cls):
736 '''
737 Get list of the source model's parameter names.
738 '''
740 return cls.T.propnames
743class STF(Object, Cloneable):
745 '''
746 Base class for source time functions.
747 '''
749 def __init__(self, effective_duration=None, **kwargs):
750 if effective_duration is not None:
751 kwargs['duration'] = effective_duration / \
752 self.factor_duration_to_effective()
754 Object.__init__(self, **kwargs)
756 @classmethod
757 def factor_duration_to_effective(cls):
758 return 1.0
760 def centroid_time(self, tref):
761 return tref
763 @property
764 def effective_duration(self):
765 return self.duration * self.factor_duration_to_effective()
767 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
768 tl = math.floor(tref / deltat) * deltat
769 th = math.ceil(tref / deltat) * deltat
770 if tl == th:
771 return num.array([tl], dtype=float), num.ones(1)
772 else:
773 return (
774 num.array([tl, th], dtype=float),
775 num.array([th - tref, tref - tl], dtype=float) / deltat)
777 def base_key(self):
778 return (type(self).__name__,)
781g_unit_pulse = STF()
784def sshift(times, amplitudes, tshift, deltat):
786 t0 = math.floor(tshift / deltat) * deltat
787 t1 = math.ceil(tshift / deltat) * deltat
788 if t0 == t1:
789 return times, amplitudes
791 amplitudes2 = num.zeros(amplitudes.size + 1, dtype=float)
793 amplitudes2[:-1] += (t1 - tshift) / deltat * amplitudes
794 amplitudes2[1:] += (tshift - t0) / deltat * amplitudes
796 times2 = num.arange(times.size + 1, dtype=float) * \
797 deltat + times[0] + t0
799 return times2, amplitudes2
802class BoxcarSTF(STF):
804 '''
805 Boxcar type source time function.
807 .. figure :: /static/stf-BoxcarSTF.svg
808 :width: 40%
809 :align: center
810 :alt: boxcar source time function
811 '''
813 duration = Float.T(
814 default=0.0,
815 help='duration of the boxcar')
817 anchor = Float.T(
818 default=0.0,
819 help='anchor point with respect to source.time: ('
820 '-1.0: left -> source duration [0, T] ~ hypocenter time, '
821 ' 0.0: center -> source duration [-T/2, T/2] ~ centroid time, '
822 '+1.0: right -> source duration [-T, 0] ~ rupture end time)')
824 @classmethod
825 def factor_duration_to_effective(cls):
826 return 1.0
828 def centroid_time(self, tref):
829 return tref - 0.5 * self.duration * self.anchor
831 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
832 tmin_stf = tref - self.duration * (self.anchor + 1.) * 0.5
833 tmax_stf = tref + self.duration * (1. - self.anchor) * 0.5
834 tmin = round(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
835 tmax = round(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
836 nt = int(round((tmax - tmin) / deltat)) + 1
837 times = num.linspace(tmin, tmax, nt)
838 amplitudes = num.ones_like(times)
839 if times.size > 1:
840 t_edges = num.linspace(
841 tmin - 0.5 * deltat, tmax + 0.5 * deltat, nt + 1)
842 t = tmin_stf + self.duration * num.array(
843 [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0], dtype=float)
844 f = num.array([0., 1., 1., 0.], dtype=float)
845 amplitudes = util.plf_integrate_piecewise(t_edges, t, f)
846 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
848 tshift = (num.sum(amplitudes * times) - self.centroid_time(tref))
850 return sshift(times, amplitudes, -tshift, deltat)
852 def base_key(self):
853 return (type(self).__name__, self.duration, self.anchor)
856class TriangularSTF(STF):
858 '''
859 Triangular type source time function.
861 .. figure :: /static/stf-TriangularSTF.svg
862 :width: 40%
863 :align: center
864 :alt: triangular source time function
865 '''
867 duration = Float.T(
868 default=0.0,
869 help='baseline of the triangle')
871 peak_ratio = Float.T(
872 default=0.5,
873 help='fraction of time compared to duration, '
874 'when the maximum amplitude is reached')
876 anchor = Float.T(
877 default=0.0,
878 help='anchor point with respect to source.time: ('
879 '-1.0: left -> source duration [0, T] ~ hypocenter time, '
880 ' 0.0: center -> source duration [-T/2, T/2] ~ centroid time, '
881 '+1.0: right -> source duration [-T, 0] ~ rupture end time)')
883 @classmethod
884 def factor_duration_to_effective(cls, peak_ratio=None):
885 if peak_ratio is None:
886 peak_ratio = cls.peak_ratio.default()
888 return math.sqrt((peak_ratio**2 - peak_ratio + 1.0) * 2.0 / 3.0)
890 def __init__(self, effective_duration=None, **kwargs):
891 if effective_duration is not None:
892 kwargs['duration'] = effective_duration / \
893 self.factor_duration_to_effective(
894 kwargs.get('peak_ratio', None))
896 STF.__init__(self, **kwargs)
898 @property
899 def centroid_ratio(self):
900 ra = self.peak_ratio
901 rb = 1.0 - ra
902 return self.peak_ratio + (rb**2 / 3. - ra**2 / 3.) / (ra + rb)
904 def centroid_time(self, tref):
905 ca = self.centroid_ratio
906 cb = 1.0 - ca
907 if self.anchor <= 0.:
908 return tref - ca * self.duration * self.anchor
909 else:
910 return tref - cb * self.duration * self.anchor
912 @property
913 def effective_duration(self):
914 return self.duration * self.factor_duration_to_effective(
915 self.peak_ratio)
917 def tminmax_stf(self, tref):
918 ca = self.centroid_ratio
919 cb = 1.0 - ca
920 if self.anchor <= 0.:
921 tmin_stf = tref - ca * self.duration * (self.anchor + 1.)
922 tmax_stf = tmin_stf + self.duration
923 else:
924 tmax_stf = tref + cb * self.duration * (1. - self.anchor)
925 tmin_stf = tmax_stf - self.duration
927 return tmin_stf, tmax_stf
929 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
930 tmin_stf, tmax_stf = self.tminmax_stf(tref)
932 tmin = round(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
933 tmax = round(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
934 nt = int(round((tmax - tmin) / deltat)) + 1
935 if nt > 1:
936 t_edges = num.linspace(
937 tmin - 0.5 * deltat, tmax + 0.5 * deltat, nt + 1)
938 t = tmin_stf + self.duration * num.array(
939 [0.0, self.peak_ratio, 1.0], dtype=float)
940 f = num.array([0., 1., 0.], dtype=float)
941 amplitudes = util.plf_integrate_piecewise(t_edges, t, f)
942 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
943 else:
944 amplitudes = num.ones(1)
946 times = num.linspace(tmin, tmax, nt)
947 return times, amplitudes
949 def base_key(self):
950 return (
951 type(self).__name__, self.duration, self.peak_ratio, self.anchor)
954class HalfSinusoidSTF(STF):
956 '''
957 Half sinusoid type source time function.
959 .. figure :: /static/stf-HalfSinusoidSTF.svg
960 :width: 40%
961 :align: center
962 :alt: half-sinusouid source time function
963 '''
965 duration = Float.T(
966 default=0.0,
967 help='duration of the half-sinusoid (baseline)')
969 anchor = Float.T(
970 default=0.0,
971 help='anchor point with respect to source.time: ('
972 '-1.0: left -> source duration [0, T] ~ hypocenter time, '
973 ' 0.0: center -> source duration [-T/2, T/2] ~ centroid time, '
974 '+1.0: right -> source duration [-T, 0] ~ rupture end time)')
976 exponent = Int.T(
977 default=1,
978 help='set to 2 to use square of the half-period sinusoidal function.')
980 def __init__(self, effective_duration=None, **kwargs):
981 if effective_duration is not None:
982 kwargs['duration'] = effective_duration / \
983 self.factor_duration_to_effective(
984 kwargs.get('exponent', 1))
986 STF.__init__(self, **kwargs)
988 @classmethod
989 def factor_duration_to_effective(cls, exponent):
990 if exponent == 1:
991 return math.sqrt(3.0 * math.pi**2 - 24.0) / math.pi
992 elif exponent == 2:
993 return math.sqrt(math.pi**2 - 6) / math.pi
994 else:
995 raise ValueError('Exponent for HalfSinusoidSTF must be 1 or 2.')
997 @property
998 def effective_duration(self):
999 return self.duration * self.factor_duration_to_effective(self.exponent)
1001 def centroid_time(self, tref):
1002 return tref - 0.5 * self.duration * self.anchor
1004 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
1005 tmin_stf = tref - self.duration * (self.anchor + 1.) * 0.5
1006 tmax_stf = tref + self.duration * (1. - self.anchor) * 0.5
1007 tmin = round(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
1008 tmax = round(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
1009 nt = int(round((tmax - tmin) / deltat)) + 1
1010 if nt > 1:
1011 t_edges = num.maximum(tmin_stf, num.minimum(tmax_stf, num.linspace(
1012 tmin - 0.5 * deltat, tmax + 0.5 * deltat, nt + 1)))
1014 if self.exponent == 1:
1015 fint = -num.cos(
1016 (t_edges - tmin_stf) * (math.pi / self.duration))
1018 elif self.exponent == 2:
1019 fint = (t_edges - tmin_stf) / self.duration \
1020 - 1.0 / (2.0 * math.pi) * num.sin(
1021 (t_edges - tmin_stf) * (2.0 * math.pi / self.duration))
1022 else:
1023 raise ValueError(
1024 'Exponent for HalfSinusoidSTF must be 1 or 2.')
1026 amplitudes = fint[1:] - fint[:-1]
1027 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
1028 else:
1029 amplitudes = num.ones(1)
1031 times = num.linspace(tmin, tmax, nt)
1032 return times, amplitudes
1034 def base_key(self):
1035 return (type(self).__name__, self.duration, self.anchor)
1038class SmoothRampSTF(STF):
1039 '''
1040 Smooth-ramp type source time function for near-field displacement.
1041 Based on moment function of double-couple point source proposed by Bruestle
1042 and Mueller (PEPI, 1983).
1044 .. [1] W. Bruestle, G. Mueller (1983), Moment and duration of shallow
1045 earthquakes from Love-wave modelling for regional distances, PEPI 32,
1046 312-324.
1048 .. figure :: /static/stf-SmoothRampSTF.svg
1049 :width: 40%
1050 :alt: smooth ramp source time function
1051 '''
1052 duration = Float.T(
1053 default=0.0,
1054 help='duration of the ramp (baseline)')
1056 rise_ratio = Float.T(
1057 default=0.5,
1058 help='fraction of time compared to duration, '
1059 'when the maximum amplitude is reached')
1061 anchor = Float.T(
1062 default=0.0,
1063 help='anchor point with respect to source.time: ('
1064 '-1.0: left -> source duration ``[0, T]`` ~ hypocenter time, '
1065 '0.0: center -> source duration ``[-T/2, T/2]`` ~ centroid time, '
1066 '+1.0: right -> source duration ``[-T, 0]`` ~ rupture end time)')
1068 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
1069 tmin_stf = tref - self.duration * (self.anchor + 1.) * 0.5
1070 tmax_stf = tref + self.duration * (1. - self.anchor) * 0.5
1071 tmin = round(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
1072 tmax = round(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
1073 D = round((tmax - tmin) / deltat) * deltat
1074 nt = int(round(D / deltat)) + 1
1075 times = num.linspace(tmin, tmax, nt)
1076 if nt > 1:
1077 rise_time = self.rise_ratio * self.duration
1078 amplitudes = num.ones_like(times)
1079 tp = tmin + rise_time
1080 ii = num.where(times <= tp)
1081 t_inc = times[ii]
1082 a = num.cos(num.pi * (t_inc - tmin_stf) / rise_time)
1083 b = num.cos(3 * num.pi * (t_inc - tmin_stf) / rise_time) - 1.0
1084 amplitudes[ii] = (9. / 16.) * (1 - a + (1. / 9.) * b)
1086 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
1087 else:
1088 amplitudes = num.ones(1)
1090 return times, amplitudes
1092 def base_key(self):
1093 return (type(self).__name__,
1094 self.duration, self.rise_ratio, self.anchor)
1097class ResonatorSTF(STF):
1098 '''
1099 Simple resonator like source time function.
1101 .. math ::
1103 f(t) = 0 for t < 0
1104 f(t) = e^{-t/tau} * sin(2 * pi * f * t)
1107 .. figure :: /static/stf-SmoothRampSTF.svg
1108 :width: 40%
1109 :alt: smooth ramp source time function
1111 '''
1113 duration = Float.T(
1114 default=0.0,
1115 help='decay time')
1117 frequency = Float.T(
1118 default=1.0,
1119 help='resonance frequency')
1121 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
1122 tmin_stf = tref
1123 tmax_stf = tref + self.duration * 3
1124 tmin = math.floor(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
1125 tmax = math.ceil(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
1126 times = util.arange2(tmin, tmax, deltat)
1127 amplitudes = num.exp(-(times - tref) / self.duration) \
1128 * num.sin(2.0 * num.pi * self.frequency * (times - tref))
1130 return times, amplitudes
1132 def base_key(self):
1133 return (type(self).__name__,
1134 self.duration, self.frequency)
1137class STFMode(StringChoice):
1138 choices = ['pre', 'post']
1141class Source(Location, Cloneable):
1142 '''
1143 Base class for all source models.
1144 '''
1146 name = String.T(optional=True, default='')
1148 time = Timestamp.T(
1149 default=Timestamp.D('1970-01-01 00:00:00'),
1150 help='source origin time.')
1152 stf = STF.T(
1153 optional=True,
1154 help='source time function.')
1156 stf_mode = STFMode.T(
1157 default='post',
1158 help='whether to apply source time function in pre or '
1159 'post-processing.')
1161 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
1162 Location.__init__(self, **kwargs)
1164 def update(self, **kwargs):
1165 '''
1166 Change some of the source models parameters.
1168 Example::
1170 >>> from pyrocko import gf
1171 >>> s = gf.DCSource()
1172 >>> s.update(strike=66., dip=33.)
1173 >>> print(s)
1174 --- !pf.DCSource
1175 depth: 0.0
1176 time: 1970-01-01 00:00:00
1177 magnitude: 6.0
1178 strike: 66.0
1179 dip: 33.0
1180 rake: 0.0
1182 '''
1184 for (k, v) in kwargs.items():
1185 self[k] = v
1187 def grid(self, **variables):
1188 '''
1189 Create grid of source model variations.
1191 :returns: :py:class:`SourceGrid` instance.
1193 Example::
1195 >>> from pyrocko import gf
1196 >>> base = DCSource()
1197 >>> R = gf.Range
1198 >>> for s in base.grid(R('
1200 '''
1201 return SourceGrid(base=self, variables=variables)
1203 def base_key(self):
1204 '''
1205 Get key to decide about source discretization / GF stack sharing.
1207 When two source models differ only in amplitude and origin time, the
1208 discretization and the GF stacking can be done only once for a unit
1209 amplitude and a zero origin time and the amplitude and origin times of
1210 the seismograms can be applied during post-processing of the synthetic
1211 seismogram.
1213 For any derived parameterized source model, this method is called to
1214 decide if discretization and stacking of the source should be shared.
1215 When two source models return an equal vector of values discretization
1216 is shared.
1217 '''
1218 return (self.depth, self.lat, self.north_shift,
1219 self.lon, self.east_shift, self.time, type(self).__name__) + \
1220 self.effective_stf_pre().base_key()
1222 def get_factor(self):
1223 '''
1224 Get the scaling factor to be applied during post-processing.
1226 Discretization of the base seismogram is usually done for a unit
1227 amplitude, because a common factor can be efficiently multiplied to
1228 final seismograms. This eliminates to do repeat the stacking when
1229 creating seismograms for a series of source models only differing in
1230 amplitude.
1232 This method should return the scaling factor to apply in the
1233 post-processing (often this is simply the scalar moment of the source).
1234 '''
1236 return 1.0
1238 def effective_stf_pre(self):
1239 '''
1240 Return the STF applied before stacking of the Green's functions.
1242 This STF is used during discretization of the parameterized source
1243 models, i.e. to produce a temporal distribution of point sources.
1245 Handling of the STF before stacking of the GFs is less efficient but
1246 allows to use different source time functions for different parts of
1247 the source.
1248 '''
1250 if self.stf is not None and self.stf_mode == 'pre':
1251 return self.stf
1252 else:
1253 return g_unit_pulse
1255 def effective_stf_post(self):
1256 '''
1257 Return the STF applied after stacking of the Green's fuctions.
1259 This STF is used in the post-processing of the synthetic seismograms.
1261 Handling of the STF after stacking of the GFs is usually more efficient
1262 but is only possible when a common STF is used for all subsources.
1263 '''
1265 if self.stf is not None and self.stf_mode == 'post':
1266 return self.stf
1267 else:
1268 return g_unit_pulse
1270 def _dparams_base(self):
1271 return dict(times=arr(self.time),
1272 lat=self.lat, lon=self.lon,
1273 north_shifts=arr(self.north_shift),
1274 east_shifts=arr(self.east_shift),
1275 depths=arr(self.depth))
1277 def _hash(self):
1278 sha = sha1()
1279 for k in self.base_key():
1280 sha.update(str(k).encode())
1281 return sha.hexdigest()
1283 def _dparams_base_repeated(self, times):
1284 if times is None:
1285 return self._dparams_base()
1287 nt = times.size
1288 north_shifts = num.repeat(self.north_shift, nt)
1289 east_shifts = num.repeat(self.east_shift, nt)
1290 depths = num.repeat(self.depth, nt)
1291 return dict(times=times,
1292 lat=self.lat, lon=self.lon,
1293 north_shifts=north_shifts,
1294 east_shifts=east_shifts,
1295 depths=depths)
1297 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1298 duration = None
1299 if self.stf:
1300 duration = self.stf.effective_duration
1302 return model.Event(
1303 lat=self.lat,
1304 lon=self.lon,
1305 north_shift=self.north_shift,
1306 east_shift=self.east_shift,
1307 time=self.time,
1308 name=self.name,
1309 depth=self.depth,
1310 duration=duration,
1311 **kwargs)
1313 def outline(self, cs='xyz'):
1314 points = num.atleast_2d(num.zeros([1, 3]))
1316 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
1317 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
1318 points[:, 2] += self.depth
1319 if cs == 'xyz':
1320 return points
1321 elif cs == 'xy':
1322 return points[:, :2]
1323 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat'):
1324 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
1325 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
1327 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
1328 if cs == 'latlon':
1329 return latlon
1330 else:
1331 return latlon[:, ::-1]
1333 @classmethod
1334 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
1335 if ev.depth is None:
1336 raise ConversionError(
1337 'Cannot convert event object to source object: '
1338 'no depth information available')
1340 stf = None
1341 if ev.duration is not None:
1342 stf = HalfSinusoidSTF(effective_duration=ev.duration)
1344 d = dict(
1345 name=ev.name,
1346 time=ev.time,
1347 lat=ev.lat,
1348 lon=ev.lon,
1349 north_shift=ev.north_shift,
1350 east_shift=ev.east_shift,
1351 depth=ev.depth,
1352 stf=stf)
1353 d.update(kwargs)
1354 return cls(**d)
1356 def get_magnitude(self):
1357 raise NotImplementedError(
1358 '%s does not implement get_magnitude()'
1359 % self.__class__.__name__)
1362class SourceWithMagnitude(Source):
1363 '''
1364 Base class for sources containing a moment magnitude.
1365 '''
1367 magnitude = Float.T(
1368 default=6.0,
1369 help='Moment magnitude Mw as in [Hanks and Kanamori, 1979]')
1371 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
1372 if 'moment' in kwargs:
1373 mom = kwargs.pop('moment')
1374 if 'magnitude' not in kwargs:
1375 kwargs['magnitude'] = float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(mom))
1377 Source.__init__(self, **kwargs)
1379 @property
1380 def moment(self):
1381 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.magnitude))
1383 @moment.setter
1384 def moment(self, value):
1385 self.magnitude = float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(value))
1387 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1388 return Source.pyrocko_event(
1389 self, store, target,
1390 magnitude=self.magnitude,
1391 **kwargs)
1393 @classmethod
1394 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
1395 d = {}
1396 if ev.magnitude:
1397 d.update(magnitude=ev.magnitude)
1399 d.update(kwargs)
1400 return super(SourceWithMagnitude, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
1402 def get_magnitude(self):
1403 return self.magnitude
1406class DerivedMagnitudeError(ValidationError):
1407 pass
1410class SourceWithDerivedMagnitude(Source):
1412 class __T(Source.T):
1414 def validate_extra(self, val):
1415 Source.T.validate_extra(self, val)
1416 val.check_conflicts()
1418 def check_conflicts(self):
1419 '''
1420 Check for parameter conflicts.
1422 To be overloaded in subclasses. Raises :py:exc:`DerivedMagnitudeError`
1423 on conflicts.
1424 '''
1425 pass
1427 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
1428 raise DerivedMagnitudeError('No magnitude set.')
1430 def get_moment(self, store=None, target=None):
1431 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(
1432 self.get_magnitude(store, target)))
1434 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1435 raise NotImplementedError(
1436 '%s does not implement pyrocko_moment_tensor()'
1437 % self.__class__.__name__)
1439 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1440 try:
1441 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target)
1442 magnitude = self.get_magnitude()
1443 except (DerivedMagnitudeError, NotImplementedError):
1444 mt = None
1445 magnitude = None
1447 return Source.pyrocko_event(
1448 self, store, target,
1449 moment_tensor=mt,
1450 magnitude=magnitude,
1451 **kwargs)
1454class ExplosionSource(SourceWithDerivedMagnitude):
1455 '''
1456 An isotropic explosion point source.
1457 '''
1459 magnitude = Float.T(
1460 optional=True,
1461 help='moment magnitude Mw as in [Hanks and Kanamori, 1979]')
1463 volume_change = Float.T(
1464 optional=True,
1465 help='volume change of the explosion/implosion or '
1466 'the contracting/extending magmatic source. [m^3]')
1468 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedExplosionSource
1470 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
1471 if 'moment' in kwargs:
1472 mom = kwargs.pop('moment')
1473 if 'magnitude' not in kwargs:
1474 kwargs['magnitude'] = float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(mom))
1476 SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.__init__(self, **kwargs)
1478 def base_key(self):
1479 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.base_key(self) + \
1480 (self.volume_change,)
1482 def check_conflicts(self):
1483 if self.magnitude is not None and self.volume_change is not None:
1484 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1485 'Magnitude and volume_change are both defined.')
1487 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
1488 self.check_conflicts()
1490 if self.magnitude is not None:
1491 return self.magnitude
1493 elif self.volume_change is not None:
1494 moment = self.volume_change * \
1495 self.get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(store, target)
1497 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(abs(moment)))
1498 else:
1499 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(1.0))
1501 def get_volume_change(self, store=None, target=None):
1502 self.check_conflicts()
1504 if self.volume_change is not None:
1505 return self.volume_change
1507 elif self.magnitude is not None:
1508 moment = float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.magnitude))
1509 return moment / self.get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(
1510 store, target)
1512 else:
1513 return 1.0 / self.get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(store)
1515 def get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(self, store, target=None):
1516 if store is None:
1517 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1518 'Need earth model to convert between volume change and '
1519 'magnitude.')
1521 points = num.array(
1522 [[self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth]], dtype=float)
1524 interpolation = target.interpolation if target else 'multilinear'
1525 try:
1526 shear_moduli = store.config.get_shear_moduli(
1527 self.lat, self.lon,
1528 points=points,
1529 interpolation=interpolation)[0]
1530 except meta.OutOfBounds:
1531 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1532 'Could not get shear modulus at source position.')
1534 return float(3. * shear_moduli)
1536 def get_factor(self):
1537 return 1.0
1539 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1540 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1541 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1543 amplitudes *= self.get_moment(store, target) * math.sqrt(2. / 3.)
1545 if self.volume_change is not None:
1546 if self.volume_change < 0.:
1547 amplitudes *= -1
1549 return meta.DiscretizedExplosionSource(
1550 m0s=amplitudes,
1551 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1553 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1554 a = self.get_moment(store, target) * math.sqrt(2. / 3.)
1555 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=pmt.symmat6(a, a, a, 0., 0., 0.))
1558class RectangularExplosionSource(ExplosionSource):
1559 '''
1560 Rectangular or line explosion source.
1561 '''
1563 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedExplosionSource
1565 strike = Float.T(
1566 default=0.0,
1567 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
1569 dip = Float.T(
1570 default=90.0,
1571 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
1573 length = Float.T(
1574 default=0.,
1575 help='length of rectangular source area [m]')
1577 width = Float.T(
1578 default=0.,
1579 help='width of rectangular source area [m]')
1581 anchor = StringChoice.T(
1582 choices=['top', 'top_left', 'top_right', 'center', 'bottom',
1583 'bottom_left', 'bottom_right'],
1584 default='center',
1585 optional=True,
1586 help='Anchor point for positioning the plane, can be: top, center or'
1587 'bottom and also top_left, top_right,bottom_left,'
1588 'bottom_right, center_left and center right')
1590 nucleation_x = Float.T(
1591 optional=True,
1592 help='horizontal position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
1593 'plane coordinates (-1 = left edge, +1 = right edge)')
1595 nucleation_y = Float.T(
1596 optional=True,
1597 help='down-dip position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
1598 'plane coordinates (-1 = upper edge, +1 = lower edge)')
1600 velocity = Float.T(
1601 default=3500.,
1602 help='speed of explosion front [m/s]')
1604 aggressive_oversampling = Bool.T(
1605 default=False,
1606 help='Aggressive oversampling for basesource discretization. '
1607 'When using \'multilinear\' interpolation oversampling has'
1608 ' practically no effect.')
1610 def base_key(self):
1611 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
1612 self.width, self.nucleation_x,
1613 self.nucleation_y, self.velocity,
1614 self.anchor)
1616 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1618 if self.nucleation_x is not None:
1619 nucx = self.nucleation_x * 0.5 * self.length
1620 else:
1621 nucx = None
1623 if self.nucleation_y is not None:
1624 nucy = self.nucleation_y * 0.5 * self.width
1625 else:
1626 nucy = None
1628 stf = self.effective_stf_pre()
1630 points, times, amplitudes, dl, dw, nl, nw = discretize_rect_source(
1631 store.config.deltas, store.config.deltat,
1632 self.time, self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth,
1633 self.strike, self.dip, self.length, self.width, self.anchor,
1634 self.velocity, stf=stf, nucleation_x=nucx, nucleation_y=nucy)
1636 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
1637 amplitudes *= self.get_moment(store, target)
1639 return meta.DiscretizedExplosionSource(
1640 lat=self.lat,
1641 lon=self.lon,
1642 times=times,
1643 north_shifts=points[:, 0],
1644 east_shifts=points[:, 1],
1645 depths=points[:, 2],
1646 m0s=amplitudes)
1648 def outline(self, cs='xyz'):
1649 points = outline_rect_source(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
1650 self.width, self.anchor)
1652 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
1653 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
1654 points[:, 2] += self.depth
1655 if cs == 'xyz':
1656 return points
1657 elif cs == 'xy':
1658 return points[:, :2]
1659 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat'):
1660 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
1661 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
1663 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
1664 if cs == 'latlon':
1665 return latlon
1666 else:
1667 return latlon[:, ::-1]
1669 def get_nucleation_abs_coord(self, cs='xy'):
1671 if self.nucleation_x is None:
1672 return None, None
1674 coords = from_plane_coords(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
1675 self.width, self.depth, self.nucleation_x,
1676 self.nucleation_y, lat=self.lat,
1677 lon=self.lon, north_shift=self.north_shift,
1678 east_shift=self.east_shift, cs=cs)
1679 return coords
1682class DCSource(SourceWithMagnitude):
1683 '''
1684 A double-couple point source.
1685 '''
1687 strike = Float.T(
1688 default=0.0,
1689 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
1691 dip = Float.T(
1692 default=90.0,
1693 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
1695 rake = Float.T(
1696 default=0.0,
1697 help='rake angle in [deg], '
1698 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
1699 'in on-plane view')
1701 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
1703 def base_key(self):
1704 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.strike, self.dip, self.rake)
1706 def get_factor(self):
1707 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.magnitude))
1709 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1710 mot = pmt.MomentTensor(
1711 strike=self.strike, dip=self.dip, rake=self.rake)
1713 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1714 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1715 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
1716 m6s=mot.m6()[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[:, num.newaxis],
1717 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1719 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1720 return pmt.MomentTensor(
1721 strike=self.strike,
1722 dip=self.dip,
1723 rake=self.rake,
1724 scalar_moment=self.moment)
1726 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1727 return SourceWithMagnitude.pyrocko_event(
1728 self, store, target,
1729 moment_tensor=self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target),
1730 **kwargs)
1732 @classmethod
1733 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
1734 d = {}
1735 mt = ev.moment_tensor
1736 if mt:
1737 (strike, dip, rake), _ = mt.both_strike_dip_rake()
1738 d.update(
1739 strike=float(strike),
1740 dip=float(dip),
1741 rake=float(rake),
1742 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()))
1744 d.update(kwargs)
1745 return super(DCSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
1748class CLVDSource(SourceWithMagnitude):
1749 '''
1750 A pure CLVD point source.
1751 '''
1753 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
1755 azimuth = Float.T(
1756 default=0.0,
1757 help='azimuth direction of largest dipole, clockwise from north [deg]')
1759 dip = Float.T(
1760 default=90.,
1761 help='dip direction of largest dipole, downward from horizontal [deg]')
1763 def base_key(self):
1764 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.azimuth, self.dip)
1766 def get_factor(self):
1767 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.magnitude))
1769 @property
1770 def m6(self):
1771 a = math.sqrt(4. / 3.) * self.get_factor()
1772 m = pmt.symmat6(-0.5 * a, -0.5 * a, a, 0., 0., 0.)
1773 rotmat1 = pmt.euler_to_matrix(
1774 d2r * (self.dip - 90.),
1775 d2r * (self.azimuth - 90.),
1776 0.)
1777 m = rotmat1.T * m * rotmat1
1778 return pmt.to6(m)
1780 @property
1781 def m6_astuple(self):
1782 return tuple(self.m6.tolist())
1784 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1785 factor = self.get_factor()
1786 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1787 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1788 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
1789 m6s=self.m6[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[:, num.newaxis] / factor,
1790 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1792 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1793 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=pmt.symmat6(*self.m6_astuple))
1795 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1796 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target)
1797 return Source.pyrocko_event(
1798 self, store, target,
1799 moment_tensor=self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target),
1800 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()),
1801 **kwargs)
1804class VLVDSource(SourceWithDerivedMagnitude):
1805 '''
1806 Volumetric linear vector dipole source.
1808 This source is a parameterization for a restricted moment tensor point
1809 source, useful to represent dyke or sill like inflation or deflation
1810 sources. The restriction is such that the moment tensor is rotational
1811 symmetric. It can be represented by a superposition of a linear vector
1812 dipole (here we use a CLVD for convenience) and an isotropic component. The
1813 restricted moment tensor has 4 degrees of freedom: 2 independent
1814 eigenvalues and 2 rotation angles orienting the the symmetry axis.
1816 In this parameterization, the isotropic component is controlled by
1817 ``volume_change``. To define the moment tensor, it must be converted to the
1818 scalar moment of the the MT's isotropic component. For the conversion, the
1819 shear modulus at the source's position must be known. This value is
1820 extracted from the earth model defined in the GF store in use.
1822 The CLVD part by controlled by its scalar moment :math:`M_0`:
1823 ``clvd_moment``. The sign of ``clvd_moment`` is used to switch between a
1824 positiv or negativ CLVD (the sign of the largest eigenvalue).
1825 '''
1827 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
1829 azimuth = Float.T(
1830 default=0.0,
1831 help='azimuth direction of symmetry axis, clockwise from north [deg].')
1833 dip = Float.T(
1834 default=90.,
1835 help='dip direction of symmetry axis, downward from horizontal [deg].')
1837 volume_change = Float.T(
1838 default=0.,
1839 help='volume change of the inflation/deflation [m^3].')
1841 clvd_moment = Float.T(
1842 default=0.,
1843 help='scalar moment :math:`M_0` of the CLVD component [Nm]. The sign '
1844 'controls the sign of the CLVD (the sign of its largest '
1845 'eigenvalue).')
1847 def get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(self, store, target):
1848 if store is None or target is None:
1849 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1850 'Need earth model to convert between volume change and '
1851 'magnitude.')
1853 points = num.array(
1854 [[self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth]], dtype=float)
1856 try:
1857 shear_moduli = store.config.get_shear_moduli(
1858 self.lat, self.lon,
1859 points=points,
1860 interpolation=target.interpolation)[0]
1861 except meta.OutOfBounds:
1862 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1863 'Could not get shear modulus at source position.')
1865 return float(3. * shear_moduli)
1867 def base_key(self):
1868 return Source.base_key(self) + \
1869 (self.azimuth, self.dip, self.volume_change, self.clvd_moment)
1871 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
1872 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target)
1873 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(mt.moment))
1875 def get_m6(self, store, target):
1876 a = math.sqrt(4. / 3.) * self.clvd_moment
1877 m_clvd = pmt.symmat6(-0.5 * a, -0.5 * a, a, 0., 0., 0.)
1879 rotmat1 = pmt.euler_to_matrix(
1880 d2r * (self.dip - 90.),
1881 d2r * (self.azimuth - 90.),
1882 0.)
1883 m_clvd = rotmat1.T * m_clvd * rotmat1
1885 m_iso = self.volume_change * \
1886 self.get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(store, target)
1888 m_iso = pmt.symmat6(m_iso, m_iso, m_iso, 0.,
1889 0., 0.,) * math.sqrt(2. / 3)
1891 m = pmt.to6(m_clvd) + pmt.to6(m_iso)
1892 return m
1894 def get_moment(self, store=None, target=None):
1895 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(
1896 self.get_magnitude(store, target)))
1898 def get_m6_astuple(self, store, target):
1899 m6 = self.get_m6(store, target)
1900 return tuple(m6.tolist())
1902 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1903 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1904 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1906 m6 = self.get_m6(store, target)
1907 m6 *= amplitudes / self.get_factor()
1909 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
1910 m6s=m6[num.newaxis, :],
1911 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1913 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1914 m6_astuple = self.get_m6_astuple(store, target)
1915 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=pmt.symmat6(*m6_astuple))
1918class MTSource(Source):
1919 '''
1920 A moment tensor point source.
1921 '''
1923 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
1925 mnn = Float.T(
1926 default=1.,
1927 help='north-north component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1929 mee = Float.T(
1930 default=1.,
1931 help='east-east component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1933 mdd = Float.T(
1934 default=1.,
1935 help='down-down component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1937 mne = Float.T(
1938 default=0.,
1939 help='north-east component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1941 mnd = Float.T(
1942 default=0.,
1943 help='north-down component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1945 med = Float.T(
1946 default=0.,
1947 help='east-down component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1949 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
1950 if 'm6' in kwargs:
1951 for (k, v) in zip('mnn mee mdd mne mnd med'.split(),
1952 kwargs.pop('m6')):
1953 kwargs[k] = float(v)
1955 Source.__init__(self, **kwargs)
1957 @property
1958 def m6(self):
1959 return num.array(self.m6_astuple)
1961 @property
1962 def m6_astuple(self):
1963 return (self.mnn, self.mee, self.mdd, self.mne, self.mnd, self.med)
1965 @m6.setter
1966 def m6(self, value):
1967 self.mnn, self.mee, self.mdd, self.mne, self.mnd, self.med = value
1969 def base_key(self):
1970 return Source.base_key(self) + self.m6_astuple
1972 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1973 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1974 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1975 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
1976 m6s=self.m6[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[:, num.newaxis],
1977 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1979 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
1980 m6 = self.m6
1981 return pmt.moment_to_magnitude(
1982 math.sqrt(num.sum(m6[0:3]**2) + 2.0 * num.sum(m6[3:6]**2)) /
1983 math.sqrt(2.))
1985 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1986 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=pmt.symmat6(*self.m6_astuple))
1988 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1989 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target)
1990 return Source.pyrocko_event(
1991 self, store, target,
1992 moment_tensor=self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target),
1993 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()),
1994 **kwargs)
1996 @classmethod
1997 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
1998 d = {}
1999 mt = ev.moment_tensor
2000 if mt:
2001 d.update(m6=tuple(map(float, mt.m6())))
2002 else:
2003 if ev.magnitude is not None:
2004 mom = pmt.magnitude_to_moment(ev.magnitude)
2005 v = math.sqrt(2. / 3.) * mom
2006 d.update(m6=(v, v, v, 0., 0., 0.))
2008 d.update(kwargs)
2009 return super(MTSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
2012map_anchor = {
2013 'center': (0.0, 0.0),
2014 'center_left': (-1.0, 0.0),
2015 'center_right': (1.0, 0.0),
2016 'top': (0.0, -1.0),
2017 'top_left': (-1.0, -1.0),
2018 'top_right': (1.0, -1.0),
2019 'bottom': (0.0, 1.0),
2020 'bottom_left': (-1.0, 1.0),
2021 'bottom_right': (1.0, 1.0)}
2024class RectangularSource(SourceWithDerivedMagnitude):
2025 '''
2026 Classical Haskell source model modified for bilateral rupture.
2027 '''
2029 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
2031 magnitude = Float.T(
2032 optional=True,
2033 help='moment magnitude Mw as in [Hanks and Kanamori, 1979]')
2035 strike = Float.T(
2036 default=0.0,
2037 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
2039 dip = Float.T(
2040 default=90.0,
2041 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
2043 rake = Float.T(
2044 default=0.0,
2045 help='rake angle in [deg], '
2046 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
2047 'in on-plane view')
2049 length = Float.T(
2050 default=0.,
2051 help='length of rectangular source area [m]')
2053 width = Float.T(
2054 default=0.,
2055 help='width of rectangular source area [m]')
2057 anchor = StringChoice.T(
2058 choices=['top', 'top_left', 'top_right', 'center', 'bottom',
2059 'bottom_left', 'bottom_right'],
2060 default='center',
2061 optional=True,
2062 help='Anchor point for positioning the plane, can be: ``top, center '
2063 'bottom, top_left, top_right,bottom_left,'
2064 'bottom_right, center_left, center right``.')
2066 nucleation_x = Float.T(
2067 optional=True,
2068 help='horizontal position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
2069 'plane coordinates (``-1.`` = left edge, ``+1.`` = right edge)')
2071 nucleation_y = Float.T(
2072 optional=True,
2073 help='down-dip position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
2074 'plane coordinates (``-1.`` = upper edge, ``+1.`` = lower edge)')
2076 velocity = Float.T(
2077 default=3500.,
2078 help='speed of rupture front [m/s]')
2080 slip = Float.T(
2081 optional=True,
2082 help='Slip on the rectangular source area [m]')
2084 opening_fraction = Float.T(
2085 default=0.,
2086 help='Determines fraction of slip related to opening. '
2087 '(``-1``: pure tensile closing, '
2088 '``0``: pure shear, '
2089 '``1``: pure tensile opening)')
2091 decimation_factor = Int.T(
2092 optional=True,
2093 default=1,
2094 help='Sub-source decimation factor, a larger decimation will'
2095 ' make the result inaccurate but shorten the necessary'
2096 ' computation time (use for testing puposes only).')
2098 aggressive_oversampling = Bool.T(
2099 default=False,
2100 help='Aggressive oversampling for basesource discretization. '
2101 'When using \'multilinear\' interpolation oversampling has'
2102 ' practically no effect.')
2104 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
2105 if 'moment' in kwargs:
2106 mom = kwargs.pop('moment')
2107 if 'magnitude' not in kwargs:
2108 kwargs['magnitude'] = float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(mom))
2110 SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.__init__(self, **kwargs)
2112 def base_key(self):
2113 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.base_key(self) + (
2114 self.magnitude,
2115 self.slip,
2116 self.strike,
2117 self.dip,
2118 self.rake,
2119 self.length,
2120 self.width,
2121 self.nucleation_x,
2122 self.nucleation_y,
2123 self.velocity,
2124 self.decimation_factor,
2125 self.anchor)
2127 def check_conflicts(self):
2128 if self.magnitude is not None and self.slip is not None:
2129 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
2130 'Magnitude and slip are both defined.')
2132 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
2133 self.check_conflicts()
2134 if self.magnitude is not None:
2135 return self.magnitude
2137 elif self.slip is not None:
2138 if None in (store, target):
2139 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
2140 'Magnitude for a rectangular source with slip defined '
2141 'can only be derived when earth model and target '
2142 'interpolation method are available.')
2144 amplitudes = self._discretize(store, target)[2]
2145 if amplitudes.ndim == 2:
2146 # CLVD component has no net moment, leave out
2147 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(
2148 num.sum(num.abs(amplitudes[0:2, :]).sum())))
2149 else:
2150 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(num.sum(amplitudes)))
2152 else:
2153 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(1.0))
2155 def get_factor(self):
2156 return 1.0
2158 def get_slip_tensile(self):
2159 return self.slip * self.opening_fraction
2161 def get_slip_shear(self):
2162 return self.slip - abs(self.get_slip_tensile)
2164 def _discretize(self, store, target):
2165 if self.nucleation_x is not None:
2166 nucx = self.nucleation_x * 0.5 * self.length
2167 else:
2168 nucx = None
2170 if self.nucleation_y is not None:
2171 nucy = self.nucleation_y * 0.5 * self.width
2172 else:
2173 nucy = None
2175 stf = self.effective_stf_pre()
2177 points, times, amplitudes, dl, dw, nl, nw = discretize_rect_source(
2178 store.config.deltas, store.config.deltat,
2179 self.time, self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth,
2180 self.strike, self.dip, self.length, self.width, self.anchor,
2181 self.velocity, stf=stf, nucleation_x=nucx, nucleation_y=nucy,
2182 decimation_factor=self.decimation_factor,
2183 aggressive_oversampling=self.aggressive_oversampling)
2185 if self.slip is not None:
2186 if target is not None:
2187 interpolation = target.interpolation
2188 else:
2189 interpolation = 'nearest_neighbor'
2190 logger.warning(
2191 'no target information available, will use '
2192 '"nearest_neighbor" interpolation when extracting shear '
2193 'modulus from earth model')
2195 shear_moduli = store.config.get_shear_moduli(
2196 self.lat, self.lon,
2197 points=points,
2198 interpolation=interpolation)
2200 tensile_slip = self.get_slip_tensile()
2201 shear_slip = self.slip - abs(tensile_slip)
2203 amplitudes_total = [shear_moduli * shear_slip]
2204 if tensile_slip != 0:
2205 bulk_moduli = store.config.get_bulk_moduli(
2206 self.lat, self.lon,
2207 points=points,
2208 interpolation=interpolation)
2210 tensile_iso = bulk_moduli * tensile_slip
2211 tensile_clvd = (2. / 3.) * shear_moduli * tensile_slip
2213 amplitudes_total.extend([tensile_iso, tensile_clvd])
2215 amplitudes_total = num.vstack(amplitudes_total).squeeze() * \
2216 amplitudes * dl * dw
2218 else:
2219 # normalization to retain total moment
2220 amplitudes_norm = amplitudes / num.sum(amplitudes)
2221 moment = self.get_moment(store, target)
2223 amplitudes_total = [
2224 amplitudes_norm * moment * (1 - abs(self.opening_fraction))]
2225 if self.opening_fraction != 0.:
2226 amplitudes_total.append(
2227 amplitudes_norm * self.opening_fraction * moment)
2229 amplitudes_total = num.vstack(amplitudes_total).squeeze()
2231 return points, times, num.atleast_1d(amplitudes_total), dl, dw, nl, nw
2233 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
2235 points, times, amplitudes, dl, dw, nl, nw = self._discretize(
2236 store, target)
2238 mot = pmt.MomentTensor(
2239 strike=self.strike, dip=self.dip, rake=self.rake)
2240 m6s = num.repeat(mot.m6()[num.newaxis, :], times.size, axis=0)
2242 if amplitudes.ndim == 1:
2243 m6s[:, :] *= amplitudes[:, num.newaxis]
2244 elif amplitudes.ndim == 2:
2245 # shear MT components
2246 rotmat1 = pmt.euler_to_matrix(
2247 d2r * self.dip, d2r * self.strike, d2r * -self.rake)
2248 m6s[:, :] *= amplitudes[0, :][:, num.newaxis]
2250 if amplitudes.shape[0] == 2:
2251 # tensile MT components - moment/magnitude input
2252 tensile = pmt.symmat6(1., 1., 3., 0., 0., 0.)
2253 rot_tensile = pmt.to6(rotmat1.T * tensile * rotmat1)
2255 m6s_tensile = rot_tensile[
2256 num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[1, :][:, num.newaxis]
2257 m6s += m6s_tensile
2259 elif amplitudes.shape[0] == 3:
2260 # tensile MT components - slip input
2261 iso = pmt.symmat6(1., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0.)
2262 clvd = pmt.symmat6(-1., -1., 2., 0., 0., 0.)
2264 rot_iso = pmt.to6(rotmat1.T * iso * rotmat1)
2265 rot_clvd = pmt.to6(rotmat1.T * clvd * rotmat1)
2267 m6s_iso = rot_iso[
2268 num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[1, :][:, num.newaxis]
2269 m6s_clvd = rot_clvd[
2270 num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[2, :][:, num.newaxis]
2271 m6s += m6s_iso + m6s_clvd
2272 else:
2273 raise ValueError('Unknwown amplitudes shape!')
2274 else:
2275 raise ValueError(
2276 'Unexpected dimension of {}'.format(amplitudes.ndim))
2278 ds = meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
2279 lat=self.lat,
2280 lon=self.lon,
2281 times=times,
2282 north_shifts=points[:, 0],
2283 east_shifts=points[:, 1],
2284 depths=points[:, 2],
2285 m6s=m6s,
2286 dl=dl,
2287 dw=dw,
2288 nl=nl,
2289 nw=nw)
2291 return ds
2293 def outline(self, cs='xyz'):
2294 points = outline_rect_source(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
2295 self.width, self.anchor)
2297 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
2298 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
2299 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2300 if cs == 'xyz':
2301 return points
2302 elif cs == 'xy':
2303 return points[:, :2]
2304 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat', 'latlondepth'):
2305 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
2306 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
2308 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
2309 if cs == 'latlon':
2310 return latlon
2311 elif cs == 'lonlat':
2312 return latlon[:, ::-1]
2313 else:
2314 return num.concatenate(
2315 (latlon, points[:, 2].reshape((len(points), 1))),
2316 axis=1)
2318 def points_on_source(self, cs='xyz', **kwargs):
2320 points = points_on_rect_source(
2321 self.strike, self.dip, self.length, self.width,
2322 self.anchor, **kwargs)
2324 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
2325 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
2326 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2327 if cs == 'xyz':
2328 return points
2329 elif cs == 'xy':
2330 return points[:, :2]
2331 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat', 'latlondepth'):
2332 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
2333 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
2335 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
2336 if cs == 'latlon':
2337 return latlon
2338 elif cs == 'lonlat':
2339 return latlon[:, ::-1]
2340 else:
2341 return num.concatenate(
2342 (latlon, points[:, 2].reshape((len(points), 1))),
2343 axis=1)
2345 def get_nucleation_abs_coord(self, cs='xy'):
2347 if self.nucleation_x is None:
2348 return None, None
2350 coords = from_plane_coords(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
2351 self.width, self.depth, self.nucleation_x,
2352 self.nucleation_y, lat=self.lat,
2353 lon=self.lon, north_shift=self.north_shift,
2354 east_shift=self.east_shift, cs=cs)
2355 return coords
2357 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
2358 return pmt.MomentTensor(
2359 strike=self.strike,
2360 dip=self.dip,
2361 rake=self.rake,
2362 scalar_moment=self.get_moment(store, target))
2364 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
2365 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.pyrocko_event(
2366 self, store, target,
2367 **kwargs)
2369 @classmethod
2370 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
2371 d = {}
2372 mt = ev.moment_tensor
2373 if mt:
2374 (strike, dip, rake), _ = mt.both_strike_dip_rake()
2375 d.update(
2376 strike=float(strike),
2377 dip=float(dip),
2378 rake=float(rake),
2379 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()))
2381 d.update(kwargs)
2382 return super(RectangularSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
2385class PseudoDynamicRupture(SourceWithDerivedMagnitude):
2386 '''
2387 Combined Eikonal and Okada quasi-dynamic rupture model.
2389 Details are described in :doc:`/topics/pseudo-dynamic-rupture`.
2390 Note: attribute `stf` is not used so far, but kept for future applications.
2391 '''
2393 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
2395 strike = Float.T(
2396 default=0.0,
2397 help='Strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north.')
2399 dip = Float.T(
2400 default=0.0,
2401 help='Dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal.')
2403 length = Float.T(
2404 default=10. * km,
2405 help='Length of rectangular source area in [m].')
2407 width = Float.T(
2408 default=5. * km,
2409 help='Width of rectangular source area in [m].')
2411 anchor = StringChoice.T(
2412 choices=['top', 'top_left', 'top_right', 'center', 'bottom',
2413 'bottom_left', 'bottom_right'],
2414 default='center',
2415 optional=True,
2416 help='Anchor point for positioning the plane, can be: ``top, center, '
2417 'bottom, top_left, top_right, bottom_left, '
2418 'bottom_right, center_left, center_right``.')
2420 nucleation_x__ = Array.T(
2421 default=num.array([0.]),
2422 dtype=num.float,
2423 serialize_as='list',
2424 help='Horizontal position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
2425 'plane coordinates (``-1.`` = left edge, ``+1.`` = right edge).')
2427 nucleation_y__ = Array.T(
2428 default=num.array([0.]),
2429 dtype=num.float,
2430 serialize_as='list',
2431 help='Down-dip position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
2432 'plane coordinates (``-1.`` = upper edge, ``+1.`` = lower edge).')
2434 nucleation_time__ = Array.T(
2435 optional=True,
2436 help='Time in [s] after origin, when nucleation points defined by '
2437 '``nucleation_x`` and ``nucleation_y`` rupture.',
2438 dtype=num.float,
2439 serialize_as='list')
2441 gamma = Float.T(
2442 default=0.8,
2443 help='Scaling factor between rupture velocity and S-wave velocity: '
2444 r':math:`v_r = \gamma * v_s`.')
2446 nx = Int.T(
2447 default=2,
2448 help='Number of discrete source patches in x direction (along '
2449 'strike).')
2451 ny = Int.T(
2452 default=2,
2453 help='Number of discrete source patches in y direction (down dip).')
2455 slip = Float.T(
2456 optional=True,
2457 help='Maximum slip of the rectangular source [m]. '
2458 'Setting the slip the tractions/stress field '
2459 'will be normalized to accomodate the desired maximum slip.')
2461 rake = Float.T(
2462 optional=True,
2463 help='Rake angle in [deg], '
2464 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
2465 'in on-plane view. Rake is translated into homogenous tractions '
2466 'in strike and up-dip direction. ``rake`` is mutually exclusive '
2467 'with tractions parameter.')
2469 patches = List.T(
2470 OkadaSource.T(),
2471 optional=True,
2472 help='List of all boundary elements/sub faults/fault patches.')
2474 patch_mask__ = Array.T(
2475 dtype=num.bool,
2476 serialize_as='list',
2477 shape=(None,),
2478 optional=True,
2479 help='Mask for all boundary elements/sub faults/fault patches. True '
2480 'leaves the patch in the calculation, False excludes the patch.')
2482 tractions = TractionField.T(
2483 optional=True,
2484 help='Traction field the rupture plane is exposed to. See the'
2485 ':py:mod:`pyrocko.gf.tractions` module for more details. '
2486 'If ``tractions=None`` and ``rake`` is given'
2487 ' :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.tractions.DirectedTractions` will'
2488 ' be used.')
2490 coef_mat = Array.T(
2491 optional=True,
2492 help='Coefficient matrix linking traction and dislocation field.',
2493 dtype=num.float,
2494 shape=(None, None))
2496 eikonal_decimation = Int.T(
2497 optional=True,
2498 default=1,
2499 help='Sub-source eikonal factor, a smaller eikonal factor will'
2500 ' increase the accuracy of rupture front calculation but'
2501 ' increases also the computation time.')
2503 decimation_factor = Int.T(
2504 optional=True,
2505 default=1,
2506 help='Sub-source decimation factor, a larger decimation will'
2507 ' make the result inaccurate but shorten the necessary'
2508 ' computation time (use for testing puposes only).')
2510 nthreads = Int.T(
2511 optional=True,
2512 default=1,
2513 help='Number of threads for Okada forward modelling, '
2514 'matrix inversion and calculation of point subsources. '
2515 'Note: for small/medium matrices 1 thread is most efficient.')
2517 pure_shear = Bool.T(
2518 optional=True,
2519 default=False,
2520 help='Calculate only shear tractions and omit tensile tractions.')
2522 smooth_rupture = Bool.T(
2523 default=True,
2524 help='Smooth the tractions by weighting partially ruptured'
2525 ' fault patches.')
2527 aggressive_oversampling = Bool.T(
2528 default=False,
2529 help='Aggressive oversampling for basesource discretization. '
2530 'When using \'multilinear\' interpolation oversampling has'
2531 ' practically no effect.')
2533 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
2534 SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.__init__(self, **kwargs)
2535 self._interpolators = {}
2536 self.check_conflicts()
2538 @property
2539 def nucleation_x(self):
2540 return self.nucleation_x__
2542 @nucleation_x.setter
2543 def nucleation_x(self, nucleation_x):
2544 if isinstance(nucleation_x, list):
2545 nucleation_x = num.array(nucleation_x)
2547 elif not isinstance(
2548 nucleation_x, num.ndarray) and nucleation_x is not None:
2550 nucleation_x = num.array([nucleation_x])
2551 self.nucleation_x__ = nucleation_x
2553 @property
2554 def nucleation_y(self):
2555 return self.nucleation_y__
2557 @nucleation_y.setter
2558 def nucleation_y(self, nucleation_y):
2559 if isinstance(nucleation_y, list):
2560 nucleation_y = num.array(nucleation_y)
2562 elif not isinstance(nucleation_y, num.ndarray) \
2563 and nucleation_y is not None:
2564 nucleation_y = num.array([nucleation_y])
2566 self.nucleation_y__ = nucleation_y
2568 @property
2569 def nucleation(self):
2570 nucl_x, nucl_y = self.nucleation_x, self.nucleation_y
2572 if (nucl_x is None) or (nucl_y is None):
2573 return None
2575 assert nucl_x.shape[0] == nucl_y.shape[0]
2577 return num.concatenate(
2578 (nucl_x[:, num.newaxis], nucl_y[:, num.newaxis]), axis=1)
2580 @nucleation.setter
2581 def nucleation(self, nucleation):
2582 if isinstance(nucleation, list):
2583 nucleation = num.array(nucleation)
2585 assert nucleation.shape[1] == 2
2587 self.nucleation_x = nucleation[:, 0]
2588 self.nucleation_y = nucleation[:, 1]
2590 @property
2591 def nucleation_time(self):
2592 return self.nucleation_time__
2594 @nucleation_time.setter
2595 def nucleation_time(self, nucleation_time):
2596 if not isinstance(nucleation_time, num.ndarray) \
2597 and nucleation_time is not None:
2598 nucleation_time = num.array([nucleation_time])
2600 self.nucleation_time__ = nucleation_time
2602 @property
2603 def patch_mask(self):
2604 if (self.patch_mask__ is not None and
2605 self.patch_mask__.shape == (self.nx * self.ny,)):
2607 return self.patch_mask__
2608 else:
2609 return num.ones(self.nx * self.ny, dtype=bool)
2611 @patch_mask.setter
2612 def patch_mask(self, patch_mask):
2613 if isinstance(patch_mask, list):
2614 patch_mask = num.array(patch_mask)
2616 self.patch_mask__ = patch_mask
2618 def get_tractions(self):
2619 '''
2620 Get source traction vectors.
2622 If :py:attr:`rake` is given, unit length directed traction vectors
2623 (:py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.tractions.DirectedTractions`) are returned,
2624 else the given :py:attr:`tractions` are used.
2626 :returns:
2627 Traction vectors per patch.
2628 :rtype:
2629 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_patches, 3)``.
2630 '''
2632 if self.rake is not None:
2633 if num.isnan(self.rake):
2634 raise ValueError('Rake must be a real number, not NaN.')
2636 logger.warning(
2637 'Tractions are derived based on the given source rake.')
2638 tractions = DirectedTractions(rake=self.rake)
2639 else:
2640 tractions = self.tractions
2641 return tractions.get_tractions(self.nx, self.ny, self.patches)
2643 def base_key(self):
2644 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.base_key(self) + (
2645 self.slip,
2646 self.strike,
2647 self.dip,
2648 self.rake,
2649 self.length,
2650 self.width,
2651 float(self.nucleation_x.mean()),
2652 float(self.nucleation_y.mean()),
2653 self.decimation_factor,
2654 self.anchor,
2655 self.pure_shear,
2656 self.gamma,
2657 tuple(self.patch_mask))
2659 def check_conflicts(self):
2660 if self.tractions and self.rake:
2661 raise AttributeError(
2662 'Tractions and rake are mutually exclusive.')
2663 if self.tractions is None and self.rake is None:
2664 self.rake = 0.
2666 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
2667 self.check_conflicts()
2668 if self.slip is not None or self.tractions is not None:
2669 if store is None:
2670 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
2671 'Magnitude for a rectangular source with slip or '
2672 'tractions defined can only be derived when earth model '
2673 'is set.')
2675 moment_rate, calc_times = self.discretize_basesource(
2676 store, target=target).get_moment_rate(store.config.deltat)
2678 deltat = num.concatenate((
2679 (num.diff(calc_times)[0],),
2680 num.diff(calc_times)))
2682 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(
2683 num.sum(moment_rate * deltat)))
2685 else:
2686 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(1.0))
2688 def get_factor(self):
2689 return 1.0
2691 def outline(self, cs='xyz'):
2692 '''
2693 Get source outline corner coordinates.
2695 :param cs:
2696 :ref:`Output coordinate system <coordinate-system-names>`.
2697 :type cs:
2698 optional, str
2700 :returns:
2701 Corner points in desired coordinate system.
2702 :rtype:
2703 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(5, [2, 3])``.
2704 '''
2705 points = outline_rect_source(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
2706 self.width, self.anchor)
2708 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
2709 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
2710 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2711 if cs == 'xyz':
2712 return points
2713 elif cs == 'xy':
2714 return points[:, :2]
2715 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat', 'latlondepth'):
2716 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
2717 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
2719 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
2720 if cs == 'latlon':
2721 return latlon
2722 elif cs == 'lonlat':
2723 return latlon[:, ::-1]
2724 else:
2725 return num.concatenate(
2726 (latlon, points[:, 2].reshape((len(points), 1))),
2727 axis=1)
2729 def points_on_source(self, cs='xyz', **kwargs):
2730 '''
2731 Convert relative plane coordinates to geographical coordinates.
2733 Given x and y coordinates (relative source coordinates between -1.
2734 and 1.) are converted to desired geographical coordinates. Coordinates
2735 need to be given as :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray` arguments ``points_x``
2736 and ``points_y``.
2738 :param cs:
2739 :ref:`Output coordinate system <coordinate-system-names>`.
2740 :type cs:
2741 optional, str
2743 :returns:
2744 Point coordinates in desired coordinate system.
2745 :rtype:
2746 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, [2, 3])``.
2747 '''
2748 points = points_on_rect_source(
2749 self.strike, self.dip, self.length, self.width,
2750 self.anchor, **kwargs)
2752 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
2753 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
2754 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2755 if cs == 'xyz':
2756 return points
2757 elif cs == 'xy':
2758 return points[:, :2]
2759 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat', 'latlondepth'):
2760 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
2761 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
2763 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
2764 if cs == 'latlon':
2765 return latlon
2766 elif cs == 'lonlat':
2767 return latlon[:, ::-1]
2768 else:
2769 return num.concatenate(
2770 (latlon, points[:, 2].reshape((len(points), 1))),
2771 axis=1)
2773 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
2774 # TODO: Now this should be slip, then it depends on the store.
2775 # TODO: default to tractions is store is not given?
2776 tractions = self.get_tractions()
2777 tractions = tractions.mean(axis=0)
2778 rake = num.arctan2(tractions[1], tractions[0]) # arctan2(dip, slip)
2780 return pmt.MomentTensor(
2781 strike=self.strike,
2782 dip=self.dip,
2783 rake=rake,
2784 scalar_moment=self.get_moment(store, target))
2786 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
2787 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.pyrocko_event(
2788 self, store, target,
2789 **kwargs)
2791 @classmethod
2792 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
2793 d = {}
2794 mt = ev.moment_tensor
2795 if mt:
2796 (strike, dip, rake), _ = mt.both_strike_dip_rake()
2797 d.update(
2798 strike=float(strike),
2799 dip=float(dip),
2800 rake=float(rake))
2802 d.update(kwargs)
2803 return super(PseudoDynamicRupture, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
2805 def _discretize_points(self, store, *args, **kwargs):
2806 '''
2807 Discretize source plane with equal vertical and horizontal spacing.
2809 Additional ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are passed to
2810 :py:meth:`points_on_source`.
2812 :param store:
2813 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
2814 source).
2815 :type store:
2816 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
2818 :returns:
2819 Number of points in strike and dip direction, distance
2820 between adjacent points, coordinates (latlondepth) and coordinates
2821 (xy on fault) for discrete points.
2822 :rtype:
2823 (int, int, float, :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`,
2824 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`).
2825 '''
2826 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[self.anchor]
2828 npoints = int(self.width // km) + 1
2829 points = num.zeros((npoints, 3))
2830 points[:, 1] = num.linspace(-1., 1., npoints)
2831 points[:, 1] = (points[:, 1] - anch_y) * self.width/2
2833 rotmat = num.asarray(
2834 pmt.euler_to_matrix(self.dip*d2r, self.strike*d2r, 0.0))
2835 points = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
2836 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2838 vs_min = store.config.get_vs(
2839 self.lat, self.lon, points,
2840 interpolation='nearest_neighbor')
2841 vr_min = max(vs_min.min(), .5*km) * self.gamma
2843 oversampling = 10.
2844 delta_l = self.length / (self.nx * oversampling)
2845 delta_w = self.width / (self.ny * oversampling)
2847 delta = self.eikonal_decimation * num.min([
2848 store.config.deltat * vr_min / oversampling,
2849 delta_l, delta_w] + [
2850 deltas for deltas in store.config.deltas])
2852 delta = delta_w / num.ceil(delta_w / delta)
2854 nx = int(num.ceil(self.length / delta)) + 1
2855 ny = int(num.ceil(self.width / delta)) + 1
2857 rem_l = (nx-1)*delta - self.length
2858 lim_x = rem_l / self.length
2860 points_xy = num.zeros((nx * ny, 2))
2861 points_xy[:, 0] = num.repeat(
2862 num.linspace(-1.-lim_x, 1.+lim_x, nx), ny)
2863 points_xy[:, 1] = num.tile(
2864 num.linspace(-1., 1., ny), nx)
2866 points = self.points_on_source(
2867 points_x=points_xy[:, 0],
2868 points_y=points_xy[:, 1],
2869 **kwargs)
2871 return nx, ny, delta, points, points_xy
2873 def _discretize_rupture_v(self, store, interpolation='nearest_neighbor',
2874 points=None):
2875 '''
2876 Get rupture velocity for discrete points on source plane.
2878 :param store:
2879 Green's function database (needs to cover the whole region of the
2880 source)
2881 :type store:
2882 optional, :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
2884 :param interpolation:
2885 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
2886 and ``'multilinear'``).
2887 :type interpolation:
2888 optional, str
2890 :param points:
2891 Coordinates on fault (-1.:1.) of discrete points.
2892 :type points:
2893 optional, :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, 2)``
2895 :returns:
2896 Rupture velocity assumed as :math:`v_s * \\gamma` for discrete
2897 points.
2898 :rtype:
2899 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, )``.
2900 '''
2902 if points is None:
2903 _, _, _, points, _ = self._discretize_points(store, cs='xyz')
2905 return store.config.get_vs(
2906 self.lat, self.lon,
2907 points=points,
2908 interpolation=interpolation) * self.gamma
2910 def discretize_time(
2911 self, store, interpolation='nearest_neighbor',
2912 vr=None, times=None, *args, **kwargs):
2913 '''
2914 Get rupture start time for discrete points on source plane.
2916 :param store:
2917 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
2918 source)
2919 :type store:
2920 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
2922 :param interpolation:
2923 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
2924 and ``'multilinear'``).
2925 :type interpolation:
2926 optional, str
2928 :param vr:
2929 Array, containing rupture user defined rupture velocity values.
2930 :type vr:
2931 optional, :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`
2933 :param times:
2934 Array, containing zeros, where rupture is starting, real positive
2935 numbers at later secondary nucleation points and -1, where time
2936 will be calculated. If not given, rupture starts at nucleation_x,
2937 nucleation_y. Times are given for discrete points with equal
2938 horizontal and vertical spacing.
2939 :type times:
2940 optional, :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`
2942 :returns:
2943 Coordinates (latlondepth), coordinates (xy), rupture velocity,
2944 rupture propagation time of discrete points.
2945 :rtype:
2946 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, 3)``,
2947 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, 2)``,
2948 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points_dip, n_points_strike)``,
2949 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points_dip, n_points_strike)``.
2950 '''
2951 nx, ny, delta, points, points_xy = self._discretize_points(
2952 store, cs='xyz')
2954 if vr is None or vr.shape != tuple((nx, ny)):
2955 if vr:
2956 logger.warning(
2957 'Given rupture velocities are not in right shape: '
2958 '(%i, %i), but needed is (%i, %i).', *vr.shape + (nx, ny))
2959 vr = self._discretize_rupture_v(store, interpolation, points)\
2960 .reshape(nx, ny)
2962 if vr.shape != tuple((nx, ny)):
2963 logger.warning(
2964 'Given rupture velocities are not in right shape. Therefore'
2965 ' standard rupture velocity array is used.')
2967 def initialize_times():
2968 nucl_x, nucl_y = self.nucleation_x, self.nucleation_y
2970 if nucl_x.shape != nucl_y.shape:
2971 raise ValueError(
2972 'Nucleation coordinates have different shape.')
2974 dist_points = num.array([
2975 num.linalg.norm(points_xy - num.array([x, y]).ravel(), axis=1)
2976 for x, y in zip(nucl_x, nucl_y)])
2977 nucl_indices = num.argmin(dist_points, axis=1)
2979 if self.nucleation_time is None:
2980 nucl_times = num.zeros_like(nucl_indices)
2981 else:
2982 if self.nucleation_time.shape == nucl_x.shape:
2983 nucl_times = self.nucleation_time
2984 else:
2985 raise ValueError(
2986 'Nucleation coordinates and times have different '
2987 'shapes')
2989 t = num.full(nx * ny, -1.)
2990 t[nucl_indices] = nucl_times
2991 return t.reshape(nx, ny)
2993 if times is None:
2994 times = initialize_times()
2995 elif times.shape != tuple((nx, ny)):
2996 times = initialize_times()
2997 logger.warning(
2998 'Given times are not in right shape. Therefore standard time'
2999 ' array is used.')
3001 eikonal_ext.eikonal_solver_fmm_cartesian(
3002 speeds=vr, times=times, delta=delta)
3004 return points, points_xy, vr, times
3006 def get_vr_time_interpolators(
3007 self, store, interpolation='nearest_neighbor', force=False,
3008 **kwargs):
3009 '''
3010 Get interpolators for rupture velocity and rupture time.
3012 Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to :py:meth:`discretize_time`.
3014 :param store:
3015 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
3016 source).
3017 :type store:
3018 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3020 :param interpolation:
3021 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
3022 and ``'multilinear'``).
3023 :type interpolation:
3024 optional, str
3026 :param force:
3027 Force recalculation of the interpolators (e.g. after change of
3028 nucleation point locations/times). Default is ``False``.
3029 :type force:
3030 optional, bool
3031 '''
3032 interp_map = {'multilinear': 'linear', 'nearest_neighbor': 'nearest'}
3033 if interpolation not in interp_map:
3034 raise TypeError(
3035 'Interpolation method %s not available' % interpolation)
3037 if not self._interpolators.get(interpolation, False) or force:
3038 _, points_xy, vr, times = self.discretize_time(
3039 store, **kwargs)
3041 if self.length <= 0.:
3042 raise ValueError(
3043 'length must be larger then 0. not %g' % self.length)
3045 if self.width <= 0.:
3046 raise ValueError(
3047 'width must be larger then 0. not %g' % self.width)
3049 nx, ny = times.shape
3050 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[self.anchor]
3052 points_xy[:, 0] = (points_xy[:, 0] - anch_x) * self.length / 2.
3053 points_xy[:, 1] = (points_xy[:, 1] - anch_y) * self.width / 2.
3055 self._interpolators[interpolation] = (
3056 nx, ny, times, vr,
3057 RegularGridInterpolator(
3058 (points_xy[::ny, 0], points_xy[:ny, 1]), times,
3059 method=interp_map[interpolation]),
3060 RegularGridInterpolator(
3061 (points_xy[::ny, 0], points_xy[:ny, 1]), vr,
3062 method=interp_map[interpolation]))
3063 return self._interpolators[interpolation]
3065 def discretize_patches(
3066 self, store, interpolation='nearest_neighbor', force=False,
3067 grid_shape=(),
3068 **kwargs):
3069 '''
3070 Get rupture start time and OkadaSource elements for points on rupture.
3072 All source elements and their corresponding center points are
3073 calculated and stored in the :py:attr:`patches` attribute.
3075 Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to :py:meth:`discretize_time`.
3077 :param store:
3078 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
3079 source).
3080 :type store:
3081 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3083 :param interpolation:
3084 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
3085 and ``'multilinear'``).
3086 :type interpolation:
3087 optional, str
3089 :param force:
3090 Force recalculation of the vr and time interpolators ( e.g. after
3091 change of nucleation point locations/times). Default is ``False``.
3092 :type force:
3093 optional, bool
3095 :param grid_shape:
3096 Desired sub fault patch grid size (nlength, nwidth). Either factor
3097 or grid_shape should be set.
3098 :type grid_shape:
3099 optional, tuple of int
3100 '''
3101 nx, ny, times, vr, time_interpolator, vr_interpolator = \
3102 self.get_vr_time_interpolators(
3103 store,
3104 interpolation=interpolation, force=force, **kwargs)
3105 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[self.anchor]
3107 al = self.length / 2.
3108 aw = self.width / 2.
3109 al1 = -(al + anch_x * al)
3110 al2 = al - anch_x * al
3111 aw1 = -aw + anch_y * aw
3112 aw2 = aw + anch_y * aw
3113 assert num.abs([al1, al2]).sum() == self.length
3114 assert num.abs([aw1, aw2]).sum() == self.width
3116 def get_lame(*a, **kw):
3117 shear_mod = store.config.get_shear_moduli(*a, **kw)
3118 lamb = store.config.get_vp(*a, **kw)**2 \
3119 * store.config.get_rho(*a, **kw) - 2. * shear_mod
3120 return shear_mod, lamb / (2. * (lamb + shear_mod))
3122 shear_mod, poisson = get_lame(
3123 self.lat, self.lon,
3124 num.array([[self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth]]),
3125 interpolation=interpolation)
3127 okada_src = OkadaSource(
3128 lat=self.lat, lon=self.lon,
3129 strike=self.strike, dip=self.dip,
3130 north_shift=self.north_shift, east_shift=self.east_shift,
3131 depth=self.depth,
3132 al1=al1, al2=al2, aw1=aw1, aw2=aw2,
3133 poisson=poisson.mean(),
3134 shearmod=shear_mod.mean(),
3135 opening=kwargs.get('opening', 0.))
3137 if not (self.nx and self.ny):
3138 if grid_shape:
3139 self.nx, self.ny = grid_shape
3140 else:
3141 self.nx = nx
3142 self.ny = ny
3144 source_disc, source_points = okada_src.discretize(self.nx, self.ny)
3146 shear_mod, poisson = get_lame(
3147 self.lat, self.lon,
3148 num.array([src.source_patch()[:3] for src in source_disc]),
3149 interpolation=interpolation)
3151 if (self.nx, self.ny) != (nx, ny):
3152 times_interp = time_interpolator(source_points[:, :2])
3153 vr_interp = vr_interpolator(source_points[:, :2])
3154 else:
3155 times_interp = times.T.ravel()
3156 vr_interp = vr.T.ravel()
3158 for isrc, src in enumerate(source_disc):
3159 src.vr = vr_interp[isrc]
3160 src.time = times_interp[isrc] + self.time
3162 self.patches = source_disc
3164 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
3165 '''
3166 Prepare source for synthetic waveform calculation.
3168 :param store:
3169 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
3170 source).
3171 :type store:
3172 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3174 :param target:
3175 Target information.
3176 :type target:
3177 optional, :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.targets.Target`
3179 :returns:
3180 Source discretized by a set of moment tensors and times.
3181 :rtype:
3182 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.meta.DiscretizedMTSource`
3183 '''
3184 if not target:
3185 interpolation = 'nearest_neighbor'
3186 else:
3187 interpolation = target.interpolation
3189 if not self.patches:
3190 self.discretize_patches(store, interpolation)
3192 if self.coef_mat is None:
3193 self.calc_coef_mat()
3195 delta_slip, slip_times = self.get_delta_slip(store)
3196 npatches = self.nx * self.ny
3197 ntimes = slip_times.size
3199 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[self.anchor]
3201 pln = self.length / self.nx
3202 pwd = self.width / self.ny
3204 patch_coords = num.array([
3205 (p.ix, p.iy)
3206 for p in self.patches]).reshape(self.nx, self.ny, 2)
3208 # boundary condition is zero-slip
3209 # is not valid to avoid unwished interpolation effects
3210 slip_grid = num.zeros((self.nx + 2, self.ny + 2, ntimes, 3))
3211 slip_grid[1:-1, 1:-1, :, :] = \
3212 delta_slip.reshape(self.nx, self.ny, ntimes, 3)
3214 slip_grid[0, 0, :, :] = slip_grid[1, 1, :, :]
3215 slip_grid[0, -1, :, :] = slip_grid[1, -2, :, :]
3216 slip_grid[-1, 0, :, :] = slip_grid[-2, 1, :, :]
3217 slip_grid[-1, -1, :, :] = slip_grid[-2, -2, :, :]
3219 slip_grid[1:-1, 0, :, :] = slip_grid[1:-1, 1, :, :]
3220 slip_grid[1:-1, -1, :, :] = slip_grid[1:-1, -2, :, :]
3221 slip_grid[0, 1:-1, :, :] = slip_grid[1, 1:-1, :, :]
3222 slip_grid[-1, 1:-1, :, :] = slip_grid[-2, 1:-1, :, :]
3224 def make_grid(patch_parameter):
3225 grid = num.zeros((self.nx + 2, self.ny + 2))
3226 grid[1:-1, 1:-1] = patch_parameter.reshape(self.nx, self.ny)
3228 grid[0, 0] = grid[1, 1]
3229 grid[0, -1] = grid[1, -2]
3230 grid[-1, 0] = grid[-2, 1]
3231 grid[-1, -1] = grid[-2, -2]
3233 grid[1:-1, 0] = grid[1:-1, 1]
3234 grid[1:-1, -1] = grid[1:-1, -2]
3235 grid[0, 1:-1] = grid[1, 1:-1]
3236 grid[-1, 1:-1] = grid[-2, 1:-1]
3238 return grid
3240 lamb = self.get_patch_attribute('lamb')
3241 mu = self.get_patch_attribute('shearmod')
3243 lamb_grid = make_grid(lamb)
3244 mu_grid = make_grid(mu)
3246 coords_x = num.zeros(self.nx + 2)
3247 coords_x[1:-1] = patch_coords[:, 0, 0]
3248 coords_x[0] = coords_x[1] - pln / 2
3249 coords_x[-1] = coords_x[-2] + pln / 2
3251 coords_y = num.zeros(self.ny + 2)
3252 coords_y[1:-1] = patch_coords[0, :, 1]
3253 coords_y[0] = coords_y[1] - pwd / 2
3254 coords_y[-1] = coords_y[-2] + pwd / 2
3256 slip_interp = RegularGridInterpolator(
3257 (coords_x, coords_y, slip_times),
3258 slip_grid, method='nearest')
3260 lamb_interp = RegularGridInterpolator(
3261 (coords_x, coords_y),
3262 lamb_grid, method='nearest')
3264 mu_interp = RegularGridInterpolator(
3265 (coords_x, coords_y),
3266 mu_grid, method='nearest')
3268 # discretize basesources
3269 mindeltagf = min(tuple(
3270 (self.length / self.nx, self.width / self.ny) +
3271 tuple(store.config.deltas)))
3273 nl = int((1. / self.decimation_factor) *
3274 num.ceil(pln / mindeltagf)) + 1
3275 nw = int((1. / self.decimation_factor) *
3276 num.ceil(pwd / mindeltagf)) + 1
3277 nsrc_patch = int(nl * nw)
3278 dl = pln / nl
3279 dw = pwd / nw
3281 patch_area = dl * dw
3283 xl = num.linspace(-0.5 * (pln - dl), 0.5 * (pln - dl), nl)
3284 xw = num.linspace(-0.5 * (pwd - dw), 0.5 * (pwd - dw), nw)
3286 base_coords = num.zeros((nsrc_patch, 3), dtype=num.float)
3287 base_coords[:, 0] = num.tile(xl, nw)
3288 base_coords[:, 1] = num.repeat(xw, nl)
3289 base_coords = num.tile(base_coords, (npatches, 1))
3291 center_coords = num.zeros((npatches, 3))
3292 center_coords[:, 0] = num.repeat(
3293 num.arange(self.nx) * pln + pln / 2, self.ny) - self.length / 2
3294 center_coords[:, 1] = num.tile(
3295 num.arange(self.ny) * pwd + pwd / 2, self.nx) - self.width / 2
3297 base_coords -= center_coords.repeat(nsrc_patch, axis=0)
3298 nbaselocs = base_coords.shape[0]
3300 base_interp = base_coords.repeat(ntimes, axis=0)
3302 base_times = num.tile(slip_times, nbaselocs)
3303 base_interp[:, 0] -= anch_x * self.length / 2
3304 base_interp[:, 1] -= anch_y * self.width / 2
3305 base_interp[:, 2] = base_times
3307 _, _, _, _, time_interpolator, _ = self.get_vr_time_interpolators(
3308 store, interpolation=interpolation)
3310 time_eikonal_max = time_interpolator.values.max()
3312 nbasesrcs = base_interp.shape[0]
3313 delta_slip = slip_interp(base_interp).reshape(nbaselocs, ntimes, 3)
3314 lamb = lamb_interp(base_interp[:, :2]).ravel()
3315 mu = mu_interp(base_interp[:, :2]).ravel()
3317 if False:
3318 try:
3319 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
3320 coords = base_coords.copy()
3321 norm = num.sum(num.linalg.norm(delta_slip, axis=2), axis=1)
3322 plt.scatter(coords[:, 0], coords[:, 1], c=norm)
3323 plt.show()
3324 except AttributeError:
3325 pass
3327 base_interp[:, 2] = 0.
3328 rotmat = num.asarray(
3329 pmt.euler_to_matrix(self.dip * d2r, self.strike * d2r, 0.0))
3330 base_interp = num.dot(rotmat.T, base_interp.T).T
3331 base_interp[:, 0] += self.north_shift
3332 base_interp[:, 1] += self.east_shift
3333 base_interp[:, 2] += self.depth
3335 slip_strike = delta_slip[:, :, 0].ravel()
3336 slip_dip = delta_slip[:, :, 1].ravel()
3337 slip_norm = delta_slip[:, :, 2].ravel()
3339 slip_shear = num.linalg.norm([slip_strike, slip_dip], axis=0)
3340 slip_rake = r2d * num.arctan2(slip_dip, slip_strike)
3342 m6s = okada_ext.patch2m6(
3343 strikes=num.full(nbasesrcs, self.strike, dtype=num.float),
3344 dips=num.full(nbasesrcs, self.dip, dtype=num.float),
3345 rakes=slip_rake,
3346 disl_shear=slip_shear,
3347 disl_norm=slip_norm,
3348 lamb=lamb,
3349 mu=mu,
3350 nthreads=self.nthreads)
3352 m6s *= patch_area
3354 dl = -self.patches[0].al1 + self.patches[0].al2
3355 dw = -self.patches[0].aw1 + self.patches[0].aw2
3357 base_times[base_times > time_eikonal_max] = time_eikonal_max
3359 ds = meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
3360 lat=self.lat,
3361 lon=self.lon,
3362 times=base_times + self.time,
3363 north_shifts=base_interp[:, 0],
3364 east_shifts=base_interp[:, 1],
3365 depths=base_interp[:, 2],
3366 m6s=m6s,
3367 dl=dl,
3368 dw=dw,
3369 nl=self.nx,
3370 nw=self.ny)
3372 return ds
3374 def calc_coef_mat(self):
3375 '''
3376 Calculate coefficients connecting tractions and dislocations.
3377 '''
3378 if not self.patches:
3379 raise ValueError(
3380 'Patches are needed. Please calculate them first.')
3382 self.coef_mat = make_okada_coefficient_matrix(
3383 self.patches, nthreads=self.nthreads, pure_shear=self.pure_shear)
3385 def get_patch_attribute(self, attr):
3386 '''
3387 Get patch attributes.
3389 :param attr:
3390 Name of selected attribute (see
3391 :py:class`pyrocko.modelling.okada.OkadaSource`).
3392 :type attr:
3393 str
3395 :returns:
3396 Array with attribute value for each fault patch.
3397 :rtype:
3398 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`
3400 '''
3401 if not self.patches:
3402 raise ValueError(
3403 'Patches are needed. Please calculate them first.')
3404 return num.array([getattr(p, attr) for p in self.patches])
3406 def get_slip(
3407 self,
3408 time=None,
3409 scale_slip=True,
3410 interpolation='nearest_neighbor',
3411 **kwargs):
3412 '''
3413 Get slip per subfault patch for given time after rupture start.
3415 :param time:
3416 Time after origin [s], for which slip is computed. If not
3417 given, final static slip is returned.
3418 :type time:
3419 optional, float > 0.
3421 :param scale_slip:
3422 If ``True`` and :py:attr:`slip` given, all slip values are scaled
3423 to fit the given maximum slip.
3424 :type scale_slip:
3425 optional, bool
3427 :param interpolation:
3428 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
3429 and ``'multilinear'``).
3430 :type interpolation:
3431 optional, str
3433 :returns:
3434 Inverted dislocations (:math:`u_{strike}, u_{dip}, u_{tensile}`)
3435 for each source patch.
3436 :rtype:
3437 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_sources, 3)``
3438 '''
3440 if self.patches is None:
3441 raise ValueError(
3442 'Please discretize the source first (discretize_patches())')
3443 npatches = len(self.patches)
3444 tractions = self.get_tractions()
3445 time_patch_max = self.get_patch_attribute('time').max() - self.time
3447 time_patch = time
3448 if time is None:
3449 time_patch = time_patch_max
3451 if self.coef_mat is None:
3452 self.calc_coef_mat()
3454 if tractions.shape != (npatches, 3):
3455 raise AttributeError(
3456 'The traction vector is of invalid shape.'
3457 ' Required shape is (npatches, 3)')
3459 patch_mask = num.ones(npatches, dtype=num.bool)
3460 if self.patch_mask is not None:
3461 patch_mask = self.patch_mask
3463 times = self.get_patch_attribute('time') - self.time
3464 times[~patch_mask] = time_patch + 1. # exlcude unmasked patches
3465 relevant_sources = num.nonzero(times <= time_patch)[0]
3466 disloc_est = num.zeros_like(tractions)
3468 if self.smooth_rupture:
3469 patch_activation = num.zeros(npatches)
3471 nx, ny, times, vr, time_interpolator, vr_interpolator = \
3472 self.get_vr_time_interpolators(
3473 store, interpolation=interpolation)
3475 # Getting the native Eikonal grid, bit hackish
3476 points_x = num.round(time_interpolator.grid[0], decimals=2)
3477 points_y = num.round(time_interpolator.grid[1], decimals=2)
3478 times_eikonal = time_interpolator.values
3480 time_max = time
3481 if time is None:
3482 time_max = times_eikonal.max()
3484 for ip, p in enumerate(self.patches):
3485 ul = num.round((p.ix + p.al1, p.iy + p.aw1), decimals=2)
3486 lr = num.round((p.ix + p.al2, p.iy + p.aw2), decimals=2)
3488 idx_length = num.logical_and(
3489 points_x >= ul[0], points_x <= lr[0])
3490 idx_width = num.logical_and(
3491 points_y >= ul[1], points_y <= lr[1])
3493 times_patch = times_eikonal[num.ix_(idx_length, idx_width)]
3494 if times_patch.size == 0:
3495 raise AttributeError('could not use smooth_rupture')
3497 patch_activation[ip] = \
3498 (times_patch <= time_max).sum() / times_patch.size
3500 if time_patch == 0 and time_patch != time_patch_max:
3501 patch_activation[ip] = 0.
3503 patch_activation[~patch_mask] = 0. # exlcude unmasked patches
3505 relevant_sources = num.nonzero(patch_activation > 0.)[0]
3507 if relevant_sources.size == 0:
3508 return disloc_est
3510 indices_disl = num.repeat(relevant_sources * 3, 3)
3511 indices_disl[1::3] += 1
3512 indices_disl[2::3] += 2
3514 disloc_est[relevant_sources] = invert_fault_dislocations_bem(
3515 stress_field=tractions[relevant_sources, :].ravel(),
3516 coef_mat=self.coef_mat[indices_disl, :][:, indices_disl],
3517 pure_shear=self.pure_shear, nthreads=self.nthreads,
3518 epsilon=None,
3519 **kwargs)
3521 if self.smooth_rupture:
3522 disloc_est *= patch_activation[:, num.newaxis]
3524 if scale_slip and self.slip is not None:
3525 disloc_tmax = num.zeros(npatches)
3527 indices_disl = num.repeat(num.nonzero(patch_mask)[0] * 3, 3)
3528 indices_disl[1::3] += 1
3529 indices_disl[2::3] += 2
3531 disloc_tmax[patch_mask] = num.linalg.norm(
3532 invert_fault_dislocations_bem(
3533 stress_field=tractions[patch_mask, :].ravel(),
3534 coef_mat=self.coef_mat[indices_disl, :][:, indices_disl],
3535 pure_shear=self.pure_shear, nthreads=self.nthreads,
3536 epsilon=None,
3537 **kwargs), axis=1)
3539 disloc_tmax_max = disloc_tmax.max()
3540 if disloc_tmax_max == 0.:
3541 logger.warning(
3542 'slip scaling not performed. Maximum slip is 0.')
3544 disloc_est *= self.slip / disloc_tmax_max
3546 return disloc_est
3548 def get_delta_slip(
3549 self,
3550 store=None,
3551 deltat=None,
3552 delta=True,
3553 interpolation='nearest_neighbor',
3554 **kwargs):
3555 '''
3556 Get slip change snapshots.
3558 The time interval, within which the slip changes are computed is
3559 determined by the sampling rate of the Green's function database or
3560 ``deltat``. Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to :py:meth:`get_slip`.
3562 :param store:
3563 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of of the
3564 source). Its sampling interval is used as time increment for slip
3565 difference calculation. Either ``deltat`` or ``store`` should be
3566 given.
3567 :type store:
3568 optional, :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3570 :param deltat:
3571 Time interval for slip difference calculation [s]. Either
3572 ``deltat`` or ``store`` should be given.
3573 :type deltat:
3574 optional, float
3576 :param delta:
3577 If ``True``, slip differences between two time steps are given. If
3578 ``False``, cumulative slip for all time steps.
3579 :type delta:
3580 optional, bool
3582 :param interpolation:
3583 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
3584 and ``'multilinear'``).
3585 :type interpolation:
3586 optional, str
3588 :returns:
3589 Displacement changes(:math:`\\Delta u_{strike},
3590 \\Delta u_{dip} , \\Delta u_{tensile}`) for each source patch and
3591 time; corner times, for which delta slip is computed. The order of
3592 displacement changes array is:
3594 .. math::
3596 &[[\\\\
3597 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch1, t1},
3598 \\Delta u_{dip, patch1, t1},
3599 \\Delta u_{tensile, patch1, t1}],\\\\
3600 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch1, t2},
3601 \\Delta u_{dip, patch1, t2},
3602 \\Delta u_{tensile, patch1, t2}]\\\\
3603 &], [\\\\
3604 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch2, t1}, ...],\\\\
3605 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch2, t2}, ...]]]\\\\
3607 :rtype: :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_sources, n_times, 3)``,
3608 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``
3609 '''
3610 if store and deltat:
3611 raise AttributeError(
3612 'Argument collision. '
3613 'Please define only the store or the deltat argument.')
3615 if store:
3616 deltat = store.config.deltat
3618 if not deltat:
3619 raise AttributeError('Please give a GF store or set deltat.')
3621 npatches = len(self.patches)
3623 _, _, _, _, time_interpolator, _ = self.get_vr_time_interpolators(
3624 store, interpolation=interpolation)
3625 tmax = time_interpolator.values.max()
3627 calc_times = num.arange(0., tmax + deltat, deltat)
3628 calc_times[calc_times > tmax] = tmax
3630 disloc_est = num.zeros((npatches, calc_times.size, 3))
3632 for itime, t in enumerate(calc_times):
3633 disloc_est[:, itime, :] = self.get_slip(
3634 time=t, scale_slip=False, **kwargs)
3636 if self.slip:
3637 disloc_tmax = num.linalg.norm(
3638 self.get_slip(scale_slip=False, time=tmax),
3639 axis=1)
3641 disloc_tmax_max = disloc_tmax.max()
3642 if disloc_tmax_max == 0.:
3643 logger.warning(
3644 'Slip scaling not performed. Maximum slip is 0.')
3645 else:
3646 disloc_est *= self.slip / disloc_tmax_max
3648 if not delta:
3649 return disloc_est, calc_times
3651 # if we have only one timestep there is no gradient
3652 if calc_times.size > 1:
3653 disloc_init = disloc_est[:, 0, :]
3654 disloc_est = num.diff(disloc_est, axis=1)
3655 disloc_est = num.concatenate((
3656 disloc_init[:, num.newaxis, :], disloc_est), axis=1)
3658 calc_times = calc_times
3660 return disloc_est, calc_times
3662 def get_slip_rate(self, *args, **kwargs):
3663 '''
3664 Get slip rate inverted from patches.
3666 The time interval, within which the slip rates are computed is
3667 determined by the sampling rate of the Green's function database or
3668 ``deltat``. Additional ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are passed to
3669 :py:meth:`get_delta_slip`.
3671 :returns:
3672 Slip rates (:math:`\\Delta u_{strike}/\\Delta t`,
3673 :math:`\\Delta u_{dip}/\\Delta t, \\Delta u_{tensile}/\\Delta t`)
3674 for each source patch and time; corner times, for which slip rate
3675 is computed. The order of sliprate array is:
3677 .. math::
3679 &[[\\\\
3680 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch1, t1}/\\Delta t,
3681 \\Delta u_{dip, patch1, t1}/\\Delta t,
3682 \\Delta u_{tensile, patch1, t1}/\\Delta t],\\\\
3683 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch1, t2}/\\Delta t,
3684 \\Delta u_{dip, patch1, t2}/\\Delta t,
3685 \\Delta u_{tensile, patch1, t2}/\\Delta t]], [\\\\
3686 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch2, t1}/\\Delta t, ...],\\\\
3687 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch2, t2}/\\Delta t, ...]]]\\\\
3689 :rtype: :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_sources, n_times, 3)``,
3690 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``
3691 '''
3692 ddisloc_est, calc_times = self.get_delta_slip(
3693 *args, delta=True, **kwargs)
3695 dt = num.concatenate(
3696 [(num.diff(calc_times)[0], ), num.diff(calc_times)])
3697 slip_rate = num.linalg.norm(ddisloc_est, axis=2) / dt
3699 return slip_rate, calc_times
3701 def get_moment_rate_patches(self, *args, **kwargs):
3702 '''
3703 Get scalar seismic moment rate for each patch individually.
3705 Additional ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are passed to
3706 :py:meth:`get_slip_rate`.
3708 :returns:
3709 Seismic moment rate for each source patch and time; corner times,
3710 for which patch moment rate is computed based on slip rate. The
3711 order of the moment rate array is:
3713 .. math::
3715 &[\\\\
3716 &[(\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{patch1, t1},
3717 (\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{patch1, t2}, ...],\\\\
3718 &[(\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{patch2, t1},
3719 (\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{patch, t2}, ...],\\\\
3720 &[...]]\\\\
3722 :rtype: :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_sources, n_times)``,
3723 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``
3724 '''
3725 slip_rate, calc_times = self.get_slip_rate(*args, **kwargs)
3727 shear_mod = self.get_patch_attribute('shearmod')
3728 p_length = self.get_patch_attribute('length')
3729 p_width = self.get_patch_attribute('width')
3731 dA = p_length * p_width
3733 mom_rate = shear_mod[:, num.newaxis] * slip_rate * dA[:, num.newaxis]
3735 return mom_rate, calc_times
3737 def get_moment_rate(self, store, target=None, deltat=None):
3738 '''
3739 Get seismic source moment rate for the total source (STF).
3741 :param store:
3742 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of of the
3743 source). Its ``deltat`` [s] is used as time increment for slip
3744 difference calculation. Either ``deltat`` or ``store`` should be
3745 given.
3746 :type store:
3747 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3749 :param target:
3750 Target information, needed for interpolation method.
3751 :type target:
3752 optional, :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.targets.Target`
3754 :param deltat:
3755 Time increment for slip difference calculation [s]. If not given
3756 ``store.deltat`` is used.
3757 :type deltat:
3758 optional, float
3760 :return:
3761 Seismic moment rate [Nm/s] for each time; corner times, for which
3762 moment rate is computed. The order of the moment rate array is:
3764 .. math::
3766 &[\\\\
3767 &(\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{t1},\\\\
3768 &(\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{t2},\\\\
3769 &...]\\\\
3771 :rtype:
3772 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``,
3773 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``
3774 '''
3775 if not deltat:
3776 deltat = store.config.deltat
3777 return self.discretize_basesource(
3778 store, target=target).get_moment_rate(deltat)
3780 def get_moment(self, *args, **kwargs):
3781 '''
3782 Get seismic cumulative moment.
3784 Additional ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are passed to
3785 :py:meth:`get_magnitude`.
3787 :returns:
3788 Cumulative seismic moment in [Nm].
3789 :rtype:
3790 float
3791 '''
3792 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.get_magnitude(
3793 *args, **kwargs)))
3795 def rescale_slip(self, magnitude=None, moment=None, **kwargs):
3796 '''
3797 Rescale source slip based on given target magnitude or seismic moment.
3799 Rescale the maximum source slip to fit the source moment magnitude or
3800 seismic moment to the given target values. Either ``magnitude`` or
3801 ``moment`` need to be given. Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to
3802 :py:meth:`get_moment`.
3804 :param magnitude:
3805 Target moment magnitude :math:`M_\\mathrm{w}` as in
3806 [Hanks and Kanamori, 1979]
3807 :type magnitude:
3808 optional, float
3810 :param moment:
3811 Target seismic moment :math:`M_0` [Nm].
3812 :type moment:
3813 optional, float
3814 '''
3815 if self.slip is None:
3816 self.slip = 1.
3817 logger.warning('No slip found for rescaling. '
3818 'An initial slip of 1 m is assumed.')
3820 if magnitude is None and moment is None:
3821 raise ValueError(
3822 'Either target magnitude or moment need to be given.')
3824 moment_init = self.get_moment(**kwargs)
3826 if magnitude is not None:
3827 moment = pmt.magnitude_to_moment(magnitude)
3829 self.slip *= moment / moment_init
3832class DoubleDCSource(SourceWithMagnitude):
3833 '''
3834 Two double-couple point sources separated in space and time.
3835 Moment share between the sub-sources is controlled by the
3836 parameter mix.
3837 The position of the subsources is dependent on the moment
3838 distribution between the two sources. Depth, east and north
3839 shift are given for the centroid between the two double-couples.
3840 The subsources will positioned according to their moment shares
3841 around this centroid position.
3842 This is done according to their delta parameters, which are
3843 therefore in relation to that centroid.
3844 Note that depth of the subsources therefore can be
3845 depth+/-delta_depth. For shallow earthquakes therefore
3846 the depth has to be chosen deeper to avoid sampling
3847 above surface.
3848 '''
3850 strike1 = Float.T(
3851 default=0.0,
3852 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
3854 dip1 = Float.T(
3855 default=90.0,
3856 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
3858 azimuth = Float.T(
3859 default=0.0,
3860 help='azimuth to second double-couple [deg], '
3861 'measured at first, clockwise from north')
3863 rake1 = Float.T(
3864 default=0.0,
3865 help='rake angle in [deg], '
3866 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
3867 'in on-plane view')
3869 strike2 = Float.T(
3870 default=0.0,
3871 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
3873 dip2 = Float.T(
3874 default=90.0,
3875 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
3877 rake2 = Float.T(
3878 default=0.0,
3879 help='rake angle in [deg], '
3880 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
3881 'in on-plane view')
3883 delta_time = Float.T(
3884 default=0.0,
3885 help='separation of double-couples in time (t2-t1) [s]')
3887 delta_depth = Float.T(
3888 default=0.0,
3889 help='difference in depth (z2-z1) [m]')
3891 distance = Float.T(
3892 default=0.0,
3893 help='distance between the two double-couples [m]')
3895 mix = Float.T(
3896 default=0.5,
3897 help='how to distribute the moment to the two doublecouples '
3898 'mix=0 -> m1=1 and m2=0; mix=1 -> m1=0, m2=1')
3900 stf1 = STF.T(
3901 optional=True,
3902 help='Source time function of subsource 1 '
3903 '(if given, overrides STF from attribute :py:gattr:`Source.stf`)')
3905 stf2 = STF.T(
3906 optional=True,
3907 help='Source time function of subsource 2 '
3908 '(if given, overrides STF from attribute :py:gattr:`Source.stf`)')
3910 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
3912 def base_key(self):
3913 return (
3914 self.time, self.depth, self.lat, self.north_shift,
3915 self.lon, self.east_shift, type(self).__name__) + \
3916 self.effective_stf1_pre().base_key() + \
3917 self.effective_stf2_pre().base_key() + (
3918 self.strike1, self.dip1, self.rake1,
3919 self.strike2, self.dip2, self.rake2,
3920 self.delta_time, self.delta_depth,
3921 self.azimuth, self.distance, self.mix)
3923 def get_factor(self):
3924 return self.moment
3926 def effective_stf1_pre(self):
3927 return self.stf1 or self.stf or g_unit_pulse
3929 def effective_stf2_pre(self):
3930 return self.stf2 or self.stf or g_unit_pulse
3932 def effective_stf_post(self):
3933 return g_unit_pulse
3935 def split(self):
3936 a1 = 1.0 - self.mix
3937 a2 = self.mix
3938 delta_north = math.cos(self.azimuth * d2r) * self.distance
3939 delta_east = math.sin(self.azimuth * d2r) * self.distance
3941 dc1 = DCSource(
3942 lat=self.lat,
3943 lon=self.lon,
3944 time=self.time - self.delta_time * a2,
3945 north_shift=self.north_shift - delta_north * a2,
3946 east_shift=self.east_shift - delta_east * a2,
3947 depth=self.depth - self.delta_depth * a2,
3948 moment=self.moment * a1,
3949 strike=self.strike1,
3950 dip=self.dip1,
3951 rake=self.rake1,
3952 stf=self.stf1 or self.stf)
3954 dc2 = DCSource(
3955 lat=self.lat,
3956 lon=self.lon,
3957 time=self.time + self.delta_time * a1,
3958 north_shift=self.north_shift + delta_north * a1,
3959 east_shift=self.east_shift + delta_east * a1,
3960 depth=self.depth + self.delta_depth * a1,
3961 moment=self.moment * a2,
3962 strike=self.strike2,
3963 dip=self.dip2,
3964 rake=self.rake2,
3965 stf=self.stf2 or self.stf)
3967 return [dc1, dc2]
3969 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
3970 a1 = 1.0 - self.mix
3971 a2 = self.mix
3972 mot1 = pmt.MomentTensor(strike=self.strike1, dip=self.dip1,
3973 rake=self.rake1, scalar_moment=a1)
3974 mot2 = pmt.MomentTensor(strike=self.strike2, dip=self.dip2,
3975 rake=self.rake2, scalar_moment=a2)
3977 delta_north = math.cos(self.azimuth * d2r) * self.distance
3978 delta_east = math.sin(self.azimuth * d2r) * self.distance
3980 times1, amplitudes1 = self.effective_stf1_pre().discretize_t(
3981 store.config.deltat, self.time - self.delta_time * a2)
3983 times2, amplitudes2 = self.effective_stf2_pre().discretize_t(
3984 store.config.deltat, self.time + self.delta_time * a1)
3986 nt1 = times1.size
3987 nt2 = times2.size
3989 ds = meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
3990 lat=self.lat,
3991 lon=self.lon,
3992 times=num.concatenate((times1, times2)),
3993 north_shifts=num.concatenate((
3994 num.repeat(self.north_shift - delta_north * a2, nt1),
3995 num.repeat(self.north_shift + delta_north * a1, nt2))),
3996 east_shifts=num.concatenate((
3997 num.repeat(self.east_shift - delta_east * a2, nt1),
3998 num.repeat(self.east_shift + delta_east * a1, nt2))),
3999 depths=num.concatenate((
4000 num.repeat(self.depth - self.delta_depth * a2, nt1),
4001 num.repeat(self.depth + self.delta_depth * a1, nt2))),
4002 m6s=num.vstack((
4003 mot1.m6()[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes1[:, num.newaxis],
4004 mot2.m6()[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes2[:, num.newaxis])))
4006 return ds
4008 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
4009 a1 = 1.0 - self.mix
4010 a2 = self.mix
4011 mot1 = pmt.MomentTensor(strike=self.strike1, dip=self.dip1,
4012 rake=self.rake1,
4013 scalar_moment=a1 * self.moment)
4014 mot2 = pmt.MomentTensor(strike=self.strike2, dip=self.dip2,
4015 rake=self.rake2,
4016 scalar_moment=a2 * self.moment)
4017 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=mot1.m() + mot2.m())
4019 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
4020 return SourceWithMagnitude.pyrocko_event(
4021 self, store, target,
4022 moment_tensor=self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target),
4023 **kwargs)
4025 @classmethod
4026 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
4027 d = {}
4028 mt = ev.moment_tensor
4029 if mt:
4030 (strike, dip, rake), _ = mt.both_strike_dip_rake()
4031 d.update(
4032 strike1=float(strike),
4033 dip1=float(dip),
4034 rake1=float(rake),
4035 strike2=float(strike),
4036 dip2=float(dip),
4037 rake2=float(rake),
4038 mix=0.0,
4039 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()))
4041 d.update(kwargs)
4042 source = super(DoubleDCSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
4043 source.stf1 = source.stf
4044 source.stf2 = HalfSinusoidSTF(effective_duration=0.)
4045 source.stf = None
4046 return source
4049class RingfaultSource(SourceWithMagnitude):
4050 '''
4051 A ring fault with vertical doublecouples.
4052 '''
4054 diameter = Float.T(
4055 default=1.0,
4056 help='diameter of the ring in [m]')
4058 sign = Float.T(
4059 default=1.0,
4060 help='inside of the ring moves up (+1) or down (-1)')
4062 strike = Float.T(
4063 default=0.0,
4064 help='strike direction of the ring plane, clockwise from north,'
4065 ' in [deg]')
4067 dip = Float.T(
4068 default=0.0,
4069 help='dip angle of the ring plane from horizontal in [deg]')
4071 npointsources = Int.T(
4072 default=360,
4073 help='number of point sources to use')
4075 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
4077 def base_key(self):
4078 return Source.base_key(self) + (
4079 self.strike, self.dip, self.diameter, self.npointsources)
4081 def get_factor(self):
4082 return self.sign * self.moment
4084 def discretize_basesource(self, store=None, target=None):
4085 n = self.npointsources
4086 phi = num.linspace(0, 2.0 * num.pi, n, endpoint=False)
4088 points = num.zeros((n, 3))
4089 points[:, 0] = num.cos(phi) * 0.5 * self.diameter
4090 points[:, 1] = num.sin(phi) * 0.5 * self.diameter
4092 rotmat = num.array(pmt.euler_to_matrix(
4093 self.dip * d2r, self.strike * d2r, 0.0))
4094 points = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T # !!! ?
4096 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
4097 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
4098 points[:, 2] += self.depth
4100 m = num.array(pmt.MomentTensor(strike=90., dip=90., rake=-90.,
4101 scalar_moment=1.0 / n).m())
4103 rotmats = num.transpose(
4104 [[num.cos(phi), num.sin(phi), num.zeros(n)],
4105 [-num.sin(phi), num.cos(phi), num.zeros(n)],
4106 [num.zeros(n), num.zeros(n), num.ones(n)]], (2, 0, 1))
4108 ms = num.zeros((n, 3, 3))
4109 for i in range(n):
4110 mtemp = num.dot(rotmats[i].T, num.dot(m, rotmats[i]))
4111 ms[i, :, :] = num.dot(rotmat.T, num.dot(mtemp, rotmat))
4113 m6s = num.vstack((ms[:, 0, 0], ms[:, 1, 1], ms[:, 2, 2],
4114 ms[:, 0, 1], ms[:, 0, 2], ms[:, 1, 2])).T
4116 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
4117 store.config.deltat, self.time)
4119 nt = times.size
4121 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
4122 times=num.tile(times, n),
4123 lat=self.lat,
4124 lon=self.lon,
4125 north_shifts=num.repeat(points[:, 0], nt),
4126 east_shifts=num.repeat(points[:, 1], nt),
4127 depths=num.repeat(points[:, 2], nt),
4128 m6s=num.repeat(m6s, nt, axis=0) * num.tile(
4129 amplitudes, n)[:, num.newaxis])
4132class CombiSource(Source):
4133 '''
4134 Composite source model.
4135 '''
4137 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
4139 subsources = List.T(Source.T())
4141 def __init__(self, subsources=[], **kwargs):
4142 if not subsources:
4143 raise BadRequest(
4144 'Need at least one sub-source to create a CombiSource object.')
4146 lats = num.array(
4147 [subsource.lat for subsource in subsources], dtype=float)
4148 lons = num.array(
4149 [subsource.lon for subsource in subsources], dtype=float)
4151 lat, lon = lats[0], lons[0]
4152 if not num.all(lats == lat) and num.all(lons == lon):
4153 subsources = [s.clone() for s in subsources]
4154 for subsource in subsources[1:]:
4155 subsource.set_origin(lat, lon)
4157 depth = float(num.mean([p.depth for p in subsources]))
4158 time = float(num.mean([p.time for p in subsources]))
4159 north_shift = float(num.mean([p.north_shift for p in subsources]))
4160 east_shift = float(num.mean([p.east_shift for p in subsources]))
4161 kwargs.update(
4162 time=time,
4163 lat=float(lat),
4164 lon=float(lon),
4165 north_shift=north_shift,
4166 east_shift=east_shift,
4167 depth=depth)
4169 Source.__init__(self, subsources=subsources, **kwargs)
4171 def get_factor(self):
4172 return 1.0
4174 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4175 dsources = []
4176 for sf in self.subsources:
4177 ds = sf.discretize_basesource(store, target)
4178 ds.m6s *= sf.get_factor()
4179 dsources.append(ds)
4181 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource.combine(dsources)
4184class SFSource(Source):
4185 '''
4186 A single force point source.
4188 Supported GF schemes: `'elastic5'`.
4189 '''
4191 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedSFSource
4193 fn = Float.T(
4194 default=0.,
4195 help='northward component of single force [N]')
4197 fe = Float.T(
4198 default=0.,
4199 help='eastward component of single force [N]')
4201 fd = Float.T(
4202 default=0.,
4203 help='downward component of single force [N]')
4205 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
4206 Source.__init__(self, **kwargs)
4208 def base_key(self):
4209 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.fn, self.fe, self.fd)
4211 def get_factor(self):
4212 return 1.0
4214 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4215 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
4216 store.config.deltat, self.time)
4217 forces = amplitudes[:, num.newaxis] * num.array(
4218 [[self.fn, self.fe, self.fd]], dtype=float)
4220 return meta.DiscretizedSFSource(forces=forces,
4221 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
4223 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
4224 return Source.pyrocko_event(
4225 self, store, target,
4226 **kwargs)
4228 @classmethod
4229 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
4230 d = {}
4231 d.update(kwargs)
4232 return super(SFSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
4235class PorePressurePointSource(Source):
4236 '''
4237 Excess pore pressure point source.
4239 For poro-elastic initial value problem where an excess pore pressure is
4240 brought into a small source volume.
4241 '''
4243 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedPorePressureSource
4245 pp = Float.T(
4246 default=1.0,
4247 help='initial excess pore pressure in [Pa]')
4249 def base_key(self):
4250 return Source.base_key(self)
4252 def get_factor(self):
4253 return self.pp
4255 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4256 return meta.DiscretizedPorePressureSource(pp=arr(1.0),
4257 **self._dparams_base())
4260class PorePressureLineSource(Source):
4261 '''
4262 Excess pore pressure line source.
4264 The line source is centered at (north_shift, east_shift, depth).
4265 '''
4267 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedPorePressureSource
4269 pp = Float.T(
4270 default=1.0,
4271 help='initial excess pore pressure in [Pa]')
4273 length = Float.T(
4274 default=0.0,
4275 help='length of the line source [m]')
4277 azimuth = Float.T(
4278 default=0.0,
4279 help='azimuth direction, clockwise from north [deg]')
4281 dip = Float.T(
4282 default=90.,
4283 help='dip direction, downward from horizontal [deg]')
4285 def base_key(self):
4286 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.azimuth, self.dip, self.length)
4288 def get_factor(self):
4289 return self.pp
4291 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4293 n = 2 * int(math.ceil(self.length / num.min(store.config.deltas))) + 1
4295 a = num.linspace(-0.5 * self.length, 0.5 * self.length, n)
4297 sa = math.sin(self.azimuth * d2r)
4298 ca = math.cos(self.azimuth * d2r)
4299 sd = math.sin(self.dip * d2r)
4300 cd = math.cos(self.dip * d2r)
4302 points = num.zeros((n, 3))
4303 points[:, 0] = self.north_shift + a * ca * cd
4304 points[:, 1] = self.east_shift + a * sa * cd
4305 points[:, 2] = self.depth + a * sd
4307 return meta.DiscretizedPorePressureSource(
4308 times=util.num_full(n, self.time),
4309 lat=self.lat,
4310 lon=self.lon,
4311 north_shifts=points[:, 0],
4312 east_shifts=points[:, 1],
4313 depths=points[:, 2],
4314 pp=num.ones(n) / n)
4317class Request(Object):
4318 '''
4319 Synthetic seismogram computation request.
4321 ::
4323 Request(**kwargs)
4324 Request(sources, targets, **kwargs)
4325 '''
4327 sources = List.T(
4328 Source.T(),
4329 help='list of sources for which to produce synthetics.')
4331 targets = List.T(
4332 Target.T(),
4333 help='list of targets for which to produce synthetics.')
4335 @classmethod
4336 def args2kwargs(cls, args):
4337 if len(args) not in (0, 2, 3):
4338 raise BadRequest('Invalid arguments.')
4340 if len(args) == 2:
4341 return dict(sources=args[0], targets=args[1])
4342 else:
4343 return {}
4345 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
4346 kwargs.update(self.args2kwargs(args))
4347 sources = kwargs.pop('sources', [])
4348 targets = kwargs.pop('targets', [])
4350 if isinstance(sources, Source):
4351 sources = [sources]
4353 if isinstance(targets, Target) or isinstance(targets, StaticTarget):
4354 targets = [targets]
4356 Object.__init__(self, sources=sources, targets=targets, **kwargs)
4358 @property
4359 def targets_dynamic(self):
4360 return [t for t in self.targets if isinstance(t, Target)]
4362 @property
4363 def targets_static(self):
4364 return [t for t in self.targets if isinstance(t, StaticTarget)]
4366 @property
4367 def has_dynamic(self):
4368 return True if len(self.targets_dynamic) > 0 else False
4370 @property
4371 def has_statics(self):
4372 return True if len(self.targets_static) > 0 else False
4374 def subsources_map(self):
4375 m = defaultdict(list)
4376 for source in self.sources:
4377 m[source.base_key()].append(source)
4379 return m
4381 def subtargets_map(self):
4382 m = defaultdict(list)
4383 for target in self.targets:
4384 m[target.base_key()].append(target)
4386 return m
4388 def subrequest_map(self):
4389 ms = self.subsources_map()
4390 mt = self.subtargets_map()
4391 m = {}
4392 for (ks, ls) in ms.items():
4393 for (kt, lt) in mt.items():
4394 m[ks, kt] = (ls, lt)
4396 return m
4399class ProcessingStats(Object):
4400 t_perc_get_store_and_receiver = Float.T(default=0.)
4401 t_perc_discretize_source = Float.T(default=0.)
4402 t_perc_make_base_seismogram = Float.T(default=0.)
4403 t_perc_make_same_span = Float.T(default=0.)
4404 t_perc_post_process = Float.T(default=0.)
4405 t_perc_optimize = Float.T(default=0.)
4406 t_perc_stack = Float.T(default=0.)
4407 t_perc_static_get_store = Float.T(default=0.)
4408 t_perc_static_discretize_basesource = Float.T(default=0.)
4409 t_perc_static_sum_statics = Float.T(default=0.)
4410 t_perc_static_post_process = Float.T(default=0.)
4411 t_wallclock = Float.T(default=0.)
4412 t_cpu = Float.T(default=0.)
4413 n_read_blocks = Int.T(default=0)
4414 n_results = Int.T(default=0)
4415 n_subrequests = Int.T(default=0)
4416 n_stores = Int.T(default=0)
4417 n_records_stacked = Int.T(default=0)
4420class Response(Object):
4421 '''
4422 Resonse object to a synthetic seismogram computation request.
4423 '''
4425 request = Request.T()
4426 results_list = List.T(List.T(meta.SeismosizerResult.T()))
4427 stats = ProcessingStats.T()
4429 def pyrocko_traces(self):
4430 '''
4431 Return a list of requested
4432 :class:`~pyrocko.trace.Trace` instances.
4433 '''
4435 traces = []
4436 for results in self.results_list:
4437 for result in results:
4438 if not isinstance(result, meta.Result):
4439 continue
4440 traces.append(result.trace.pyrocko_trace())
4442 return traces
4444 def kite_scenes(self):
4445 '''
4446 Return a list of requested
4447 :class:`~kite.scenes` instances.
4448 '''
4449 kite_scenes = []
4450 for results in self.results_list:
4451 for result in results:
4452 if isinstance(result, meta.KiteSceneResult):
4453 sc = result.get_scene()
4454 kite_scenes.append(sc)
4456 return kite_scenes
4458 def static_results(self):
4459 '''
4460 Return a list of requested
4461 :class:`~pyrocko.gf.meta.StaticResult` instances.
4462 '''
4463 statics = []
4464 for results in self.results_list:
4465 for result in results:
4466 if not isinstance(result, meta.StaticResult):
4467 continue
4468 statics.append(result)
4470 return statics
4472 def iter_results(self, get='pyrocko_traces'):
4473 '''
4474 Generator function to iterate over results of request.
4476 Yields associated :py:class:`Source`,
4477 :class:`~pyrocko.gf.targets.Target`,
4478 :class:`~pyrocko.trace.Trace` instances in each iteration.
4479 '''
4481 for isource, source in enumerate(self.request.sources):
4482 for itarget, target in enumerate(self.request.targets):
4483 result = self.results_list[isource][itarget]
4484 if get == 'pyrocko_traces':
4485 yield source, target, result.trace.pyrocko_trace()
4486 elif get == 'results':
4487 yield source, target, result
4489 def snuffle(self, **kwargs):
4490 '''
4491 Open *snuffler* with requested traces.
4492 '''
4494 trace.snuffle(self.pyrocko_traces(), **kwargs)
4497class Engine(Object):
4498 '''
4499 Base class for synthetic seismogram calculators.
4500 '''
4502 def get_store_ids(self):
4503 '''
4504 Get list of available GF store IDs
4505 '''
4507 return []
4510class Rule(object):
4511 pass
4514class VectorRule(Rule):
4516 def __init__(self, quantity, differentiate=0, integrate=0):
4517 self.components = [quantity + '.' + c for c in 'ned']
4518 self.differentiate = differentiate
4519 self.integrate = integrate
4521 def required_components(self, target):
4522 n, e, d = self.components
4523 sa, ca, sd, cd = target.get_sin_cos_factors()
4525 comps = []
4526 if nonzero(ca * cd):
4527 comps.append(n)
4529 if nonzero(sa * cd):
4530 comps.append(e)
4532 if nonzero(sd):
4533 comps.append(d)
4535 return tuple(comps)
4537 def apply_(self, target, base_seismogram):
4538 n, e, d = self.components
4539 sa, ca, sd, cd = target.get_sin_cos_factors()
4541 if nonzero(ca * cd):
4542 data = base_seismogram[n].data * (ca * cd)
4543 deltat = base_seismogram[n].deltat
4544 else:
4545 data = 0.0
4547 if nonzero(sa * cd):
4548 data = data + base_seismogram[e].data * (sa * cd)
4549 deltat = base_seismogram[e].deltat
4551 if nonzero(sd):
4552 data = data + base_seismogram[d].data * sd
4553 deltat = base_seismogram[d].deltat
4555 if self.differentiate:
4556 data = util.diff_fd(self.differentiate, 4, deltat, data)
4558 if self.integrate:
4559 raise NotImplementedError('Integration is not implemented yet.')
4561 return data
4564class HorizontalVectorRule(Rule):
4566 def __init__(self, quantity, differentiate=0, integrate=0):
4567 self.components = [quantity + '.' + c for c in 'ne']
4568 self.differentiate = differentiate
4569 self.integrate = integrate
4571 def required_components(self, target):
4572 n, e = self.components
4573 sa, ca, _, _ = target.get_sin_cos_factors()
4575 comps = []
4576 if nonzero(ca):
4577 comps.append(n)
4579 if nonzero(sa):
4580 comps.append(e)
4582 return tuple(comps)
4584 def apply_(self, target, base_seismogram):
4585 n, e = self.components
4586 sa, ca, _, _ = target.get_sin_cos_factors()
4588 if nonzero(ca):
4589 data = base_seismogram[n].data * ca
4590 else:
4591 data = 0.0
4593 if nonzero(sa):
4594 data = data + base_seismogram[e].data * sa
4596 if self.differentiate:
4597 deltat = base_seismogram[e].deltat
4598 data = util.diff_fd(self.differentiate, 4, deltat, data)
4600 if self.integrate:
4601 raise NotImplementedError('Integration is not implemented yet.')
4603 return data
4606class ScalarRule(Rule):
4608 def __init__(self, quantity, differentiate=0):
4609 self.c = quantity
4611 def required_components(self, target):
4612 return (self.c, )
4614 def apply_(self, target, base_seismogram):
4615 data = base_seismogram[self.c].data.copy()
4616 deltat = base_seismogram[self.c].deltat
4617 if self.differentiate:
4618 data = util.diff_fd(self.differentiate, 4, deltat, data)
4620 return data
4623class StaticDisplacement(Rule):
4625 def required_components(self, target):
4626 return tuple(['displacement.%s' % c for c in list('ned')])
4628 def apply_(self, target, base_statics):
4629 if isinstance(target, SatelliteTarget):
4630 los_fac = target.get_los_factors()
4631 base_statics['displacement.los'] =\
4632 (los_fac[:, 0] * -base_statics['displacement.d'] +
4633 los_fac[:, 1] * base_statics['displacement.e'] +
4634 los_fac[:, 2] * base_statics['displacement.n'])
4635 return base_statics
4638channel_rules = {
4639 'displacement': [VectorRule('displacement')],
4640 'rotation': [VectorRule('rotation')],
4641 'velocity': [
4642 VectorRule('velocity'),
4643 VectorRule('displacement', differentiate=1)],
4644 'acceleration': [
4645 VectorRule('acceleration'),
4646 VectorRule('velocity', differentiate=1),
4647 VectorRule('displacement', differentiate=2)],
4648 'pore_pressure': [ScalarRule('pore_pressure')],
4649 'vertical_tilt': [HorizontalVectorRule('vertical_tilt')],
4650 'darcy_velocity': [VectorRule('darcy_velocity')],
4651}
4653static_rules = {
4654 'displacement': [StaticDisplacement()]
4655}
4658class OutOfBoundsContext(Object):
4659 source = Source.T()
4660 target = Target.T()
4661 distance = Float.T()
4662 components = List.T(String.T())
4665def process_dynamic_timeseries(work, psources, ptargets, engine, nthreads=0):
4666 dsource_cache = {}
4667 tcounters = list(range(6))
4669 store_ids = set()
4670 sources = set()
4671 targets = set()
4673 for itarget, target in enumerate(ptargets):
4674 target._id = itarget
4676 for w in work:
4677 _, _, isources, itargets = w
4679 sources.update([psources[isource] for isource in isources])
4680 targets.update([ptargets[itarget] for itarget in itargets])
4682 store_ids = set([t.store_id for t in targets])
4684 for isource, source in enumerate(psources):
4686 components = set()
4687 for itarget, target in enumerate(targets):
4688 rule = engine.get_rule(source, target)
4689 components.update(rule.required_components(target))
4691 for store_id in store_ids:
4692 store_targets = [t for t in targets if t.store_id == store_id]
4694 sample_rates = set([t.sample_rate for t in store_targets])
4695 interpolations = set([t.interpolation for t in store_targets])
4697 base_seismograms = []
4698 store_targets_out = []
4700 for samp_rate in sample_rates:
4701 for interp in interpolations:
4702 engine_targets = [
4703 t for t in store_targets if t.sample_rate == samp_rate
4704 and t.interpolation == interp]
4706 if not engine_targets:
4707 continue
4709 store_targets_out += engine_targets
4711 base_seismograms += engine.base_seismograms(
4712 source,
4713 engine_targets,
4714 components,
4715 dsource_cache,
4716 nthreads)
4718 for iseis, seismogram in enumerate(base_seismograms):
4719 for tr in seismogram.values():
4720 if tr.err != store.SeismosizerErrorEnum.SUCCESS:
4721 e = SeismosizerError(
4722 'Seismosizer failed with return code %i\n%s' % (
4723 tr.err, str(
4724 OutOfBoundsContext(
4725 source=source,
4726 target=store_targets[iseis],
4727 distance=source.distance_to(
4728 store_targets[iseis]),
4729 components=components))))
4730 raise e
4732 for seismogram, target in zip(base_seismograms, store_targets_out):
4734 try:
4735 result = engine._post_process_dynamic(
4736 seismogram, source, target)
4737 except SeismosizerError as e:
4738 result = e
4740 yield (isource, target._id, result), tcounters
4743def process_dynamic(work, psources, ptargets, engine, nthreads=0):
4744 dsource_cache = {}
4746 for w in work:
4747 _, _, isources, itargets = w
4749 sources = [psources[isource] for isource in isources]
4750 targets = [ptargets[itarget] for itarget in itargets]
4752 components = set()
4753 for target in targets:
4754 rule = engine.get_rule(sources[0], target)
4755 components.update(rule.required_components(target))
4757 for isource, source in zip(isources, sources):
4758 for itarget, target in zip(itargets, targets):
4760 try:
4761 base_seismogram, tcounters = engine.base_seismogram(
4762 source, target, components, dsource_cache, nthreads)
4763 except meta.OutOfBounds as e:
4764 e.context = OutOfBoundsContext(
4765 source=sources[0],
4766 target=targets[0],
4767 distance=sources[0].distance_to(targets[0]),
4768 components=components)
4769 raise
4771 n_records_stacked = 0
4772 t_optimize = 0.0
4773 t_stack = 0.0
4775 for _, tr in base_seismogram.items():
4776 n_records_stacked += tr.n_records_stacked
4777 t_optimize += tr.t_optimize
4778 t_stack += tr.t_stack
4780 try:
4781 result = engine._post_process_dynamic(
4782 base_seismogram, source, target)
4783 result.n_records_stacked = n_records_stacked
4784 result.n_shared_stacking = len(sources) *\
4785 len(targets)
4786 result.t_optimize = t_optimize
4787 result.t_stack = t_stack
4788 except SeismosizerError as e:
4789 result = e
4791 tcounters.append(xtime())
4792 yield (isource, itarget, result), tcounters
4795def process_static(work, psources, ptargets, engine, nthreads=0):
4796 for w in work:
4797 _, _, isources, itargets = w
4799 sources = [psources[isource] for isource in isources]
4800 targets = [ptargets[itarget] for itarget in itargets]
4802 for isource, source in zip(isources, sources):
4803 for itarget, target in zip(itargets, targets):
4804 components = engine.get_rule(source, target)\
4805 .required_components(target)
4807 try:
4808 base_statics, tcounters = engine.base_statics(
4809 source, target, components, nthreads)
4810 except meta.OutOfBounds as e:
4811 e.context = OutOfBoundsContext(
4812 source=sources[0],
4813 target=targets[0],
4814 distance=float('nan'),
4815 components=components)
4816 raise
4817 result = engine._post_process_statics(
4818 base_statics, source, target)
4819 tcounters.append(xtime())
4821 yield (isource, itarget, result), tcounters
4824class LocalEngine(Engine):
4825 '''
4826 Offline synthetic seismogram calculator.
4828 :param use_env: if ``True``, fill :py:attr:`store_superdirs` and
4829 :py:attr:`store_dirs` with paths set in environment variables
4830 GF_STORE_SUPERDIRS and GF_STORE_DIRS.
4831 :param use_config: if ``True``, fill :py:attr:`store_superdirs` and
4832 :py:attr:`store_dirs` with paths set in the user's config file.
4834 The config file can be found at :file:`~/.pyrocko/config.pf`
4836 .. code-block :: python
4838 gf_store_dirs: ['/home/pyrocko/gf_stores/ak135/']
4839 gf_store_superdirs: ['/home/pyrocko/gf_stores/']
4840 '''
4842 store_superdirs = List.T(
4843 String.T(),
4844 help='directories which are searched for Green\'s function stores')
4846 store_dirs = List.T(
4847 String.T(),
4848 help='additional individual Green\'s function store directories')
4850 default_store_id = String.T(
4851 optional=True,
4852 help='default store ID to be used when a request does not provide '
4853 'one')
4855 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
4856 use_env = kwargs.pop('use_env', False)
4857 use_config = kwargs.pop('use_config', False)
4858 Engine.__init__(self, **kwargs)
4859 if use_env:
4860 env_store_superdirs = os.environ.get('GF_STORE_SUPERDIRS', '')
4861 env_store_dirs = os.environ.get('GF_STORE_DIRS', '')
4862 if env_store_superdirs:
4863 self.store_superdirs.extend(env_store_superdirs.split(':'))
4865 if env_store_dirs:
4866 self.store_dirs.extend(env_store_dirs.split(':'))
4868 if use_config:
4869 c = config.config()
4870 self.store_superdirs.extend(c.gf_store_superdirs)
4871 self.store_dirs.extend(c.gf_store_dirs)
4873 self._check_store_dirs_type()
4874 self._id_to_store_dir = {}
4875 self._open_stores = {}
4876 self._effective_default_store_id = None
4878 def _check_store_dirs_type(self):
4879 for sdir in ['store_dirs', 'store_superdirs']:
4880 if not isinstance(self.__getattribute__(sdir), list):
4881 raise TypeError("{} of {} is not of type list".format(
4882 sdir, self.__class__.__name__))
4884 def _get_store_id(self, store_dir):
4885 store_ = store.Store(store_dir)
4886 store_id = store_.config.id
4887 store_.close()
4888 return store_id
4890 def _looks_like_store_dir(self, store_dir):
4891 return os.path.isdir(store_dir) and \
4892 all(os.path.isfile(pjoin(store_dir, x)) for x in
4893 ('index', 'traces', 'config'))
4895 def iter_store_dirs(self):
4896 store_dirs = set()
4897 for d in self.store_superdirs:
4898 if not os.path.exists(d):
4899 logger.warning('store_superdir not available: %s' % d)
4900 continue
4902 for entry in os.listdir(d):
4903 store_dir = os.path.realpath(pjoin(d, entry))
4904 if self._looks_like_store_dir(store_dir):
4905 store_dirs.add(store_dir)
4907 for store_dir in self.store_dirs:
4908 store_dirs.add(os.path.realpath(store_dir))
4910 return store_dirs
4912 def _scan_stores(self):
4913 for store_dir in self.iter_store_dirs():
4914 store_id = self._get_store_id(store_dir)
4915 if store_id not in self._id_to_store_dir:
4916 self._id_to_store_dir[store_id] = store_dir
4917 else:
4918 if store_dir != self._id_to_store_dir[store_id]:
4919 raise DuplicateStoreId(
4920 'GF store ID %s is used in (at least) two '
4921 'different stores. Locations are: %s and %s' %
4922 (store_id, self._id_to_store_dir[store_id], store_dir))
4924 def get_store_dir(self, store_id):
4925 '''
4926 Lookup directory given a GF store ID.
4927 '''
4929 if store_id not in self._id_to_store_dir:
4930 self._scan_stores()
4932 if store_id not in self._id_to_store_dir:
4933 raise NoSuchStore(store_id, self.iter_store_dirs())
4935 return self._id_to_store_dir[store_id]
4937 def get_store_ids(self):
4938 '''
4939 Get list of available store IDs.
4940 '''
4942 self._scan_stores()
4943 return sorted(self._id_to_store_dir.keys())
4945 def effective_default_store_id(self):
4946 if self._effective_default_store_id is None:
4947 if self.default_store_id is None:
4948 store_ids = self.get_store_ids()
4949 if len(store_ids) == 1:
4950 self._effective_default_store_id = self.get_store_ids()[0]
4951 else:
4952 raise NoDefaultStoreSet()
4953 else:
4954 self._effective_default_store_id = self.default_store_id
4956 return self._effective_default_store_id
4958 def get_store(self, store_id=None):
4959 '''
4960 Get a store from the engine.
4962 :param store_id: identifier of the store (optional)
4963 :returns: :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store` object
4965 If no ``store_id`` is provided the store
4966 associated with the :py:gattr:`default_store_id` is returned.
4967 Raises :py:exc:`NoDefaultStoreSet` if :py:gattr:`default_store_id` is
4968 undefined.
4969 '''
4971 if store_id is None:
4972 store_id = self.effective_default_store_id()
4974 if store_id not in self._open_stores:
4975 store_dir = self.get_store_dir(store_id)
4976 self._open_stores[store_id] = store.Store(store_dir)
4978 return self._open_stores[store_id]
4980 def get_store_config(self, store_id):
4981 store = self.get_store(store_id)
4982 return store.config
4984 def get_store_extra(self, store_id, key):
4985 store = self.get_store(store_id)
4986 return store.get_extra(key)
4988 def close_cashed_stores(self):
4989 '''
4990 Close and remove ids from cashed stores.
4991 '''
4992 store_ids = []
4993 for store_id, store_ in self._open_stores.items():
4994 store_.close()
4995 store_ids.append(store_id)
4997 for store_id in store_ids:
4998 self._open_stores.pop(store_id)
5000 def get_rule(self, source, target):
5001 cprovided = self.get_store(target.store_id).get_provided_components()
5003 if isinstance(target, StaticTarget):
5004 quantity = target.quantity
5005 available_rules = static_rules
5006 elif isinstance(target, Target):
5007 quantity = target.effective_quantity()
5008 available_rules = channel_rules
5010 try:
5011 for rule in available_rules[quantity]:
5012 cneeded = rule.required_components(target)
5013 if all(c in cprovided for c in cneeded):
5014 return rule
5016 except KeyError:
5017 pass
5019 raise BadRequest(
5020 'No rule to calculate "%s" with GFs from store "%s" '
5021 'for source model "%s".' % (
5022 target.effective_quantity(),
5023 target.store_id,
5024 source.__class__.__name__))
5026 def _cached_discretize_basesource(self, source, store, cache, target):
5027 if (source, store) not in cache:
5028 cache[source, store] = source.discretize_basesource(store, target)
5030 return cache[source, store]
5032 def base_seismograms(self, source, targets, components, dsource_cache,
5033 nthreads=0):
5035 target = targets[0]
5037 interp = set([t.interpolation for t in targets])
5038 if len(interp) > 1:
5039 raise BadRequest('Targets have different interpolation schemes.')
5041 rates = set([t.sample_rate for t in targets])
5042 if len(rates) > 1:
5043 raise BadRequest('Targets have different sample rates.')
5045 store_ = self.get_store(target.store_id)
5046 receivers = [t.receiver(store_) for t in targets]
5048 if target.sample_rate is not None:
5049 deltat = 1. / target.sample_rate
5050 rate = target.sample_rate
5051 else:
5052 deltat = None
5053 rate = store_.config.sample_rate
5055 tmin = num.fromiter(
5056 (t.tmin for t in targets), dtype=float, count=len(targets))
5057 tmax = num.fromiter(
5058 (t.tmax for t in targets), dtype=float, count=len(targets))
5060 itmin = num.floor(tmin * rate).astype(num.int64)
5061 itmax = num.ceil(tmax * rate).astype(num.int64)
5062 nsamples = itmax - itmin + 1
5064 mask = num.isnan(tmin)
5065 itmin[mask] = 0
5066 nsamples[mask] = -1
5068 base_source = self._cached_discretize_basesource(
5069 source, store_, dsource_cache, target)
5071 base_seismograms = store_.calc_seismograms(
5072 base_source, receivers, components,
5073 deltat=deltat,
5074 itmin=itmin, nsamples=nsamples,
5075 interpolation=target.interpolation,
5076 optimization=target.optimization,
5077 nthreads=nthreads)
5079 for i, base_seismogram in enumerate(base_seismograms):
5080 base_seismograms[i] = store.make_same_span(base_seismogram)
5082 return base_seismograms
5084 def base_seismogram(self, source, target, components, dsource_cache,
5085 nthreads):
5087 tcounters = [xtime()]
5089 store_ = self.get_store(target.store_id)
5090 receiver = target.receiver(store_)
5092 if target.tmin and target.tmax is not None:
5093 rate = store_.config.sample_rate
5094 itmin = int(num.floor(target.tmin * rate))
5095 itmax = int(num.ceil(target.tmax * rate))
5096 nsamples = itmax - itmin + 1
5097 else:
5098 itmin = None
5099 nsamples = None
5101 tcounters.append(xtime())
5102 base_source = self._cached_discretize_basesource(
5103 source, store_, dsource_cache, target)
5105 tcounters.append(xtime())
5107 if target.sample_rate is not None:
5108 deltat = 1. / target.sample_rate
5109 else:
5110 deltat = None
5112 base_seismogram = store_.seismogram(
5113 base_source, receiver, components,
5114 deltat=deltat,
5115 itmin=itmin, nsamples=nsamples,
5116 interpolation=target.interpolation,
5117 optimization=target.optimization,
5118 nthreads=nthreads)
5120 tcounters.append(xtime())
5122 base_seismogram = store.make_same_span(base_seismogram)
5124 tcounters.append(xtime())
5126 return base_seismogram, tcounters
5128 def base_statics(self, source, target, components, nthreads):
5129 tcounters = [xtime()]
5130 store_ = self.get_store(target.store_id)
5132 if target.tsnapshot is not None:
5133 rate = store_.config.sample_rate
5134 itsnapshot = int(num.floor(target.tsnapshot * rate))
5135 else:
5136 itsnapshot = None
5137 tcounters.append(xtime())
5139 base_source = source.discretize_basesource(store_, target=target)
5141 tcounters.append(xtime())
5143 base_statics = store_.statics(
5144 base_source,
5145 target,
5146 itsnapshot,
5147 components,
5148 target.interpolation,
5149 nthreads)
5151 tcounters.append(xtime())
5153 return base_statics, tcounters
5155 def _post_process_dynamic(self, base_seismogram, source, target):
5156 base_any = next(iter(base_seismogram.values()))
5157 deltat = base_any.deltat
5158 itmin = base_any.itmin
5160 rule = self.get_rule(source, target)
5161 data = rule.apply_(target, base_seismogram)
5163 factor = source.get_factor() * target.get_factor()
5164 if factor != 1.0:
5165 data = data * factor
5167 stf = source.effective_stf_post()
5169 times, amplitudes = stf.discretize_t(
5170 deltat, 0.0)
5172 # repeat end point to prevent boundary effects
5173 padded_data = num.empty(data.size + amplitudes.size, dtype=float)
5174 padded_data[:data.size] = data
5175 padded_data[data.size:] = data[-1]
5176 data = num.convolve(amplitudes, padded_data)
5178 tmin = itmin * deltat + times[0]
5180 tr = meta.SeismosizerTrace(
5181 codes=target.codes,
5182 data=data[:-amplitudes.size],
5183 deltat=deltat,
5184 tmin=tmin)
5186 return target.post_process(self, source, tr)
5188 def _post_process_statics(self, base_statics, source, starget):
5189 rule = self.get_rule(source, starget)
5190 data = rule.apply_(starget, base_statics)
5192 factor = source.get_factor()
5193 if factor != 1.0:
5194 for v in data.values():
5195 v *= factor
5197 return starget.post_process(self, source, base_statics)
5199 def process(self, *args, **kwargs):
5200 '''
5201 Process a request.
5203 ::
5205 process(**kwargs)
5206 process(request, **kwargs)
5207 process(sources, targets, **kwargs)
5209 The request can be given a a :py:class:`Request` object, or such an
5210 object is created using ``Request(**kwargs)`` for convenience.
5212 :returns: :py:class:`Response` object
5213 '''
5215 if len(args) not in (0, 1, 2):
5216 raise BadRequest('Invalid arguments.')
5218 if len(args) == 1:
5219 kwargs['request'] = args[0]
5221 elif len(args) == 2:
5222 kwargs.update(Request.args2kwargs(args))
5224 request = kwargs.pop('request', None)
5225 status_callback = kwargs.pop('status_callback', None)
5226 calc_timeseries = kwargs.pop('calc_timeseries', True)
5228 nprocs = kwargs.pop('nprocs', None)
5229 nthreads = kwargs.pop('nthreads', 1)
5230 if nprocs is not None:
5231 nthreads = nprocs
5233 if request is None:
5234 request = Request(**kwargs)
5236 if resource:
5237 rs0 = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF)
5238 rc0 = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_CHILDREN)
5239 tt0 = xtime()
5241 # make sure stores are open before fork()
5242 store_ids = set(target.store_id for target in request.targets)
5243 for store_id in store_ids:
5244 self.get_store(store_id)
5246 source_index = dict((x, i) for (i, x) in
5247 enumerate(request.sources))
5248 target_index = dict((x, i) for (i, x) in
5249 enumerate(request.targets))
5251 m = request.subrequest_map()
5253 skeys = sorted(m.keys(), key=cmp_to_key(cmp_none_aware))
5254 results_list = []
5256 for i in range(len(request.sources)):
5257 results_list.append([None] * len(request.targets))
5259 tcounters_dyn_list = []
5260 tcounters_static_list = []
5261 nsub = len(skeys)
5262 isub = 0
5264 # Processing dynamic targets through
5265 # parimap(process_subrequest_dynamic)
5267 if calc_timeseries:
5268 _process_dynamic = process_dynamic_timeseries
5269 else:
5270 _process_dynamic = process_dynamic
5272 if request.has_dynamic:
5273 work_dynamic = [
5274 (i, nsub,
5275 [source_index[source] for source in m[k][0]],
5276 [target_index[target] for target in m[k][1]
5277 if not isinstance(target, StaticTarget)])
5278 for (i, k) in enumerate(skeys)]
5280 for ii_results, tcounters_dyn in _process_dynamic(
5281 work_dynamic, request.sources, request.targets, self,
5282 nthreads):
5284 tcounters_dyn_list.append(num.diff(tcounters_dyn))
5285 isource, itarget, result = ii_results
5286 results_list[isource][itarget] = result
5288 if status_callback:
5289 status_callback(isub, nsub)
5291 isub += 1
5293 # Processing static targets through process_static
5294 if request.has_statics:
5295 work_static = [
5296 (i, nsub,
5297 [source_index[source] for source in m[k][0]],
5298 [target_index[target] for target in m[k][1]
5299 if isinstance(target, StaticTarget)])
5300 for (i, k) in enumerate(skeys)]
5302 for ii_results, tcounters_static in process_static(
5303 work_static, request.sources, request.targets, self,
5304 nthreads=nthreads):
5306 tcounters_static_list.append(num.diff(tcounters_static))
5307 isource, itarget, result = ii_results
5308 results_list[isource][itarget] = result
5310 if status_callback:
5311 status_callback(isub, nsub)
5313 isub += 1
5315 if status_callback:
5316 status_callback(nsub, nsub)
5318 tt1 = time.time()
5319 if resource:
5320 rs1 = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF)
5321 rc1 = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_CHILDREN)
5323 s = ProcessingStats()
5325 if request.has_dynamic:
5326 tcumu_dyn = num.sum(num.vstack(tcounters_dyn_list), axis=0)
5327 t_dyn = float(num.sum(tcumu_dyn))
5328 perc_dyn = map(float, tcumu_dyn / t_dyn * 100.)
5329 (s.t_perc_get_store_and_receiver,
5330 s.t_perc_discretize_source,
5331 s.t_perc_make_base_seismogram,
5332 s.t_perc_make_same_span,
5333 s.t_perc_post_process) = perc_dyn
5334 else:
5335 t_dyn = 0.
5337 if request.has_statics:
5338 tcumu_static = num.sum(num.vstack(tcounters_static_list), axis=0)
5339 t_static = num.sum(tcumu_static)
5340 perc_static = map(float, tcumu_static / t_static * 100.)
5341 (s.t_perc_static_get_store,
5342 s.t_perc_static_discretize_basesource,
5343 s.t_perc_static_sum_statics,
5344 s.t_perc_static_post_process) = perc_static
5346 s.t_wallclock = tt1 - tt0
5347 if resource:
5348 s.t_cpu = (
5349 (rs1.ru_utime + rs1.ru_stime + rc1.ru_utime + rc1.ru_stime) -
5350 (rs0.ru_utime + rs0.ru_stime + rc0.ru_utime + rc0.ru_stime))
5351 s.n_read_blocks = (
5352 (rs1.ru_inblock + rc1.ru_inblock) -
5353 (rs0.ru_inblock + rc0.ru_inblock))
5355 n_records_stacked = 0.
5356 for results in results_list:
5357 for result in results:
5358 if not isinstance(result, meta.Result):
5359 continue
5360 shr = float(result.n_shared_stacking)
5361 n_records_stacked += result.n_records_stacked / shr
5362 s.t_perc_optimize += result.t_optimize / shr
5363 s.t_perc_stack += result.t_stack / shr
5364 s.n_records_stacked = int(n_records_stacked)
5365 if t_dyn != 0.:
5366 s.t_perc_optimize /= t_dyn * 100
5367 s.t_perc_stack /= t_dyn * 100
5369 return Response(
5370 request=request,
5371 results_list=results_list,
5372 stats=s)
5375class RemoteEngine(Engine):
5376 '''
5377 Client for remote synthetic seismogram calculator.
5378 '''
5380 site = String.T(default=ws.g_default_site, optional=True)
5381 url = String.T(default=ws.g_url, optional=True)
5383 def process(self, request=None, status_callback=None, **kwargs):
5385 if request is None:
5386 request = Request(**kwargs)
5388 return ws.seismosizer(url=self.url, site=self.site, request=request)
5391g_engine = None
5394def get_engine(store_superdirs=[]):
5395 global g_engine
5396 if g_engine is None:
5397 g_engine = LocalEngine(use_env=True, use_config=True)
5399 for d in store_superdirs:
5400 if d not in g_engine.store_superdirs:
5401 g_engine.store_superdirs.append(d)
5403 return g_engine
5406class SourceGroup(Object):
5408 def __getattr__(self, k):
5409 return num.fromiter((getattr(s, k) for s in self),
5410 dtype=float)
5412 def __iter__(self):
5413 raise NotImplementedError(
5414 'This method should be implemented in subclass.')
5416 def __len__(self):
5417 raise NotImplementedError(
5418 'This method should be implemented in subclass.')
5421class SourceList(SourceGroup):
5422 sources = List.T(Source.T())
5424 def append(self, s):
5425 self.sources.append(s)
5427 def __iter__(self):
5428 return iter(self.sources)
5430 def __len__(self):
5431 return len(self.sources)
5434class SourceGrid(SourceGroup):
5436 base = Source.T()
5437 variables = Dict.T(String.T(), Range.T())
5438 order = List.T(String.T())
5440 def __len__(self):
5441 n = 1
5442 for (k, v) in self.make_coords(self.base):
5443 n *= len(list(v))
5445 return n
5447 def __iter__(self):
5448 for items in permudef(self.make_coords(self.base)):
5449 s = self.base.clone(**{k: v for (k, v) in items})
5450 s.regularize()
5451 yield s
5453 def ordered_params(self):
5454 ks = list(self.variables.keys())
5455 for k in self.order + list(self.base.keys()):
5456 if k in ks:
5457 yield k
5458 ks.remove(k)
5459 if ks:
5460 raise Exception('Invalid parameter "%s" for source type "%s".' %
5461 (ks[0], self.base.__class__.__name__))
5463 def make_coords(self, base):
5464 return [(param, self.variables[param].make(base=base[param]))
5465 for param in self.ordered_params()]
5468source_classes = [
5469 Source,
5470 SourceWithMagnitude,
5471 SourceWithDerivedMagnitude,
5472 ExplosionSource,
5473 RectangularExplosionSource,
5474 DCSource,
5475 CLVDSource,
5476 VLVDSource,
5477 MTSource,
5478 RectangularSource,
5479 PseudoDynamicRupture,
5480 DoubleDCSource,
5481 RingfaultSource,
5482 CombiSource,
5483 SFSource,
5484 PorePressurePointSource,
5485 PorePressureLineSource,
5486]
5488stf_classes = [
5489 STF,
5490 BoxcarSTF,
5491 TriangularSTF,
5492 HalfSinusoidSTF,
5493 ResonatorSTF,
5494]
5496__all__ = '''
5497SeismosizerError
5498BadRequest
5499NoSuchStore
5500DerivedMagnitudeError
5501STFMode
5502'''.split() + [S.__name__ for S in source_classes + stf_classes] + '''
5503Request
5504ProcessingStats
5505Response
5506Engine
5507LocalEngine
5508RemoteEngine
5509source_classes
5510get_engine
5511Range
5512SourceGroup
5513SourceList
5514SourceGrid
5515map_anchor
5516'''.split()