1# http://pyrocko.org - GPLv3
2#
3# The Pyrocko Developers, 21st Century
4# ---|P------/S----------~Lg----------
6'''
10.. _coordinate-system-names:
12Coordinate systems
13..................
15Coordinate system names commonly used in source models.
17================= ============================================
18Name Description
19================= ============================================
20``'xyz'`` northing, easting, depth in [m]
21``'xy'`` northing, easting in [m]
22``'latlon'`` latitude, longitude in [deg]
23``'lonlat'`` longitude, latitude in [deg]
24``'latlondepth'`` latitude, longitude in [deg], depth in [m]
25================= ============================================
26'''
28from collections import defaultdict
29from functools import cmp_to_key
30import time
31import math
32import os
33import re
34import logging
35try:
36 import resource
37except ImportError:
38 resource = None
39from hashlib import sha1
41import numpy as num
42from scipy.interpolate import RegularGridInterpolator
44from pyrocko.guts import (Object, Float, String, StringChoice, List,
45 Timestamp, Int, SObject, ArgumentError, Dict,
46 ValidationError, Bool)
47from pyrocko.guts_array import Array
49from pyrocko import moment_tensor as pmt
50from pyrocko import trace, util, config, model, eikonal_ext
51from pyrocko.orthodrome import ne_to_latlon
52from pyrocko.model import Location
53from pyrocko.modelling import OkadaSource, make_okada_coefficient_matrix, \
54 okada_ext, invert_fault_dislocations_bem
56from . import meta, store, ws
57from .tractions import TractionField, DirectedTractions
58from .targets import Target, StaticTarget, SatelliteTarget
60pjoin = os.path.join
62guts_prefix = 'pf'
64d2r = math.pi / 180.
65r2d = 180. / math.pi
66km = 1e3
68logger = logging.getLogger('pyrocko.gf.seismosizer')
71def cmp_none_aware(a, b):
72 if isinstance(a, tuple) and isinstance(b, tuple):
73 for xa, xb in zip(a, b):
74 rv = cmp_none_aware(xa, xb)
75 if rv != 0:
76 return rv
78 return 0
80 anone = a is None
81 bnone = b is None
83 if anone and bnone:
84 return 0
86 if anone:
87 return -1
89 if bnone:
90 return 1
92 return bool(a > b) - bool(a < b)
95def xtime():
96 return time.time()
99class SeismosizerError(Exception):
100 pass
103class BadRequest(SeismosizerError):
104 pass
107class DuplicateStoreId(Exception):
108 pass
111class NoDefaultStoreSet(Exception):
112 pass
115class ConversionError(Exception):
116 pass
119class NoSuchStore(BadRequest):
121 def __init__(self, store_id=None, dirs=None):
122 BadRequest.__init__(self)
123 self.store_id = store_id
124 self.dirs = dirs
126 def __str__(self):
127 if self.store_id is not None:
128 rstr = 'no GF store with id "%s" found.' % self.store_id
129 else:
130 rstr = 'GF store not found.'
132 if self.dirs is not None:
133 rstr += ' Searched folders:\n %s' % '\n '.join(sorted(self.dirs))
134 return rstr
137def ufloat(s):
138 units = {
139 'k': 1e3,
140 'M': 1e6,
141 }
143 factor = 1.0
144 if s and s[-1] in units:
145 factor = units[s[-1]]
146 s = s[:-1]
147 if not s:
148 raise ValueError("unit without a number: '%s'" % s)
150 return float(s) * factor
153def ufloat_or_none(s):
154 if s:
155 return ufloat(s)
156 else:
157 return None
160def int_or_none(s):
161 if s:
162 return int(s)
163 else:
164 return None
167def nonzero(x, eps=1e-15):
168 return abs(x) > eps
171def permudef(ln, j=0):
172 if j < len(ln):
173 k, v = ln[j]
174 for y in v:
175 ln[j] = k, y
176 for s in permudef(ln, j + 1):
177 yield s
179 ln[j] = k, v
180 return
181 else:
182 yield ln
185def arr(x):
186 return num.atleast_1d(num.asarray(x))
189def discretize_rect_source(deltas, deltat, time, north, east, depth,
190 strike, dip, length, width,
191 anchor, velocity=None, stf=None,
192 nucleation_x=None, nucleation_y=None,
193 decimation_factor=1, pointsonly=False,
194 plane_coords=False,
195 aggressive_oversampling=False):
197 if stf is None:
198 stf = STF()
200 if not velocity and not pointsonly:
201 raise AttributeError('velocity is required in time mode')
203 mindeltagf = float(num.min(deltas))
204 if velocity:
205 mindeltagf = min(mindeltagf, deltat * velocity)
207 ln = length
208 wd = width
210 if aggressive_oversampling:
211 nl = int((2. / decimation_factor) * num.ceil(ln / mindeltagf)) + 1
212 nw = int((2. / decimation_factor) * num.ceil(wd / mindeltagf)) + 1
213 else:
214 nl = int((1. / decimation_factor) * num.ceil(ln / mindeltagf)) + 1
215 nw = int((1. / decimation_factor) * num.ceil(wd / mindeltagf)) + 1
217 n = int(nl * nw)
219 dl = ln / nl
220 dw = wd / nw
222 xl = num.linspace(-0.5 * (ln - dl), 0.5 * (ln - dl), nl)
223 xw = num.linspace(-0.5 * (wd - dw), 0.5 * (wd - dw), nw)
225 points = num.zeros((n, 3))
226 points[:, 0] = num.tile(xl, nw)
227 points[:, 1] = num.repeat(xw, nl)
229 if nucleation_x is not None:
230 dist_x = num.abs(nucleation_x - points[:, 0])
231 else:
232 dist_x = num.zeros(n)
234 if nucleation_y is not None:
235 dist_y = num.abs(nucleation_y - points[:, 1])
236 else:
237 dist_y = num.zeros(n)
239 dist = num.sqrt(dist_x**2 + dist_y**2)
240 times = dist / velocity
242 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[anchor]
244 points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * length
245 points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * width
247 if plane_coords:
248 return points, dl, dw, nl, nw
250 rotmat = pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0)
251 points = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
253 points[:, 0] += north
254 points[:, 1] += east
255 points[:, 2] += depth
257 if pointsonly:
258 return points, dl, dw, nl, nw
260 xtau, amplitudes = stf.discretize_t(deltat, time)
261 nt = xtau.size
263 points2 = num.repeat(points, nt, axis=0)
264 times2 = (times[:, num.newaxis] + xtau[num.newaxis, :]).ravel()
265 amplitudes2 = num.tile(amplitudes, n)
267 return points2, times2, amplitudes2, dl, dw, nl, nw
270def check_rect_source_discretisation(points2, nl, nw, store):
271 # We assume a non-rotated fault plane
272 N_CRITICAL = 8
273 points = points2.T.reshape((3, nl, nw))
274 if points.size <= N_CRITICAL:
275 logger.warning('RectangularSource is defined by only %d sub-sources!'
276 % points.size)
277 return True
279 distances = num.sqrt(
280 (points[0, 0, :] - points[0, 1, :])**2 +
281 (points[1, 0, :] - points[1, 1, :])**2 +
282 (points[2, 0, :] - points[2, 1, :])**2)
284 depths = points[2, 0, :]
285 vs_profile = store.config.get_vs(
286 lat=0., lon=0.,
287 points=num.repeat(depths[:, num.newaxis], 3, axis=1),
288 interpolation='multilinear')
290 min_wavelength = vs_profile * (store.config.deltat * 2)
291 if not num.all(min_wavelength > distances / 2):
292 return False
293 return True
296def outline_rect_source(strike, dip, length, width, anchor):
297 ln = length
298 wd = width
299 points = num.array(
300 [[-0.5 * ln, -0.5 * wd, 0.],
301 [0.5 * ln, -0.5 * wd, 0.],
302 [0.5 * ln, 0.5 * wd, 0.],
303 [-0.5 * ln, 0.5 * wd, 0.],
304 [-0.5 * ln, -0.5 * wd, 0.]])
306 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[anchor]
307 points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * length
308 points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * width
310 rotmat = pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0)
312 return num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
315def from_plane_coords(
316 strike, dip, length, width, depth, x_plane_coords, y_plane_coords,
317 lat=0., lon=0.,
318 north_shift=0, east_shift=0,
319 anchor='top', cs='xy'):
321 ln = length
322 wd = width
323 x_abs = []
324 y_abs = []
325 if not isinstance(x_plane_coords, list):
326 x_plane_coords = [x_plane_coords]
327 y_plane_coords = [y_plane_coords]
329 for x_plane, y_plane in zip(x_plane_coords, y_plane_coords):
330 points = num.array(
331 [[-0.5 * ln * x_plane, -0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
332 [0.5 * ln * x_plane, -0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
333 [0.5 * ln * x_plane, 0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
334 [-0.5 * ln * x_plane, 0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.],
335 [-0.5 * ln * x_plane, -0.5 * wd * y_plane, 0.]])
337 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[anchor]
338 points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * length
339 points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * width
341 rotmat = pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0)
343 points = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
344 points[:, 0] += north_shift
345 points[:, 1] += east_shift
346 points[:, 2] += depth
347 if cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat'):
348 latlon = ne_to_latlon(lat, lon,
349 points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
350 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
351 x_abs.append(latlon[1:2, 1])
352 y_abs.append(latlon[2:3, 0])
353 if cs == 'xy':
354 x_abs.append(points[1:2, 1])
355 y_abs.append(points[2:3, 0])
357 if cs == 'lonlat':
358 return y_abs, x_abs
359 else:
360 return x_abs, y_abs
363def points_on_rect_source(
364 strike, dip, length, width, anchor,
365 discretized_basesource=None, points_x=None, points_y=None):
367 ln = length
368 wd = width
370 if isinstance(points_x, list) or isinstance(points_x, float):
371 points_x = num.array([points_x])
372 if isinstance(points_y, list) or isinstance(points_y, float):
373 points_y = num.array([points_y])
375 if discretized_basesource:
376 ds = discretized_basesource
378 nl_patches = ds.nl + 1
379 nw_patches = ds.nw + 1
381 npoints = nl_patches * nw_patches
382 points = num.zeros((npoints, 3))
383 ln_patches = num.array([il for il in range(nl_patches)])
384 wd_patches = num.array([iw for iw in range(nw_patches)])
386 points_ln =\
387 2 * ((ln_patches - num.min(ln_patches)) / num.ptp(ln_patches)) - 1
388 points_wd =\
389 2 * ((wd_patches - num.min(wd_patches)) / num.ptp(wd_patches)) - 1
391 for il in range(nl_patches):
392 for iw in range(nw_patches):
393 points[il * nw_patches + iw, :] = num.array([
394 points_ln[il] * ln * 0.5,
395 points_wd[iw] * wd * 0.5, 0.0])
397 elif points_x.shape[0] > 0 and points_y.shape[0] > 0:
398 points = num.zeros(shape=((len(points_x), 3)))
399 for i, (x, y) in enumerate(zip(points_x, points_y)):
400 points[i, :] = num.array(
401 [x * 0.5 * ln, y * 0.5 * wd, 0.0])
403 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[anchor]
405 points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * ln
406 points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * wd
408 rotmat = pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0)
410 return num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
413class InvalidGridDef(Exception):
414 pass
417class Range(SObject):
418 '''
419 Convenient range specification.
421 Equivalent ways to sepecify the range [ 0., 1000., ... 10000. ]::
423 Range('0 .. 10k : 1k')
424 Range(start=0., stop=10e3, step=1e3)
425 Range(0, 10e3, 1e3)
426 Range('0 .. 10k @ 11')
427 Range(start=0., stop=10*km, n=11)
429 Range(0, 10e3, n=11)
430 Range(values=[x*1e3 for x in range(11)])
432 Depending on the use context, it can be possible to omit any part of the
433 specification. E.g. in the context of extracting a subset of an already
434 existing range, the existing range's specification values would be filled
435 in where missing.
437 The values are distributed with equal spacing, unless the ``spacing``
438 argument is modified. The values can be created offset or relative to an
439 external base value with the ``relative`` argument if the use context
440 supports this.
442 The range specification can be expressed with a short string
443 representation::
445 'start .. stop @ num | spacing, relative'
446 'start .. stop : step | spacing, relative'
448 most parts of the expression can be omitted if not needed. Whitespace is
449 allowed for readability but can also be omitted.
450 '''
452 start = Float.T(optional=True)
453 stop = Float.T(optional=True)
454 step = Float.T(optional=True)
455 n = Int.T(optional=True)
456 values = Array.T(optional=True, dtype=float, shape=(None,))
458 spacing = StringChoice.T(
459 choices=['lin', 'log', 'symlog'],
460 default='lin',
461 optional=True)
463 relative = StringChoice.T(
464 choices=['', 'add', 'mult'],
465 default='',
466 optional=True)
468 pattern = re.compile(r'^((?P<start>.*)\.\.(?P<stop>[^@|:]*))?'
469 r'(@(?P<n>[^|]+)|:(?P<step>[^|]+))?'
470 r'(\|(?P<stuff>.+))?$')
472 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
473 d = {}
474 if len(args) == 1:
475 d = self.parse(args[0])
476 elif len(args) in (2, 3):
477 d['start'], d['stop'] = [float(x) for x in args[:2]]
478 if len(args) == 3:
479 d['step'] = float(args[2])
481 for k, v in kwargs.items():
482 if k in d:
483 raise ArgumentError('%s specified more than once' % k)
485 d[k] = v
487 SObject.__init__(self, **d)
489 def __str__(self):
490 def sfloat(x):
491 if x is not None:
492 return '%g' % x
493 else:
494 return ''
496 if self.values:
497 return ','.join('%g' % x for x in self.values)
499 if self.start is None and self.stop is None:
500 s0 = ''
501 else:
502 s0 = '%s .. %s' % (sfloat(self.start), sfloat(self.stop))
504 s1 = ''
505 if self.step is not None:
506 s1 = [' : %g', ':%g'][s0 == ''] % self.step
507 elif self.n is not None:
508 s1 = [' @ %i', '@%i'][s0 == ''] % self.n
510 if self.spacing == 'lin' and self.relative == '':
511 s2 = ''
512 else:
513 x = []
514 if self.spacing != 'lin':
515 x.append(self.spacing)
517 if self.relative != '':
518 x.append(self.relative)
520 s2 = ' | %s' % ','.join(x)
522 return s0 + s1 + s2
524 @classmethod
525 def parse(cls, s):
526 s = re.sub(r'\s+', '', s)
527 m = cls.pattern.match(s)
528 if not m:
529 try:
530 vals = [ufloat(x) for x in s.split(',')]
531 except Exception:
532 raise InvalidGridDef(
533 '"%s" is not a valid range specification' % s)
535 return dict(values=num.array(vals, dtype=float))
537 d = m.groupdict()
538 try:
539 start = ufloat_or_none(d['start'])
540 stop = ufloat_or_none(d['stop'])
541 step = ufloat_or_none(d['step'])
542 n = int_or_none(d['n'])
543 except Exception:
544 raise InvalidGridDef(
545 '"%s" is not a valid range specification' % s)
547 spacing = 'lin'
548 relative = ''
550 if d['stuff'] is not None:
551 t = d['stuff'].split(',')
552 for x in t:
553 if x in cls.spacing.choices:
554 spacing = x
555 elif x and x in cls.relative.choices:
556 relative = x
557 else:
558 raise InvalidGridDef(
559 '"%s" is not a valid range specification' % s)
561 return dict(start=start, stop=stop, step=step, n=n, spacing=spacing,
562 relative=relative)
564 def make(self, mi=None, ma=None, inc=None, base=None, eps=1e-5):
565 if self.values:
566 return self.values
568 start = self.start
569 stop = self.stop
570 step = self.step
571 n = self.n
573 swap = step is not None and step < 0.
574 if start is None:
575 start = [mi, ma][swap]
576 if stop is None:
577 stop = [ma, mi][swap]
578 if step is None and inc is not None:
579 step = [inc, -inc][ma < mi]
581 if start is None or stop is None:
582 raise InvalidGridDef(
583 'Cannot use range specification "%s" without start '
584 'and stop in this context' % self)
586 if step is None and n is None:
587 step = stop - start
589 if n is None:
590 if (step < 0) != (stop - start < 0):
591 raise InvalidGridDef(
592 'Range specification "%s" has inconsistent ordering '
593 '(step < 0 => stop > start)' % self)
595 n = int(round((stop - start) / step)) + 1
596 stop2 = start + (n - 1) * step
597 if abs(stop - stop2) > eps:
598 n = int(math.floor((stop - start) / step)) + 1
599 stop = start + (n - 1) * step
600 else:
601 stop = stop2
603 if start == stop:
604 n = 1
606 if self.spacing == 'lin':
607 vals = num.linspace(start, stop, n)
609 elif self.spacing in ('log', 'symlog'):
610 if start > 0. and stop > 0.:
611 vals = num.exp(num.linspace(num.log(start),
612 num.log(stop), n))
613 elif start < 0. and stop < 0.:
614 vals = -num.exp(num.linspace(num.log(-start),
615 num.log(-stop), n))
616 else:
617 raise InvalidGridDef(
618 'Log ranges should not include or cross zero '
619 '(in range specification "%s").' % self)
621 if self.spacing == 'symlog':
622 nvals = - vals
623 vals = num.concatenate((nvals[::-1], vals))
625 if self.relative in ('add', 'mult') and base is None:
626 raise InvalidGridDef(
627 'Cannot use relative range specification in this context.')
629 vals = self.make_relative(base, vals)
631 return list(map(float, vals))
633 def make_relative(self, base, vals):
634 if self.relative == 'add':
635 vals += base
637 if self.relative == 'mult':
638 vals *= base
640 return vals
643class GridDefElement(Object):
645 param = meta.StringID.T()
646 rs = Range.T()
648 def __init__(self, shorthand=None, **kwargs):
649 if shorthand is not None:
650 t = shorthand.split('=')
651 if len(t) != 2:
652 raise InvalidGridDef(
653 'Invalid grid specification element: %s' % shorthand)
655 sp, sr = t[0].strip(), t[1].strip()
657 kwargs['param'] = sp
658 kwargs['rs'] = Range(sr)
660 Object.__init__(self, **kwargs)
662 def shorthand(self):
663 return self.param + ' = ' + str(self.rs)
666class GridDef(Object):
668 elements = List.T(GridDefElement.T())
670 def __init__(self, shorthand=None, **kwargs):
671 if shorthand is not None:
672 t = shorthand.splitlines()
673 tt = []
674 for x in t:
675 x = x.strip()
676 if x:
677 tt.extend(x.split(';'))
679 elements = []
680 for se in tt:
681 elements.append(GridDef(se))
683 kwargs['elements'] = elements
685 Object.__init__(self, **kwargs)
687 def shorthand(self):
688 return '; '.join(str(x) for x in self.elements)
691class Cloneable(object):
693 def __iter__(self):
694 return iter(self.T.propnames)
696 def __getitem__(self, k):
697 if k not in self.keys():
698 raise KeyError(k)
700 return getattr(self, k)
702 def __setitem__(self, k, v):
703 if k not in self.keys():
704 raise KeyError(k)
706 return setattr(self, k, v)
708 def clone(self, **kwargs):
709 '''
710 Make a copy of the object.
712 A new object of the same class is created and initialized with the
713 parameters of the object on which this method is called on. If
714 ``kwargs`` are given, these are used to override any of the
715 initialization parameters.
716 '''
718 d = dict(self)
719 for k in d:
720 v = d[k]
721 if isinstance(v, Cloneable):
722 d[k] = v.clone()
724 d.update(kwargs)
725 return self.__class__(**d)
727 @classmethod
728 def keys(cls):
729 '''
730 Get list of the source model's parameter names.
731 '''
733 return cls.T.propnames
736class STF(Object, Cloneable):
738 '''
739 Base class for source time functions.
740 '''
742 def __init__(self, effective_duration=None, **kwargs):
743 if effective_duration is not None:
744 kwargs['duration'] = effective_duration / \
745 self.factor_duration_to_effective()
747 Object.__init__(self, **kwargs)
749 @classmethod
750 def factor_duration_to_effective(cls):
751 return 1.0
753 def centroid_time(self, tref):
754 return tref
756 @property
757 def effective_duration(self):
758 return self.duration * self.factor_duration_to_effective()
760 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
761 tl = math.floor(tref / deltat) * deltat
762 th = math.ceil(tref / deltat) * deltat
763 if tl == th:
764 return num.array([tl], dtype=float), num.ones(1)
765 else:
766 return (
767 num.array([tl, th], dtype=float),
768 num.array([th - tref, tref - tl], dtype=float) / deltat)
770 def base_key(self):
771 return (type(self).__name__,)
774g_unit_pulse = STF()
777def sshift(times, amplitudes, tshift, deltat):
779 t0 = math.floor(tshift / deltat) * deltat
780 t1 = math.ceil(tshift / deltat) * deltat
781 if t0 == t1:
782 return times, amplitudes
784 amplitudes2 = num.zeros(amplitudes.size + 1, dtype=float)
786 amplitudes2[:-1] += (t1 - tshift) / deltat * amplitudes
787 amplitudes2[1:] += (tshift - t0) / deltat * amplitudes
789 times2 = num.arange(times.size + 1, dtype=float) * \
790 deltat + times[0] + t0
792 return times2, amplitudes2
795class BoxcarSTF(STF):
797 '''
798 Boxcar type source time function.
800 .. figure :: /static/stf-BoxcarSTF.svg
801 :width: 40%
802 :align: center
803 :alt: boxcar source time function
804 '''
806 duration = Float.T(
807 default=0.0,
808 help='duration of the boxcar')
810 anchor = Float.T(
811 default=0.0,
812 help='anchor point with respect to source.time: ('
813 '-1.0: left -> source duration [0, T] ~ hypocenter time, '
814 ' 0.0: center -> source duration [-T/2, T/2] ~ centroid time, '
815 '+1.0: right -> source duration [-T, 0] ~ rupture end time)')
817 @classmethod
818 def factor_duration_to_effective(cls):
819 return 1.0
821 def centroid_time(self, tref):
822 return tref - 0.5 * self.duration * self.anchor
824 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
825 tmin_stf = tref - self.duration * (self.anchor + 1.) * 0.5
826 tmax_stf = tref + self.duration * (1. - self.anchor) * 0.5
827 tmin = round(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
828 tmax = round(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
829 nt = int(round((tmax - tmin) / deltat)) + 1
830 times = num.linspace(tmin, tmax, nt)
831 amplitudes = num.ones_like(times)
832 if times.size > 1:
833 t_edges = num.linspace(
834 tmin - 0.5 * deltat, tmax + 0.5 * deltat, nt + 1)
835 t = tmin_stf + self.duration * num.array(
836 [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0], dtype=float)
837 f = num.array([0., 1., 1., 0.], dtype=float)
838 amplitudes = util.plf_integrate_piecewise(t_edges, t, f)
839 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
841 tshift = (num.sum(amplitudes * times) - self.centroid_time(tref))
843 return sshift(times, amplitudes, -tshift, deltat)
845 def base_key(self):
846 return (type(self).__name__, self.duration, self.anchor)
849class TriangularSTF(STF):
851 '''
852 Triangular type source time function.
854 .. figure :: /static/stf-TriangularSTF.svg
855 :width: 40%
856 :align: center
857 :alt: triangular source time function
858 '''
860 duration = Float.T(
861 default=0.0,
862 help='baseline of the triangle')
864 peak_ratio = Float.T(
865 default=0.5,
866 help='fraction of time compared to duration, '
867 'when the maximum amplitude is reached')
869 anchor = Float.T(
870 default=0.0,
871 help='anchor point with respect to source.time: ('
872 '-1.0: left -> source duration [0, T] ~ hypocenter time, '
873 ' 0.0: center -> source duration [-T/2, T/2] ~ centroid time, '
874 '+1.0: right -> source duration [-T, 0] ~ rupture end time)')
876 @classmethod
877 def factor_duration_to_effective(cls, peak_ratio=None):
878 if peak_ratio is None:
879 peak_ratio = cls.peak_ratio.default()
881 return math.sqrt((peak_ratio**2 - peak_ratio + 1.0) * 2.0 / 3.0)
883 def __init__(self, effective_duration=None, **kwargs):
884 if effective_duration is not None:
885 kwargs['duration'] = effective_duration / \
886 self.factor_duration_to_effective(
887 kwargs.get('peak_ratio', None))
889 STF.__init__(self, **kwargs)
891 @property
892 def centroid_ratio(self):
893 ra = self.peak_ratio
894 rb = 1.0 - ra
895 return self.peak_ratio + (rb**2 / 3. - ra**2 / 3.) / (ra + rb)
897 def centroid_time(self, tref):
898 ca = self.centroid_ratio
899 cb = 1.0 - ca
900 if self.anchor <= 0.:
901 return tref - ca * self.duration * self.anchor
902 else:
903 return tref - cb * self.duration * self.anchor
905 @property
906 def effective_duration(self):
907 return self.duration * self.factor_duration_to_effective(
908 self.peak_ratio)
910 def tminmax_stf(self, tref):
911 ca = self.centroid_ratio
912 cb = 1.0 - ca
913 if self.anchor <= 0.:
914 tmin_stf = tref - ca * self.duration * (self.anchor + 1.)
915 tmax_stf = tmin_stf + self.duration
916 else:
917 tmax_stf = tref + cb * self.duration * (1. - self.anchor)
918 tmin_stf = tmax_stf - self.duration
920 return tmin_stf, tmax_stf
922 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
923 tmin_stf, tmax_stf = self.tminmax_stf(tref)
925 tmin = round(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
926 tmax = round(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
927 nt = int(round((tmax - tmin) / deltat)) + 1
928 if nt > 1:
929 t_edges = num.linspace(
930 tmin - 0.5 * deltat, tmax + 0.5 * deltat, nt + 1)
931 t = tmin_stf + self.duration * num.array(
932 [0.0, self.peak_ratio, 1.0], dtype=float)
933 f = num.array([0., 1., 0.], dtype=float)
934 amplitudes = util.plf_integrate_piecewise(t_edges, t, f)
935 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
936 else:
937 amplitudes = num.ones(1)
939 times = num.linspace(tmin, tmax, nt)
940 return times, amplitudes
942 def base_key(self):
943 return (
944 type(self).__name__, self.duration, self.peak_ratio, self.anchor)
947class HalfSinusoidSTF(STF):
949 '''
950 Half sinusoid type source time function.
952 .. figure :: /static/stf-HalfSinusoidSTF.svg
953 :width: 40%
954 :align: center
955 :alt: half-sinusouid source time function
956 '''
958 duration = Float.T(
959 default=0.0,
960 help='duration of the half-sinusoid (baseline)')
962 anchor = Float.T(
963 default=0.0,
964 help='anchor point with respect to source.time: ('
965 '-1.0: left -> source duration [0, T] ~ hypocenter time, '
966 ' 0.0: center -> source duration [-T/2, T/2] ~ centroid time, '
967 '+1.0: right -> source duration [-T, 0] ~ rupture end time)')
969 exponent = Int.T(
970 default=1,
971 help='set to 2 to use square of the half-period sinusoidal function.')
973 def __init__(self, effective_duration=None, **kwargs):
974 if effective_duration is not None:
975 kwargs['duration'] = effective_duration / \
976 self.factor_duration_to_effective(
977 kwargs.get('exponent', 1))
979 STF.__init__(self, **kwargs)
981 @classmethod
982 def factor_duration_to_effective(cls, exponent):
983 if exponent == 1:
984 return math.sqrt(3.0 * math.pi**2 - 24.0) / math.pi
985 elif exponent == 2:
986 return math.sqrt(math.pi**2 - 6) / math.pi
987 else:
988 raise ValueError('Exponent for HalfSinusoidSTF must be 1 or 2.')
990 @property
991 def effective_duration(self):
992 return self.duration * self.factor_duration_to_effective(self.exponent)
994 def centroid_time(self, tref):
995 return tref - 0.5 * self.duration * self.anchor
997 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
998 tmin_stf = tref - self.duration * (self.anchor + 1.) * 0.5
999 tmax_stf = tref + self.duration * (1. - self.anchor) * 0.5
1000 tmin = round(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
1001 tmax = round(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
1002 nt = int(round((tmax - tmin) / deltat)) + 1
1003 if nt > 1:
1004 t_edges = num.maximum(tmin_stf, num.minimum(tmax_stf, num.linspace(
1005 tmin - 0.5 * deltat, tmax + 0.5 * deltat, nt + 1)))
1007 if self.exponent == 1:
1008 fint = -num.cos(
1009 (t_edges - tmin_stf) * (math.pi / self.duration))
1011 elif self.exponent == 2:
1012 fint = (t_edges - tmin_stf) / self.duration \
1013 - 1.0 / (2.0 * math.pi) * num.sin(
1014 (t_edges - tmin_stf) * (2.0 * math.pi / self.duration))
1015 else:
1016 raise ValueError(
1017 'Exponent for HalfSinusoidSTF must be 1 or 2.')
1019 amplitudes = fint[1:] - fint[:-1]
1020 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
1021 else:
1022 amplitudes = num.ones(1)
1024 times = num.linspace(tmin, tmax, nt)
1025 return times, amplitudes
1027 def base_key(self):
1028 return (type(self).__name__, self.duration, self.anchor)
1031class SmoothRampSTF(STF):
1032 '''
1033 Smooth-ramp type source time function for near-field displacement.
1034 Based on moment function of double-couple point source proposed by Bruestle
1035 and Mueller (PEPI, 1983).
1037 .. [1] W. Bruestle, G. Mueller (1983), Moment and duration of shallow
1038 earthquakes from Love-wave modelling for regional distances, PEPI 32,
1039 312-324.
1041 .. figure :: /static/stf-SmoothRampSTF.svg
1042 :width: 40%
1043 :alt: smooth ramp source time function
1044 '''
1045 duration = Float.T(
1046 default=0.0,
1047 help='duration of the ramp (baseline)')
1049 rise_ratio = Float.T(
1050 default=0.5,
1051 help='fraction of time compared to duration, '
1052 'when the maximum amplitude is reached')
1054 anchor = Float.T(
1055 default=0.0,
1056 help='anchor point with respect to source.time: ('
1057 '-1.0: left -> source duration ``[0, T]`` ~ hypocenter time, '
1058 '0.0: center -> source duration ``[-T/2, T/2]`` ~ centroid time, '
1059 '+1.0: right -> source duration ``[-T, 0]`` ~ rupture end time)')
1061 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
1062 tmin_stf = tref - self.duration * (self.anchor + 1.) * 0.5
1063 tmax_stf = tref + self.duration * (1. - self.anchor) * 0.5
1064 tmin = round(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
1065 tmax = round(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
1066 D = round((tmax - tmin) / deltat) * deltat
1067 nt = int(round(D / deltat)) + 1
1068 times = num.linspace(tmin, tmax, nt)
1069 if nt > 1:
1070 rise_time = self.rise_ratio * self.duration
1071 amplitudes = num.ones_like(times)
1072 tp = tmin + rise_time
1073 ii = num.where(times <= tp)
1074 t_inc = times[ii]
1075 a = num.cos(num.pi * (t_inc - tmin_stf) / rise_time)
1076 b = num.cos(3 * num.pi * (t_inc - tmin_stf) / rise_time) - 1.0
1077 amplitudes[ii] = (9. / 16.) * (1 - a + (1. / 9.) * b)
1079 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
1080 else:
1081 amplitudes = num.ones(1)
1083 return times, amplitudes
1085 def base_key(self):
1086 return (type(self).__name__,
1087 self.duration, self.rise_ratio, self.anchor)
1090class ResonatorSTF(STF):
1091 '''
1092 Simple resonator like source time function.
1094 .. math ::
1096 f(t) = 0 for t < 0
1097 f(t) = e^{-t/tau} * sin(2 * pi * f * t)
1100 .. figure :: /static/stf-SmoothRampSTF.svg
1101 :width: 40%
1102 :alt: smooth ramp source time function
1104 '''
1106 duration = Float.T(
1107 default=0.0,
1108 help='decay time')
1110 frequency = Float.T(
1111 default=1.0,
1112 help='resonance frequency')
1114 def discretize_t(self, deltat, tref):
1115 tmin_stf = tref
1116 tmax_stf = tref + self.duration * 3
1117 tmin = math.floor(tmin_stf / deltat) * deltat
1118 tmax = math.ceil(tmax_stf / deltat) * deltat
1119 times = util.arange2(tmin, tmax, deltat)
1120 amplitudes = num.exp(-(times - tref) / self.duration) \
1121 * num.sin(2.0 * num.pi * self.frequency * (times - tref))
1123 return times, amplitudes
1125 def base_key(self):
1126 return (type(self).__name__,
1127 self.duration, self.frequency)
1130class STFMode(StringChoice):
1131 choices = ['pre', 'post']
1134class Source(Location, Cloneable):
1135 '''
1136 Base class for all source models.
1137 '''
1139 name = String.T(optional=True, default='')
1141 time = Timestamp.T(
1142 default=Timestamp.D('1970-01-01 00:00:00'),
1143 help='source origin time.')
1145 stf = STF.T(
1146 optional=True,
1147 help='source time function.')
1149 stf_mode = STFMode.T(
1150 default='post',
1151 help='whether to apply source time function in pre or '
1152 'post-processing.')
1154 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
1155 Location.__init__(self, **kwargs)
1157 def update(self, **kwargs):
1158 '''
1159 Change some of the source models parameters.
1161 Example::
1163 >>> from pyrocko import gf
1164 >>> s = gf.DCSource()
1165 >>> s.update(strike=66., dip=33.)
1166 >>> print(s)
1167 --- !pf.DCSource
1168 depth: 0.0
1169 time: 1970-01-01 00:00:00
1170 magnitude: 6.0
1171 strike: 66.0
1172 dip: 33.0
1173 rake: 0.0
1175 '''
1177 for (k, v) in kwargs.items():
1178 self[k] = v
1180 def grid(self, **variables):
1181 '''
1182 Create grid of source model variations.
1184 :returns: :py:class:`SourceGrid` instance.
1186 Example::
1188 >>> from pyrocko import gf
1189 >>> base = DCSource()
1190 >>> R = gf.Range
1191 >>> for s in base.grid(R('
1193 '''
1194 return SourceGrid(base=self, variables=variables)
1196 def base_key(self):
1197 '''
1198 Get key to decide about source discretization / GF stack sharing.
1200 When two source models differ only in amplitude and origin time, the
1201 discretization and the GF stacking can be done only once for a unit
1202 amplitude and a zero origin time and the amplitude and origin times of
1203 the seismograms can be applied during post-processing of the synthetic
1204 seismogram.
1206 For any derived parameterized source model, this method is called to
1207 decide if discretization and stacking of the source should be shared.
1208 When two source models return an equal vector of values discretization
1209 is shared.
1210 '''
1211 return (self.depth, self.lat, self.north_shift,
1212 self.lon, self.east_shift, self.time, type(self).__name__) + \
1213 self.effective_stf_pre().base_key()
1215 def get_factor(self):
1216 '''
1217 Get the scaling factor to be applied during post-processing.
1219 Discretization of the base seismogram is usually done for a unit
1220 amplitude, because a common factor can be efficiently multiplied to
1221 final seismograms. This eliminates to do repeat the stacking when
1222 creating seismograms for a series of source models only differing in
1223 amplitude.
1225 This method should return the scaling factor to apply in the
1226 post-processing (often this is simply the scalar moment of the source).
1227 '''
1229 return 1.0
1231 def effective_stf_pre(self):
1232 '''
1233 Return the STF applied before stacking of the Green's functions.
1235 This STF is used during discretization of the parameterized source
1236 models, i.e. to produce a temporal distribution of point sources.
1238 Handling of the STF before stacking of the GFs is less efficient but
1239 allows to use different source time functions for different parts of
1240 the source.
1241 '''
1243 if self.stf is not None and self.stf_mode == 'pre':
1244 return self.stf
1245 else:
1246 return g_unit_pulse
1248 def effective_stf_post(self):
1249 '''
1250 Return the STF applied after stacking of the Green's fuctions.
1252 This STF is used in the post-processing of the synthetic seismograms.
1254 Handling of the STF after stacking of the GFs is usually more efficient
1255 but is only possible when a common STF is used for all subsources.
1256 '''
1258 if self.stf is not None and self.stf_mode == 'post':
1259 return self.stf
1260 else:
1261 return g_unit_pulse
1263 def _dparams_base(self):
1264 return dict(times=arr(self.time),
1265 lat=self.lat, lon=self.lon,
1266 north_shifts=arr(self.north_shift),
1267 east_shifts=arr(self.east_shift),
1268 depths=arr(self.depth))
1270 def _hash(self):
1271 sha = sha1()
1272 for k in self.base_key():
1273 sha.update(str(k).encode())
1274 return sha.hexdigest()
1276 def _dparams_base_repeated(self, times):
1277 if times is None:
1278 return self._dparams_base()
1280 nt = times.size
1281 north_shifts = num.repeat(self.north_shift, nt)
1282 east_shifts = num.repeat(self.east_shift, nt)
1283 depths = num.repeat(self.depth, nt)
1284 return dict(times=times,
1285 lat=self.lat, lon=self.lon,
1286 north_shifts=north_shifts,
1287 east_shifts=east_shifts,
1288 depths=depths)
1290 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1291 duration = None
1292 if self.stf:
1293 duration = self.stf.effective_duration
1295 return model.Event(
1296 lat=self.lat,
1297 lon=self.lon,
1298 north_shift=self.north_shift,
1299 east_shift=self.east_shift,
1300 time=self.time,
1301 name=self.name,
1302 depth=self.depth,
1303 duration=duration,
1304 **kwargs)
1306 def geometry(self, **kwargs):
1307 raise NotImplementedError
1309 def outline(self, cs='xyz'):
1310 points = num.atleast_2d(num.zeros([1, 3]))
1312 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
1313 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
1314 points[:, 2] += self.depth
1315 if cs == 'xyz':
1316 return points
1317 elif cs == 'xy':
1318 return points[:, :2]
1319 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat'):
1320 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
1321 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
1323 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
1324 if cs == 'latlon':
1325 return latlon
1326 else:
1327 return latlon[:, ::-1]
1329 @classmethod
1330 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
1331 if ev.depth is None:
1332 raise ConversionError(
1333 'Cannot convert event object to source object: '
1334 'no depth information available')
1336 stf = None
1337 if ev.duration is not None:
1338 stf = HalfSinusoidSTF(effective_duration=ev.duration)
1340 d = dict(
1341 name=ev.name,
1342 time=ev.time,
1343 lat=ev.lat,
1344 lon=ev.lon,
1345 north_shift=ev.north_shift,
1346 east_shift=ev.east_shift,
1347 depth=ev.depth,
1348 stf=stf)
1349 d.update(kwargs)
1350 return cls(**d)
1352 def get_magnitude(self):
1353 raise NotImplementedError(
1354 '%s does not implement get_magnitude()'
1355 % self.__class__.__name__)
1358class SourceWithMagnitude(Source):
1359 '''
1360 Base class for sources containing a moment magnitude.
1361 '''
1363 magnitude = Float.T(
1364 default=6.0,
1365 help='Moment magnitude Mw as in [Hanks and Kanamori, 1979]')
1367 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
1368 if 'moment' in kwargs:
1369 mom = kwargs.pop('moment')
1370 if 'magnitude' not in kwargs:
1371 kwargs['magnitude'] = float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(mom))
1373 Source.__init__(self, **kwargs)
1375 @property
1376 def moment(self):
1377 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.magnitude))
1379 @moment.setter
1380 def moment(self, value):
1381 self.magnitude = float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(value))
1383 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1384 return Source.pyrocko_event(
1385 self, store, target,
1386 magnitude=self.magnitude,
1387 **kwargs)
1389 @classmethod
1390 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
1391 d = {}
1392 if ev.magnitude:
1393 d.update(magnitude=ev.magnitude)
1395 d.update(kwargs)
1396 return super(SourceWithMagnitude, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
1398 def get_magnitude(self):
1399 return self.magnitude
1402class DerivedMagnitudeError(ValidationError):
1403 pass
1406class SourceWithDerivedMagnitude(Source):
1408 class __T(Source.T):
1410 def validate_extra(self, val):
1411 Source.T.validate_extra(self, val)
1412 val.check_conflicts()
1414 def check_conflicts(self):
1415 '''
1416 Check for parameter conflicts.
1418 To be overloaded in subclasses. Raises :py:exc:`DerivedMagnitudeError`
1419 on conflicts.
1420 '''
1421 pass
1423 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
1424 raise DerivedMagnitudeError('No magnitude set.')
1426 def get_moment(self, store=None, target=None):
1427 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(
1428 self.get_magnitude(store, target)))
1430 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1431 raise NotImplementedError(
1432 '%s does not implement pyrocko_moment_tensor()'
1433 % self.__class__.__name__)
1435 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1436 try:
1437 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target)
1438 magnitude = self.get_magnitude()
1439 except (DerivedMagnitudeError, NotImplementedError):
1440 mt = None
1441 magnitude = None
1443 return Source.pyrocko_event(
1444 self, store, target,
1445 moment_tensor=mt,
1446 magnitude=magnitude,
1447 **kwargs)
1450class ExplosionSource(SourceWithDerivedMagnitude):
1451 '''
1452 An isotropic explosion point source.
1453 '''
1455 magnitude = Float.T(
1456 optional=True,
1457 help='moment magnitude Mw as in [Hanks and Kanamori, 1979]')
1459 volume_change = Float.T(
1460 optional=True,
1461 help='volume change of the explosion/implosion or '
1462 'the contracting/extending magmatic source. [m^3]')
1464 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedExplosionSource
1466 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
1467 if 'moment' in kwargs:
1468 mom = kwargs.pop('moment')
1469 if 'magnitude' not in kwargs:
1470 kwargs['magnitude'] = float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(mom))
1472 SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.__init__(self, **kwargs)
1474 def base_key(self):
1475 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.base_key(self) + \
1476 (self.volume_change,)
1478 def check_conflicts(self):
1479 if self.magnitude is not None and self.volume_change is not None:
1480 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1481 'Magnitude and volume_change are both defined.')
1483 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
1484 self.check_conflicts()
1486 if self.magnitude is not None:
1487 return self.magnitude
1489 elif self.volume_change is not None:
1490 moment = self.volume_change * \
1491 self.get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(store, target)
1493 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(abs(moment)))
1494 else:
1495 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(1.0))
1497 def get_volume_change(self, store=None, target=None):
1498 self.check_conflicts()
1500 if self.volume_change is not None:
1501 return self.volume_change
1503 elif self.magnitude is not None:
1504 moment = float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.magnitude))
1505 return moment / self.get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(
1506 store, target)
1508 else:
1509 return 1.0 / self.get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(store)
1511 def get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(self, store, target=None):
1512 if store is None:
1513 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1514 'Need earth model to convert between volume change and '
1515 'magnitude.')
1517 points = num.array(
1518 [[self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth]], dtype=float)
1520 interpolation = target.interpolation if target else 'multilinear'
1521 try:
1522 shear_moduli = store.config.get_shear_moduli(
1523 self.lat, self.lon,
1524 points=points,
1525 interpolation=interpolation)[0]
1527 bulk_moduli = store.config.get_bulk_moduli(
1528 self.lat, self.lon,
1529 points=points,
1530 interpolation=interpolation)[0]
1531 except meta.OutOfBounds:
1532 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1533 'Could not get shear modulus at source position.')
1535 return float(2. * shear_moduli + bulk_moduli)
1537 def get_factor(self):
1538 return 1.0
1540 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1541 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1542 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1544 amplitudes *= self.get_moment(store, target) * math.sqrt(2. / 3.)
1546 if self.volume_change is not None:
1547 if self.volume_change < 0.:
1548 amplitudes *= -1
1550 return meta.DiscretizedExplosionSource(
1551 m0s=amplitudes,
1552 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1554 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1555 a = self.get_moment(store, target) * math.sqrt(2. / 3.)
1556 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=pmt.symmat6(a, a, a, 0., 0., 0.))
1559class RectangularExplosionSource(ExplosionSource):
1560 '''
1561 Rectangular or line explosion source.
1562 '''
1564 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedExplosionSource
1566 strike = Float.T(
1567 default=0.0,
1568 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
1570 dip = Float.T(
1571 default=90.0,
1572 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
1574 length = Float.T(
1575 default=0.,
1576 help='length of rectangular source area [m]')
1578 width = Float.T(
1579 default=0.,
1580 help='width of rectangular source area [m]')
1582 anchor = StringChoice.T(
1583 choices=['top', 'top_left', 'top_right', 'center', 'bottom',
1584 'bottom_left', 'bottom_right'],
1585 default='center',
1586 optional=True,
1587 help='Anchor point for positioning the plane, can be: top, center or'
1588 'bottom and also top_left, top_right,bottom_left,'
1589 'bottom_right, center_left and center right')
1591 nucleation_x = Float.T(
1592 optional=True,
1593 help='horizontal position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
1594 'plane coordinates (-1 = left edge, +1 = right edge)')
1596 nucleation_y = Float.T(
1597 optional=True,
1598 help='down-dip position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
1599 'plane coordinates (-1 = upper edge, +1 = lower edge)')
1601 velocity = Float.T(
1602 default=3500.,
1603 help='speed of explosion front [m/s]')
1605 aggressive_oversampling = Bool.T(
1606 default=False,
1607 help='Aggressive oversampling for basesource discretization. '
1608 "When using 'multilinear' interpolation oversampling has"
1609 ' practically no effect.')
1611 def base_key(self):
1612 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
1613 self.width, self.nucleation_x,
1614 self.nucleation_y, self.velocity,
1615 self.anchor)
1617 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1619 if self.nucleation_x is not None:
1620 nucx = self.nucleation_x * 0.5 * self.length
1621 else:
1622 nucx = None
1624 if self.nucleation_y is not None:
1625 nucy = self.nucleation_y * 0.5 * self.width
1626 else:
1627 nucy = None
1629 stf = self.effective_stf_pre()
1631 points, times, amplitudes, dl, dw, nl, nw = discretize_rect_source(
1632 store.config.deltas, store.config.deltat,
1633 self.time, self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth,
1634 self.strike, self.dip, self.length, self.width, self.anchor,
1635 self.velocity, stf=stf, nucleation_x=nucx, nucleation_y=nucy)
1637 amplitudes /= num.sum(amplitudes)
1638 amplitudes *= self.get_moment(store, target)
1640 return meta.DiscretizedExplosionSource(
1641 lat=self.lat,
1642 lon=self.lon,
1643 times=times,
1644 north_shifts=points[:, 0],
1645 east_shifts=points[:, 1],
1646 depths=points[:, 2],
1647 m0s=amplitudes)
1649 def outline(self, cs='xyz'):
1650 points = outline_rect_source(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
1651 self.width, self.anchor)
1653 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
1654 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
1655 points[:, 2] += self.depth
1656 if cs == 'xyz':
1657 return points
1658 elif cs == 'xy':
1659 return points[:, :2]
1660 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat'):
1661 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
1662 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
1664 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
1665 if cs == 'latlon':
1666 return latlon
1667 else:
1668 return latlon[:, ::-1]
1670 def get_nucleation_abs_coord(self, cs='xy'):
1672 if self.nucleation_x is None:
1673 return None, None
1675 coords = from_plane_coords(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
1676 self.width, self.depth, self.nucleation_x,
1677 self.nucleation_y, lat=self.lat,
1678 lon=self.lon, north_shift=self.north_shift,
1679 east_shift=self.east_shift, cs=cs)
1680 return coords
1683class DCSource(SourceWithMagnitude):
1684 '''
1685 A double-couple point source.
1686 '''
1688 strike = Float.T(
1689 default=0.0,
1690 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
1692 dip = Float.T(
1693 default=90.0,
1694 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
1696 rake = Float.T(
1697 default=0.0,
1698 help='rake angle in [deg], '
1699 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
1700 'in on-plane view')
1702 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
1704 def base_key(self):
1705 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.strike, self.dip, self.rake)
1707 def get_factor(self):
1708 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.magnitude))
1710 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1711 mot = pmt.MomentTensor(
1712 strike=self.strike, dip=self.dip, rake=self.rake)
1714 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1715 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1716 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
1717 m6s=mot.m6()[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[:, num.newaxis],
1718 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1720 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1721 return pmt.MomentTensor(
1722 strike=self.strike,
1723 dip=self.dip,
1724 rake=self.rake,
1725 scalar_moment=self.moment)
1727 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1728 return SourceWithMagnitude.pyrocko_event(
1729 self, store, target,
1730 moment_tensor=self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target),
1731 **kwargs)
1733 @classmethod
1734 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
1735 d = {}
1736 mt = ev.moment_tensor
1737 if mt:
1738 (strike, dip, rake), _ = mt.both_strike_dip_rake()
1739 d.update(
1740 strike=float(strike),
1741 dip=float(dip),
1742 rake=float(rake),
1743 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()))
1745 d.update(kwargs)
1746 return super(DCSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
1749class CLVDSource(SourceWithMagnitude):
1750 '''
1751 A pure CLVD point source.
1752 '''
1754 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
1756 azimuth = Float.T(
1757 default=0.0,
1758 help='azimuth direction of largest dipole, clockwise from north [deg]')
1760 dip = Float.T(
1761 default=90.,
1762 help='dip direction of largest dipole, downward from horizontal [deg]')
1764 def base_key(self):
1765 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.azimuth, self.dip)
1767 def get_factor(self):
1768 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.magnitude))
1770 @property
1771 def m6(self):
1772 a = math.sqrt(4. / 3.) * self.get_factor()
1773 m = pmt.symmat6(-0.5 * a, -0.5 * a, a, 0., 0., 0.)
1774 rotmat1 = pmt.euler_to_matrix(
1775 d2r * (self.dip - 90.),
1776 d2r * (self.azimuth - 90.),
1777 0.)
1778 m = num.dot(rotmat1.T, num.dot(m, rotmat1))
1779 return pmt.to6(m)
1781 @property
1782 def m6_astuple(self):
1783 return tuple(self.m6.tolist())
1785 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1786 factor = self.get_factor()
1787 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1788 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1789 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
1790 m6s=self.m6[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[:, num.newaxis] / factor,
1791 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1793 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1794 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=pmt.symmat6(*self.m6_astuple))
1796 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1797 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target)
1798 return Source.pyrocko_event(
1799 self, store, target,
1800 moment_tensor=self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target),
1801 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()),
1802 **kwargs)
1805class VLVDSource(SourceWithDerivedMagnitude):
1806 '''
1807 Volumetric linear vector dipole source.
1809 This source is a parameterization for a restricted moment tensor point
1810 source, useful to represent dyke or sill like inflation or deflation
1811 sources. The restriction is such that the moment tensor is rotational
1812 symmetric. It can be represented by a superposition of a linear vector
1813 dipole (here we use a CLVD for convenience) and an isotropic component. The
1814 restricted moment tensor has 4 degrees of freedom: 2 independent
1815 eigenvalues and 2 rotation angles orienting the the symmetry axis.
1817 In this parameterization, the isotropic component is controlled by
1818 ``volume_change``. To define the moment tensor, it must be converted to the
1819 scalar moment of the the MT's isotropic component. For the conversion, the
1820 shear modulus at the source's position must be known. This value is
1821 extracted from the earth model defined in the GF store in use.
1823 The CLVD part by controlled by its scalar moment :math:`M_0`:
1824 ``clvd_moment``. The sign of ``clvd_moment`` is used to switch between a
1825 positiv or negativ CLVD (the sign of the largest eigenvalue).
1826 '''
1828 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
1830 azimuth = Float.T(
1831 default=0.0,
1832 help='azimuth direction of symmetry axis, clockwise from north [deg].')
1834 dip = Float.T(
1835 default=90.,
1836 help='dip direction of symmetry axis, downward from horizontal [deg].')
1838 volume_change = Float.T(
1839 default=0.,
1840 help='volume change of the inflation/deflation [m^3].')
1842 clvd_moment = Float.T(
1843 default=0.,
1844 help='scalar moment :math:`M_0` of the CLVD component [Nm]. The sign '
1845 'controls the sign of the CLVD (the sign of its largest '
1846 'eigenvalue).')
1848 def get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(self, store, target):
1849 if store is None or target is None:
1850 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1851 'Need earth model to convert between volume change and '
1852 'magnitude.')
1854 points = num.array(
1855 [[self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth]], dtype=float)
1857 try:
1858 shear_moduli = store.config.get_shear_moduli(
1859 self.lat, self.lon,
1860 points=points,
1861 interpolation=target.interpolation)[0]
1863 bulk_moduli = store.config.get_bulk_moduli(
1864 self.lat, self.lon,
1865 points=points,
1866 interpolation=target.interpolation)[0]
1867 except meta.OutOfBounds:
1868 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
1869 'Could not get shear modulus at source position.')
1871 return float(2. * shear_moduli + bulk_moduli)
1873 def base_key(self):
1874 return Source.base_key(self) + \
1875 (self.azimuth, self.dip, self.volume_change, self.clvd_moment)
1877 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
1878 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target)
1879 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(mt.moment))
1881 def get_m6(self, store, target):
1882 a = math.sqrt(4. / 3.) * self.clvd_moment
1883 m_clvd = pmt.symmat6(-0.5 * a, -0.5 * a, a, 0., 0., 0.)
1885 rotmat1 = pmt.euler_to_matrix(
1886 d2r * (self.dip - 90.),
1887 d2r * (self.azimuth - 90.),
1888 0.)
1889 m_clvd = num.dot(rotmat1.T, num.dot(m_clvd, rotmat1))
1891 m_iso = self.volume_change * \
1892 self.get_moment_to_volume_change_ratio(store, target)
1894 m_iso = pmt.symmat6(m_iso, m_iso, m_iso, 0.,
1895 0., 0.,) * math.sqrt(2. / 3)
1897 m = pmt.to6(m_clvd) + pmt.to6(m_iso)
1898 return m
1900 def get_moment(self, store=None, target=None):
1901 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(
1902 self.get_magnitude(store, target)))
1904 def get_m6_astuple(self, store, target):
1905 m6 = self.get_m6(store, target)
1906 return tuple(m6.tolist())
1908 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1909 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1910 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1912 m6 = self.get_m6(store, target)
1913 m6 *= amplitudes / self.get_factor()
1915 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
1916 m6s=m6[num.newaxis, :],
1917 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1919 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1920 m6_astuple = self.get_m6_astuple(store, target)
1921 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=pmt.symmat6(*m6_astuple))
1924class MTSource(Source):
1925 '''
1926 A moment tensor point source.
1927 '''
1929 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
1931 mnn = Float.T(
1932 default=1.,
1933 help='north-north component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1935 mee = Float.T(
1936 default=1.,
1937 help='east-east component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1939 mdd = Float.T(
1940 default=1.,
1941 help='down-down component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1943 mne = Float.T(
1944 default=0.,
1945 help='north-east component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1947 mnd = Float.T(
1948 default=0.,
1949 help='north-down component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1951 med = Float.T(
1952 default=0.,
1953 help='east-down component of moment tensor in [Nm]')
1955 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
1956 if 'm6' in kwargs:
1957 for (k, v) in zip('mnn mee mdd mne mnd med'.split(),
1958 kwargs.pop('m6')):
1959 kwargs[k] = float(v)
1961 Source.__init__(self, **kwargs)
1963 @property
1964 def m6(self):
1965 return num.array(self.m6_astuple)
1967 @property
1968 def m6_astuple(self):
1969 return (self.mnn, self.mee, self.mdd, self.mne, self.mnd, self.med)
1971 @m6.setter
1972 def m6(self, value):
1973 self.mnn, self.mee, self.mdd, self.mne, self.mnd, self.med = value
1975 def base_key(self):
1976 return Source.base_key(self) + self.m6_astuple
1978 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
1979 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
1980 store.config.deltat, self.time)
1981 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
1982 m6s=self.m6[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[:, num.newaxis],
1983 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
1985 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
1986 m6 = self.m6
1987 return pmt.moment_to_magnitude(
1988 math.sqrt(num.sum(m6[0:3]**2) + 2.0 * num.sum(m6[3:6]**2)) /
1989 math.sqrt(2.))
1991 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
1992 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=pmt.symmat6(*self.m6_astuple))
1994 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
1995 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target)
1996 return Source.pyrocko_event(
1997 self, store, target,
1998 moment_tensor=self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target),
1999 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()),
2000 **kwargs)
2002 @classmethod
2003 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
2004 d = {}
2005 mt = ev.moment_tensor
2006 if mt:
2007 d.update(m6=tuple(map(float, mt.m6())))
2008 else:
2009 if ev.magnitude is not None:
2010 mom = pmt.magnitude_to_moment(ev.magnitude)
2011 v = math.sqrt(2. / 3.) * mom
2012 d.update(m6=(v, v, v, 0., 0., 0.))
2014 d.update(kwargs)
2015 return super(MTSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
2018map_anchor = {
2019 'center': (0.0, 0.0),
2020 'center_left': (-1.0, 0.0),
2021 'center_right': (1.0, 0.0),
2022 'top': (0.0, -1.0),
2023 'top_left': (-1.0, -1.0),
2024 'top_right': (1.0, -1.0),
2025 'bottom': (0.0, 1.0),
2026 'bottom_left': (-1.0, 1.0),
2027 'bottom_right': (1.0, 1.0)}
2030class RectangularSource(SourceWithDerivedMagnitude):
2031 '''
2032 Classical Haskell source model modified for bilateral rupture.
2033 '''
2035 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
2037 magnitude = Float.T(
2038 optional=True,
2039 help='moment magnitude Mw as in [Hanks and Kanamori, 1979]')
2041 strike = Float.T(
2042 default=0.0,
2043 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
2045 dip = Float.T(
2046 default=90.0,
2047 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
2049 rake = Float.T(
2050 default=0.0,
2051 help='rake angle in [deg], '
2052 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
2053 'in on-plane view')
2055 length = Float.T(
2056 default=0.,
2057 help='length of rectangular source area [m]')
2059 width = Float.T(
2060 default=0.,
2061 help='width of rectangular source area [m]')
2063 anchor = StringChoice.T(
2064 choices=['top', 'top_left', 'top_right', 'center', 'bottom',
2065 'bottom_left', 'bottom_right'],
2066 default='center',
2067 optional=True,
2068 help='Anchor point for positioning the plane, can be: ``top, center '
2069 'bottom, top_left, top_right,bottom_left,'
2070 'bottom_right, center_left, center right``.')
2072 nucleation_x = Float.T(
2073 optional=True,
2074 help='horizontal position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
2075 'plane coordinates (``-1.`` = left edge, ``+1.`` = right edge)')
2077 nucleation_y = Float.T(
2078 optional=True,
2079 help='down-dip position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
2080 'plane coordinates (``-1.`` = upper edge, ``+1.`` = lower edge)')
2082 velocity = Float.T(
2083 default=3500.,
2084 help='speed of rupture front [m/s]')
2086 slip = Float.T(
2087 optional=True,
2088 help='Slip on the rectangular source area [m]')
2090 opening_fraction = Float.T(
2091 default=0.,
2092 help='Determines fraction of slip related to opening. '
2093 '(``-1``: pure tensile closing, '
2094 '``0``: pure shear, '
2095 '``1``: pure tensile opening)')
2097 decimation_factor = Int.T(
2098 optional=True,
2099 default=1,
2100 help='Sub-source decimation factor, a larger decimation will'
2101 ' make the result inaccurate but shorten the necessary'
2102 ' computation time (use for testing puposes only).')
2104 aggressive_oversampling = Bool.T(
2105 default=False,
2106 help='Aggressive oversampling for basesource discretization. '
2107 "When using 'multilinear' interpolation oversampling has"
2108 ' practically no effect.')
2110 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
2111 if 'moment' in kwargs:
2112 mom = kwargs.pop('moment')
2113 if 'magnitude' not in kwargs:
2114 kwargs['magnitude'] = float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(mom))
2116 SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.__init__(self, **kwargs)
2118 def base_key(self):
2119 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.base_key(self) + (
2120 self.magnitude,
2121 self.slip,
2122 self.strike,
2123 self.dip,
2124 self.rake,
2125 self.length,
2126 self.width,
2127 self.nucleation_x,
2128 self.nucleation_y,
2129 self.velocity,
2130 self.decimation_factor,
2131 self.anchor)
2133 def check_conflicts(self):
2134 if self.magnitude is not None and self.slip is not None:
2135 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
2136 'Magnitude and slip are both defined.')
2138 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
2139 self.check_conflicts()
2140 if self.magnitude is not None:
2141 return self.magnitude
2143 elif self.slip is not None:
2144 if None in (store, target):
2145 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
2146 'Magnitude for a rectangular source with slip defined '
2147 'can only be derived when earth model and target '
2148 'interpolation method are available.')
2150 amplitudes = self._discretize(store, target)[2]
2151 if amplitudes.ndim == 2:
2152 # CLVD component has no net moment, leave out
2153 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(
2154 num.sum(num.abs(amplitudes[0:2, :]).sum())))
2155 else:
2156 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(num.sum(amplitudes)))
2158 else:
2159 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(1.0))
2161 def get_factor(self):
2162 return 1.0
2164 def get_slip_tensile(self):
2165 return self.slip * self.opening_fraction
2167 def get_slip_shear(self):
2168 return self.slip - abs(self.get_slip_tensile)
2170 def _discretize(self, store, target):
2171 if self.nucleation_x is not None:
2172 nucx = self.nucleation_x * 0.5 * self.length
2173 else:
2174 nucx = None
2176 if self.nucleation_y is not None:
2177 nucy = self.nucleation_y * 0.5 * self.width
2178 else:
2179 nucy = None
2181 stf = self.effective_stf_pre()
2183 points, times, amplitudes, dl, dw, nl, nw = discretize_rect_source(
2184 store.config.deltas, store.config.deltat,
2185 self.time, self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth,
2186 self.strike, self.dip, self.length, self.width, self.anchor,
2187 self.velocity, stf=stf, nucleation_x=nucx, nucleation_y=nucy,
2188 decimation_factor=self.decimation_factor,
2189 aggressive_oversampling=self.aggressive_oversampling)
2191 if self.slip is not None:
2192 if target is not None:
2193 interpolation = target.interpolation
2194 else:
2195 interpolation = 'nearest_neighbor'
2196 logger.warning(
2197 'no target information available, will use '
2198 '"nearest_neighbor" interpolation when extracting shear '
2199 'modulus from earth model')
2201 shear_moduli = store.config.get_shear_moduli(
2202 self.lat, self.lon,
2203 points=points,
2204 interpolation=interpolation)
2206 tensile_slip = self.get_slip_tensile()
2207 shear_slip = self.slip - abs(tensile_slip)
2209 amplitudes_total = [shear_moduli * shear_slip]
2210 if tensile_slip != 0:
2211 bulk_moduli = store.config.get_bulk_moduli(
2212 self.lat, self.lon,
2213 points=points,
2214 interpolation=interpolation)
2216 tensile_iso = bulk_moduli * tensile_slip
2217 tensile_clvd = (2. / 3.) * shear_moduli * tensile_slip
2219 amplitudes_total.extend([tensile_iso, tensile_clvd])
2221 amplitudes_total = num.vstack(amplitudes_total).squeeze() * \
2222 amplitudes * dl * dw
2224 else:
2225 # normalization to retain total moment
2226 amplitudes_norm = amplitudes / num.sum(amplitudes)
2227 moment = self.get_moment(store, target)
2229 amplitudes_total = [
2230 amplitudes_norm * moment * (1 - abs(self.opening_fraction))]
2231 if self.opening_fraction != 0.:
2232 amplitudes_total.append(
2233 amplitudes_norm * self.opening_fraction * moment)
2235 amplitudes_total = num.vstack(amplitudes_total).squeeze()
2237 return points, times, num.atleast_1d(amplitudes_total), dl, dw, nl, nw
2239 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
2241 points, times, amplitudes, dl, dw, nl, nw = self._discretize(
2242 store, target)
2244 mot = pmt.MomentTensor(
2245 strike=self.strike, dip=self.dip, rake=self.rake)
2246 m6s = num.repeat(mot.m6()[num.newaxis, :], times.size, axis=0)
2248 if amplitudes.ndim == 1:
2249 m6s[:, :] *= amplitudes[:, num.newaxis]
2250 elif amplitudes.ndim == 2:
2251 # shear MT components
2252 rotmat1 = pmt.euler_to_matrix(
2253 d2r * self.dip, d2r * self.strike, d2r * -self.rake)
2254 m6s[:, :] *= amplitudes[0, :][:, num.newaxis]
2256 if amplitudes.shape[0] == 2:
2257 # tensile MT components - moment/magnitude input
2258 tensile = pmt.symmat6(1., 1., 3., 0., 0., 0.)
2259 rot_tensile = pmt.to6(
2260 num.dot(rotmat1.T, num.dot(tensile, rotmat1)))
2262 m6s_tensile = rot_tensile[
2263 num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[1, :][:, num.newaxis]
2264 m6s += m6s_tensile
2266 elif amplitudes.shape[0] == 3:
2267 # tensile MT components - slip input
2268 iso = pmt.symmat6(1., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0.)
2269 clvd = pmt.symmat6(-1., -1., 2., 0., 0., 0.)
2271 rot_iso = pmt.to6(
2272 num.dot(rotmat1.T, num.dot(iso, rotmat1)))
2273 rot_clvd = pmt.to6(
2274 num.dot(rotmat1.T, num.dot(clvd, rotmat1)))
2276 m6s_iso = rot_iso[
2277 num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[1, :][:, num.newaxis]
2278 m6s_clvd = rot_clvd[
2279 num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes[2, :][:, num.newaxis]
2280 m6s += m6s_iso + m6s_clvd
2281 else:
2282 raise ValueError('Unknwown amplitudes shape!')
2283 else:
2284 raise ValueError(
2285 'Unexpected dimension of {}'.format(amplitudes.ndim))
2287 ds = meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
2288 lat=self.lat,
2289 lon=self.lon,
2290 times=times,
2291 north_shifts=points[:, 0],
2292 east_shifts=points[:, 1],
2293 depths=points[:, 2],
2294 m6s=m6s,
2295 dl=dl,
2296 dw=dw,
2297 nl=nl,
2298 nw=nw)
2300 return ds
2302 def xy_to_coord(self, x, y, cs='xyz'):
2303 ln, wd = self.length, self.width
2304 strike, dip = self.strike, self.dip
2306 def array_check(variable):
2307 if not isinstance(variable, num.ndarray):
2308 return num.array(variable)
2309 else:
2310 return variable
2312 x, y = array_check(x), array_check(y)
2314 if x.shape[0] != y.shape[0]:
2315 raise ValueError('Shapes of x and y mismatch')
2317 x, y = x * 0.5 * ln, y * 0.5 * wd
2319 points = num.hstack((
2320 x.reshape(-1, 1), y.reshape(-1, 1), num.zeros((x.shape[0], 1))))
2322 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[self.anchor]
2323 points[:, 0] -= anch_x * 0.5 * ln
2324 points[:, 1] -= anch_y * 0.5 * wd
2326 rotmat = num.asarray(
2327 pmt.euler_to_matrix(dip * d2r, strike * d2r, 0.0))
2329 points_rot = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
2331 points_rot[:, 0] += self.north_shift
2332 points_rot[:, 1] += self.east_shift
2333 points_rot[:, 2] += self.depth
2335 if cs == 'xyz':
2336 return points_rot
2337 elif cs == 'xy':
2338 return points_rot[:, :2]
2339 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat', 'latlondepth'):
2340 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
2341 self.lat, self.lon, points_rot[:, 0], points_rot[:, 1])
2342 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
2343 if cs == 'latlon':
2344 return latlon
2345 elif cs == 'lonlat':
2346 return latlon[:, ::-1]
2347 else:
2348 return num.concatenate(
2349 (latlon, points_rot[:, 2].reshape((len(points_rot), 1))),
2350 axis=1)
2352 def outline(self, cs='xyz'):
2353 x = num.array([-1., 1., 1., -1., -1.])
2354 y = num.array([-1., -1., 1., 1., -1.])
2356 return self.xy_to_coord(x, y, cs=cs)
2358 def points_on_source(self, cs='xyz', **kwargs):
2360 points = points_on_rect_source(
2361 self.strike, self.dip, self.length, self.width,
2362 self.anchor, **kwargs)
2364 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
2365 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
2366 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2367 if cs == 'xyz':
2368 return points
2369 elif cs == 'xy':
2370 return points[:, :2]
2371 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat', 'latlondepth'):
2372 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
2373 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
2375 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
2376 if cs == 'latlon':
2377 return latlon
2378 elif cs == 'lonlat':
2379 return latlon[:, ::-1]
2380 else:
2381 return num.concatenate(
2382 (latlon, points[:, 2].reshape((len(points), 1))),
2383 axis=1)
2385 def geometry(self, *args, **kwargs):
2386 from pyrocko.model import Geometry
2388 ds = self.discretize_basesource(*args, **kwargs)
2389 nx, ny = ds.nl, ds.nw
2391 def patch_outlines_xy(nx, ny):
2392 points = num.zeros((nx * ny, 2))
2393 points[:, 0] = num.tile(num.linspace(-1., 1., nx), ny)
2394 points[:, 1] = num.repeat(num.linspace(-1., 1., ny), nx)
2396 return points
2398 points_ds = patch_outlines_xy(nx + 1, ny + 1)
2399 npoints = (nx + 1) * (ny + 1)
2401 vertices = num.hstack((
2402 num.ones((npoints, 1)) * self.lat,
2403 num.ones((npoints, 1)) * self.lon,
2404 self.xy_to_coord(points_ds[:, 0], points_ds[:, 1], cs='xyz')))
2406 faces = num.array([[
2407 iy * (nx + 1) + ix,
2408 iy * (nx + 1) + ix + 1,
2409 (iy + 1) * (nx + 1) + ix + 1,
2410 (iy + 1) * (nx + 1) + ix,
2411 iy * (nx + 1) + ix]
2412 for iy in range(ny) for ix in range(nx)])
2414 xyz = self.outline('xyz')
2415 latlon = num.ones((5, 2)) * num.array([self.lat, self.lon])
2416 patchverts = num.hstack((latlon, xyz))
2418 geom = Geometry()
2419 geom.setup(vertices, faces)
2420 geom.set_outlines([patchverts])
2422 if self.stf:
2423 geom.times = num.unique(ds.times)
2425 if self.nucleation_x is not None and self.nucleation_y is not None:
2426 geom.add_property('t_arrival', ds.times)
2428 geom.add_property(
2429 'moment', ds.moments().reshape(ds.nl*ds.nw, -1))
2431 geom.add_property(
2432 'slip', num.ones_like(ds.times) * self.slip)
2434 return geom
2436 def get_nucleation_abs_coord(self, cs='xy'):
2438 if self.nucleation_x is None:
2439 return None, None
2441 coords = from_plane_coords(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
2442 self.width, self.depth, self.nucleation_x,
2443 self.nucleation_y, lat=self.lat,
2444 lon=self.lon, north_shift=self.north_shift,
2445 east_shift=self.east_shift, cs=cs)
2446 return coords
2448 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
2449 return pmt.MomentTensor(
2450 strike=self.strike,
2451 dip=self.dip,
2452 rake=self.rake,
2453 scalar_moment=self.get_moment(store, target))
2455 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
2456 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.pyrocko_event(
2457 self, store, target,
2458 **kwargs)
2460 @classmethod
2461 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
2462 d = {}
2463 mt = ev.moment_tensor
2464 if mt:
2465 (strike, dip, rake), _ = mt.both_strike_dip_rake()
2466 d.update(
2467 strike=float(strike),
2468 dip=float(dip),
2469 rake=float(rake),
2470 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()))
2472 d.update(kwargs)
2473 return super(RectangularSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
2476class PseudoDynamicRupture(SourceWithDerivedMagnitude):
2477 '''
2478 Combined Eikonal and Okada quasi-dynamic rupture model.
2480 Details are described in :doc:`/topics/pseudo-dynamic-rupture`.
2481 Note: attribute `stf` is not used so far, but kept for future applications.
2482 '''
2484 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
2486 strike = Float.T(
2487 default=0.0,
2488 help='Strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north.')
2490 dip = Float.T(
2491 default=0.0,
2492 help='Dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal.')
2494 length = Float.T(
2495 default=10. * km,
2496 help='Length of rectangular source area in [m].')
2498 width = Float.T(
2499 default=5. * km,
2500 help='Width of rectangular source area in [m].')
2502 anchor = StringChoice.T(
2503 choices=['top', 'top_left', 'top_right', 'center', 'bottom',
2504 'bottom_left', 'bottom_right'],
2505 default='center',
2506 optional=True,
2507 help='Anchor point for positioning the plane, can be: ``top, center, '
2508 'bottom, top_left, top_right, bottom_left, '
2509 'bottom_right, center_left, center_right``.')
2511 nucleation_x__ = Array.T(
2512 default=num.array([0.]),
2513 dtype=num.float64,
2514 serialize_as='list',
2515 help='Horizontal position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
2516 'plane coordinates (``-1.`` = left edge, ``+1.`` = right edge).')
2518 nucleation_y__ = Array.T(
2519 default=num.array([0.]),
2520 dtype=num.float64,
2521 serialize_as='list',
2522 help='Down-dip position of rupture nucleation in normalized fault '
2523 'plane coordinates (``-1.`` = upper edge, ``+1.`` = lower edge).')
2525 nucleation_time__ = Array.T(
2526 optional=True,
2527 help='Time in [s] after origin, when nucleation points defined by '
2528 '``nucleation_x`` and ``nucleation_y`` rupture.',
2529 dtype=num.float64,
2530 serialize_as='list')
2532 gamma = Float.T(
2533 default=0.8,
2534 help='Scaling factor between rupture velocity and S-wave velocity: '
2535 r':math:`v_r = \gamma * v_s`.')
2537 nx = Int.T(
2538 default=2,
2539 help='Number of discrete source patches in x direction (along '
2540 'strike).')
2542 ny = Int.T(
2543 default=2,
2544 help='Number of discrete source patches in y direction (down dip).')
2546 slip = Float.T(
2547 optional=True,
2548 help='Maximum slip of the rectangular source [m]. '
2549 'Setting the slip the tractions/stress field '
2550 'will be normalized to accomodate the desired maximum slip.')
2552 rake = Float.T(
2553 optional=True,
2554 help='Rake angle in [deg], '
2555 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
2556 'in on-plane view. Rake is translated into homogenous tractions '
2557 'in strike and up-dip direction. ``rake`` is mutually exclusive '
2558 'with tractions parameter.')
2560 patches = List.T(
2561 OkadaSource.T(),
2562 optional=True,
2563 help='List of all boundary elements/sub faults/fault patches.')
2565 patch_mask__ = Array.T(
2566 dtype=bool,
2567 serialize_as='list',
2568 shape=(None,),
2569 optional=True,
2570 help='Mask for all boundary elements/sub faults/fault patches. True '
2571 'leaves the patch in the calculation, False excludes the patch.')
2573 tractions = TractionField.T(
2574 optional=True,
2575 help='Traction field the rupture plane is exposed to. See the'
2576 ':py:mod:`pyrocko.gf.tractions` module for more details. '
2577 'If ``tractions=None`` and ``rake`` is given'
2578 ' :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.tractions.DirectedTractions` will'
2579 ' be used.')
2581 coef_mat = Array.T(
2582 optional=True,
2583 help='Coefficient matrix linking traction and dislocation field.',
2584 dtype=num.float64,
2585 shape=(None, None))
2587 eikonal_decimation = Int.T(
2588 optional=True,
2589 default=1,
2590 help='Sub-source eikonal factor, a smaller eikonal factor will'
2591 ' increase the accuracy of rupture front calculation but'
2592 ' increases also the computation time.')
2594 decimation_factor = Int.T(
2595 optional=True,
2596 default=1,
2597 help='Sub-source decimation factor, a larger decimation will'
2598 ' make the result inaccurate but shorten the necessary'
2599 ' computation time (use for testing puposes only).')
2601 nthreads = Int.T(
2602 optional=True,
2603 default=1,
2604 help='Number of threads for Okada forward modelling, '
2605 'matrix inversion and calculation of point subsources. '
2606 'Note: for small/medium matrices 1 thread is most efficient.')
2608 pure_shear = Bool.T(
2609 optional=True,
2610 default=False,
2611 help='Calculate only shear tractions and omit tensile tractions.')
2613 smooth_rupture = Bool.T(
2614 default=True,
2615 help='Smooth the tractions by weighting partially ruptured'
2616 ' fault patches.')
2618 aggressive_oversampling = Bool.T(
2619 default=False,
2620 help='Aggressive oversampling for basesource discretization. '
2621 "When using 'multilinear' interpolation oversampling has"
2622 ' practically no effect.')
2624 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
2625 SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.__init__(self, **kwargs)
2626 self._interpolators = {}
2627 self.check_conflicts()
2629 @property
2630 def nucleation_x(self):
2631 return self.nucleation_x__
2633 @nucleation_x.setter
2634 def nucleation_x(self, nucleation_x):
2635 if isinstance(nucleation_x, list):
2636 nucleation_x = num.array(nucleation_x)
2638 elif not isinstance(
2639 nucleation_x, num.ndarray) and nucleation_x is not None:
2641 nucleation_x = num.array([nucleation_x])
2642 self.nucleation_x__ = nucleation_x
2644 @property
2645 def nucleation_y(self):
2646 return self.nucleation_y__
2648 @nucleation_y.setter
2649 def nucleation_y(self, nucleation_y):
2650 if isinstance(nucleation_y, list):
2651 nucleation_y = num.array(nucleation_y)
2653 elif not isinstance(nucleation_y, num.ndarray) \
2654 and nucleation_y is not None:
2655 nucleation_y = num.array([nucleation_y])
2657 self.nucleation_y__ = nucleation_y
2659 @property
2660 def nucleation(self):
2661 nucl_x, nucl_y = self.nucleation_x, self.nucleation_y
2663 if (nucl_x is None) or (nucl_y is None):
2664 return None
2666 assert nucl_x.shape[0] == nucl_y.shape[0]
2668 return num.concatenate(
2669 (nucl_x[:, num.newaxis], nucl_y[:, num.newaxis]), axis=1)
2671 @nucleation.setter
2672 def nucleation(self, nucleation):
2673 if isinstance(nucleation, list):
2674 nucleation = num.array(nucleation)
2676 assert nucleation.shape[1] == 2
2678 self.nucleation_x = nucleation[:, 0]
2679 self.nucleation_y = nucleation[:, 1]
2681 @property
2682 def nucleation_time(self):
2683 return self.nucleation_time__
2685 @nucleation_time.setter
2686 def nucleation_time(self, nucleation_time):
2687 if not isinstance(nucleation_time, num.ndarray) \
2688 and nucleation_time is not None:
2689 nucleation_time = num.array([nucleation_time])
2691 self.nucleation_time__ = nucleation_time
2693 @property
2694 def patch_mask(self):
2695 if (self.patch_mask__ is not None and
2696 self.patch_mask__.shape == (self.nx * self.ny,)):
2698 return self.patch_mask__
2699 else:
2700 return num.ones(self.nx * self.ny, dtype=bool)
2702 @patch_mask.setter
2703 def patch_mask(self, patch_mask):
2704 if isinstance(patch_mask, list):
2705 patch_mask = num.array(patch_mask)
2707 self.patch_mask__ = patch_mask
2709 def get_tractions(self):
2710 '''
2711 Get source traction vectors.
2713 If :py:attr:`rake` is given, unit length directed traction vectors
2714 (:py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.tractions.DirectedTractions`) are returned,
2715 else the given :py:attr:`tractions` are used.
2717 :returns:
2718 Traction vectors per patch.
2719 :rtype:
2720 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_patches, 3)``.
2721 '''
2723 if self.rake is not None:
2724 if num.isnan(self.rake):
2725 raise ValueError('Rake must be a real number, not NaN.')
2727 logger.warning(
2728 'Tractions are derived based on the given source rake.')
2729 tractions = DirectedTractions(rake=self.rake)
2730 else:
2731 tractions = self.tractions
2732 return tractions.get_tractions(self.nx, self.ny, self.patches)
2734 def base_key(self):
2735 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.base_key(self) + (
2736 self.slip,
2737 self.strike,
2738 self.dip,
2739 self.rake,
2740 self.length,
2741 self.width,
2742 float(self.nucleation_x.mean()),
2743 float(self.nucleation_y.mean()),
2744 self.decimation_factor,
2745 self.anchor,
2746 self.pure_shear,
2747 self.gamma,
2748 tuple(self.patch_mask))
2750 def check_conflicts(self):
2751 if self.tractions and self.rake:
2752 raise AttributeError(
2753 'Tractions and rake are mutually exclusive.')
2754 if self.tractions is None and self.rake is None:
2755 self.rake = 0.
2757 def get_magnitude(self, store=None, target=None):
2758 self.check_conflicts()
2759 if self.slip is not None or self.tractions is not None:
2760 if store is None:
2761 raise DerivedMagnitudeError(
2762 'Magnitude for a rectangular source with slip or '
2763 'tractions defined can only be derived when earth model '
2764 'is set.')
2766 moment_rate, calc_times = self.discretize_basesource(
2767 store, target=target).get_moment_rate(store.config.deltat)
2769 deltat = num.concatenate((
2770 (num.diff(calc_times)[0],),
2771 num.diff(calc_times)))
2773 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(
2774 num.sum(moment_rate * deltat)))
2776 else:
2777 return float(pmt.moment_to_magnitude(1.0))
2779 def get_factor(self):
2780 return 1.0
2782 def outline(self, cs='xyz'):
2783 '''
2784 Get source outline corner coordinates.
2786 :param cs:
2787 :ref:`Output coordinate system <coordinate-system-names>`.
2788 :type cs:
2789 optional, str
2791 :returns:
2792 Corner points in desired coordinate system.
2793 :rtype:
2794 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(5, [2, 3])``.
2795 '''
2796 points = outline_rect_source(self.strike, self.dip, self.length,
2797 self.width, self.anchor)
2799 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
2800 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
2801 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2802 if cs == 'xyz':
2803 return points
2804 elif cs == 'xy':
2805 return points[:, :2]
2806 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat', 'latlondepth'):
2807 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
2808 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
2810 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
2811 if cs == 'latlon':
2812 return latlon
2813 elif cs == 'lonlat':
2814 return latlon[:, ::-1]
2815 else:
2816 return num.concatenate(
2817 (latlon, points[:, 2].reshape((len(points), 1))),
2818 axis=1)
2820 def points_on_source(self, cs='xyz', **kwargs):
2821 '''
2822 Convert relative plane coordinates to geographical coordinates.
2824 Given x and y coordinates (relative source coordinates between -1.
2825 and 1.) are converted to desired geographical coordinates. Coordinates
2826 need to be given as :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray` arguments ``points_x``
2827 and ``points_y``.
2829 :param cs:
2830 :ref:`Output coordinate system <coordinate-system-names>`.
2831 :type cs:
2832 optional, str
2834 :returns:
2835 Point coordinates in desired coordinate system.
2836 :rtype:
2837 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, [2, 3])``.
2838 '''
2839 points = points_on_rect_source(
2840 self.strike, self.dip, self.length, self.width,
2841 self.anchor, **kwargs)
2843 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
2844 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
2845 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2846 if cs == 'xyz':
2847 return points
2848 elif cs == 'xy':
2849 return points[:, :2]
2850 elif cs in ('latlon', 'lonlat', 'latlondepth'):
2851 latlon = ne_to_latlon(
2852 self.lat, self.lon, points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
2854 latlon = num.array(latlon).T
2855 if cs == 'latlon':
2856 return latlon
2857 elif cs == 'lonlat':
2858 return latlon[:, ::-1]
2859 else:
2860 return num.concatenate(
2861 (latlon, points[:, 2].reshape((len(points), 1))),
2862 axis=1)
2864 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
2865 if store is not None:
2866 if not self.patches:
2867 self.discretize_patches(store)
2869 data = self.get_slip()
2870 else:
2871 data = self.get_tractions()
2873 weights = num.linalg.norm(data, axis=1)
2874 weights /= weights.sum()
2876 rakes = num.arctan2(data[:, 1], data[:, 0]) * r2d
2877 rake = num.average(rakes, weights=weights)
2879 return pmt.MomentTensor(
2880 strike=self.strike,
2881 dip=self.dip,
2882 rake=rake,
2883 scalar_moment=self.get_moment(store, target))
2885 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
2886 return SourceWithDerivedMagnitude.pyrocko_event(
2887 self, store, target,
2888 **kwargs)
2890 @classmethod
2891 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
2892 d = {}
2893 mt = ev.moment_tensor
2894 if mt:
2895 (strike, dip, rake), _ = mt.both_strike_dip_rake()
2896 d.update(
2897 strike=float(strike),
2898 dip=float(dip),
2899 rake=float(rake))
2901 d.update(kwargs)
2902 return super(PseudoDynamicRupture, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
2904 def _discretize_points(self, store, *args, **kwargs):
2905 '''
2906 Discretize source plane with equal vertical and horizontal spacing.
2908 Additional ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are passed to
2909 :py:meth:`points_on_source`.
2911 :param store:
2912 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
2913 source).
2914 :type store:
2915 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
2917 :returns:
2918 Number of points in strike and dip direction, distance
2919 between adjacent points, coordinates (latlondepth) and coordinates
2920 (xy on fault) for discrete points.
2921 :rtype:
2922 (int, int, float, :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`,
2923 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`).
2924 '''
2925 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[self.anchor]
2927 npoints = int(self.width // km) + 1
2928 points = num.zeros((npoints, 3))
2929 points[:, 1] = num.linspace(-1., 1., npoints)
2930 points[:, 1] = (points[:, 1] - anch_y) * self.width/2
2932 rotmat = pmt.euler_to_matrix(self.dip*d2r, self.strike*d2r, 0.0)
2933 points = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T
2934 points[:, 2] += self.depth
2936 vs_min = store.config.get_vs(
2937 self.lat, self.lon, points,
2938 interpolation='nearest_neighbor')
2939 vr_min = max(vs_min.min(), .5*km) * self.gamma
2941 oversampling = 10.
2942 delta_l = self.length / (self.nx * oversampling)
2943 delta_w = self.width / (self.ny * oversampling)
2945 delta = self.eikonal_decimation * num.min([
2946 store.config.deltat * vr_min / oversampling,
2947 delta_l, delta_w] + [
2948 deltas for deltas in store.config.deltas])
2950 delta = delta_w / num.ceil(delta_w / delta)
2952 nx = int(num.ceil(self.length / delta)) + 1
2953 ny = int(num.ceil(self.width / delta)) + 1
2955 rem_l = (nx-1)*delta - self.length
2956 lim_x = rem_l / self.length
2958 points_xy = num.zeros((nx * ny, 2))
2959 points_xy[:, 0] = num.repeat(
2960 num.linspace(-1.-lim_x, 1.+lim_x, nx), ny)
2961 points_xy[:, 1] = num.tile(
2962 num.linspace(-1., 1., ny), nx)
2964 points = self.points_on_source(
2965 points_x=points_xy[:, 0],
2966 points_y=points_xy[:, 1],
2967 **kwargs)
2969 return nx, ny, delta, points, points_xy
2971 def _discretize_rupture_v(self, store, interpolation='nearest_neighbor',
2972 points=None):
2973 '''
2974 Get rupture velocity for discrete points on source plane.
2976 :param store:
2977 Green's function database (needs to cover the whole region of the
2978 source)
2979 :type store:
2980 optional, :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
2982 :param interpolation:
2983 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
2984 and ``'multilinear'``).
2985 :type interpolation:
2986 optional, str
2988 :param points:
2989 Coordinates on fault (-1.:1.) of discrete points.
2990 :type points:
2991 optional, :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, 2)``
2993 :returns:
2994 Rupture velocity assumed as :math:`v_s * \\gamma` for discrete
2995 points.
2996 :rtype:
2997 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, )``.
2998 '''
3000 if points is None:
3001 _, _, _, points, _ = self._discretize_points(store, cs='xyz')
3003 return store.config.get_vs(
3004 self.lat, self.lon,
3005 points=points,
3006 interpolation=interpolation) * self.gamma
3008 def discretize_time(
3009 self, store, interpolation='nearest_neighbor',
3010 vr=None, times=None, *args, **kwargs):
3011 '''
3012 Get rupture start time for discrete points on source plane.
3014 :param store:
3015 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
3016 source)
3017 :type store:
3018 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3020 :param interpolation:
3021 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
3022 and ``'multilinear'``).
3023 :type interpolation:
3024 optional, str
3026 :param vr:
3027 Array, containing rupture user defined rupture velocity values.
3028 :type vr:
3029 optional, :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`
3031 :param times:
3032 Array, containing zeros, where rupture is starting, real positive
3033 numbers at later secondary nucleation points and -1, where time
3034 will be calculated. If not given, rupture starts at nucleation_x,
3035 nucleation_y. Times are given for discrete points with equal
3036 horizontal and vertical spacing.
3037 :type times:
3038 optional, :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`
3040 :returns:
3041 Coordinates (latlondepth), coordinates (xy), rupture velocity,
3042 rupture propagation time of discrete points.
3043 :rtype:
3044 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, 3)``,
3045 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points, 2)``,
3046 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points_dip, n_points_strike)``,
3047 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_points_dip, n_points_strike)``.
3048 '''
3049 nx, ny, delta, points, points_xy = self._discretize_points(
3050 store, cs='xyz')
3052 if vr is None or vr.shape != tuple((nx, ny)):
3053 if vr:
3054 logger.warning(
3055 'Given rupture velocities are not in right shape: '
3056 '(%i, %i), but needed is (%i, %i).', *vr.shape + (nx, ny))
3057 vr = self._discretize_rupture_v(store, interpolation, points)\
3058 .reshape(nx, ny)
3060 if vr.shape != tuple((nx, ny)):
3061 logger.warning(
3062 'Given rupture velocities are not in right shape. Therefore'
3063 ' standard rupture velocity array is used.')
3065 def initialize_times():
3066 nucl_x, nucl_y = self.nucleation_x, self.nucleation_y
3068 if nucl_x.shape != nucl_y.shape:
3069 raise ValueError(
3070 'Nucleation coordinates have different shape.')
3072 dist_points = num.array([
3073 num.linalg.norm(points_xy - num.array([x, y]).ravel(), axis=1)
3074 for x, y in zip(nucl_x, nucl_y)])
3075 nucl_indices = num.argmin(dist_points, axis=1)
3077 if self.nucleation_time is None:
3078 nucl_times = num.zeros_like(nucl_indices)
3079 else:
3080 if self.nucleation_time.shape == nucl_x.shape:
3081 nucl_times = self.nucleation_time
3082 else:
3083 raise ValueError(
3084 'Nucleation coordinates and times have different '
3085 'shapes')
3087 t = num.full(nx * ny, -1.)
3088 t[nucl_indices] = nucl_times
3089 return t.reshape(nx, ny)
3091 if times is None:
3092 times = initialize_times()
3093 elif times.shape != tuple((nx, ny)):
3094 times = initialize_times()
3095 logger.warning(
3096 'Given times are not in right shape. Therefore standard time'
3097 ' array is used.')
3099 eikonal_ext.eikonal_solver_fmm_cartesian(
3100 speeds=vr, times=times, delta=delta)
3102 return points, points_xy, vr, times
3104 def get_vr_time_interpolators(
3105 self, store, interpolation='nearest_neighbor', force=False,
3106 **kwargs):
3107 '''
3108 Get interpolators for rupture velocity and rupture time.
3110 Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to :py:meth:`discretize_time`.
3112 :param store:
3113 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
3114 source).
3115 :type store:
3116 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3118 :param interpolation:
3119 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
3120 and ``'multilinear'``).
3121 :type interpolation:
3122 optional, str
3124 :param force:
3125 Force recalculation of the interpolators (e.g. after change of
3126 nucleation point locations/times). Default is ``False``.
3127 :type force:
3128 optional, bool
3129 '''
3130 interp_map = {'multilinear': 'linear', 'nearest_neighbor': 'nearest'}
3131 if interpolation not in interp_map:
3132 raise TypeError(
3133 'Interpolation method %s not available' % interpolation)
3135 if not self._interpolators.get(interpolation, False) or force:
3136 _, points_xy, vr, times = self.discretize_time(
3137 store, **kwargs)
3139 if self.length <= 0.:
3140 raise ValueError(
3141 'length must be larger then 0. not %g' % self.length)
3143 if self.width <= 0.:
3144 raise ValueError(
3145 'width must be larger then 0. not %g' % self.width)
3147 nx, ny = times.shape
3148 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[self.anchor]
3150 points_xy[:, 0] = (points_xy[:, 0] - anch_x) * self.length / 2.
3151 points_xy[:, 1] = (points_xy[:, 1] - anch_y) * self.width / 2.
3153 ascont = num.ascontiguousarray
3155 self._interpolators[interpolation] = (
3156 nx, ny, times, vr,
3157 RegularGridInterpolator(
3158 (ascont(points_xy[::ny, 0]), ascont(points_xy[:ny, 1])),
3159 times,
3160 method=interp_map[interpolation]),
3161 RegularGridInterpolator(
3162 (ascont(points_xy[::ny, 0]), ascont(points_xy[:ny, 1])),
3163 vr,
3164 method=interp_map[interpolation]))
3166 return self._interpolators[interpolation]
3168 def discretize_patches(
3169 self, store, interpolation='nearest_neighbor', force=False,
3170 grid_shape=(),
3171 **kwargs):
3172 '''
3173 Get rupture start time and OkadaSource elements for points on rupture.
3175 All source elements and their corresponding center points are
3176 calculated and stored in the :py:attr:`patches` attribute.
3178 Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to :py:meth:`discretize_time`.
3180 :param store:
3181 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
3182 source).
3183 :type store:
3184 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3186 :param interpolation:
3187 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
3188 and ``'multilinear'``).
3189 :type interpolation:
3190 optional, str
3192 :param force:
3193 Force recalculation of the vr and time interpolators ( e.g. after
3194 change of nucleation point locations/times). Default is ``False``.
3195 :type force:
3196 optional, bool
3198 :param grid_shape:
3199 Desired sub fault patch grid size (nlength, nwidth). Either factor
3200 or grid_shape should be set.
3201 :type grid_shape:
3202 optional, tuple of int
3203 '''
3204 nx, ny, times, vr, time_interpolator, vr_interpolator = \
3205 self.get_vr_time_interpolators(
3206 store,
3207 interpolation=interpolation, force=force, **kwargs)
3208 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[self.anchor]
3210 al = self.length / 2.
3211 aw = self.width / 2.
3212 al1 = -(al + anch_x * al)
3213 al2 = al - anch_x * al
3214 aw1 = -aw + anch_y * aw
3215 aw2 = aw + anch_y * aw
3216 assert num.abs([al1, al2]).sum() == self.length
3217 assert num.abs([aw1, aw2]).sum() == self.width
3219 def get_lame(*a, **kw):
3220 shear_mod = store.config.get_shear_moduli(*a, **kw)
3221 lamb = store.config.get_vp(*a, **kw)**2 \
3222 * store.config.get_rho(*a, **kw) - 2. * shear_mod
3223 return shear_mod, lamb / (2. * (lamb + shear_mod))
3225 shear_mod, poisson = get_lame(
3226 self.lat, self.lon,
3227 num.array([[self.north_shift, self.east_shift, self.depth]]),
3228 interpolation=interpolation)
3230 okada_src = OkadaSource(
3231 lat=self.lat, lon=self.lon,
3232 strike=self.strike, dip=self.dip,
3233 north_shift=self.north_shift, east_shift=self.east_shift,
3234 depth=self.depth,
3235 al1=al1, al2=al2, aw1=aw1, aw2=aw2,
3236 poisson=poisson.mean(),
3237 shearmod=shear_mod.mean(),
3238 opening=kwargs.get('opening', 0.))
3240 if not (self.nx and self.ny):
3241 if grid_shape:
3242 self.nx, self.ny = grid_shape
3243 else:
3244 self.nx = nx
3245 self.ny = ny
3247 source_disc, source_points = okada_src.discretize(self.nx, self.ny)
3249 shear_mod, poisson = get_lame(
3250 self.lat, self.lon,
3251 num.array([src.source_patch()[:3] for src in source_disc]),
3252 interpolation=interpolation)
3254 if (self.nx, self.ny) != (nx, ny):
3255 times_interp = time_interpolator(
3256 num.ascontiguousarray(source_points[:, :2]))
3257 vr_interp = vr_interpolator(
3258 num.ascontiguousarray(source_points[:, :2]))
3259 else:
3260 times_interp = times.T.ravel()
3261 vr_interp = vr.T.ravel()
3263 for isrc, src in enumerate(source_disc):
3264 src.vr = vr_interp[isrc]
3265 src.time = times_interp[isrc] + self.time
3267 self.patches = source_disc
3269 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
3270 '''
3271 Prepare source for synthetic waveform calculation.
3273 :param store:
3274 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of the
3275 source).
3276 :type store:
3277 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3279 :param target:
3280 Target information.
3281 :type target:
3282 optional, :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.targets.Target`
3284 :returns:
3285 Source discretized by a set of moment tensors and times.
3286 :rtype:
3287 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.meta.DiscretizedMTSource`
3288 '''
3289 if not target:
3290 interpolation = 'nearest_neighbor'
3291 else:
3292 interpolation = target.interpolation
3294 if not self.patches:
3295 self.discretize_patches(store, interpolation)
3297 if self.coef_mat is None:
3298 self.calc_coef_mat()
3300 delta_slip, slip_times = self.get_delta_slip(store)
3301 npatches = self.nx * self.ny
3302 ntimes = slip_times.size
3304 anch_x, anch_y = map_anchor[self.anchor]
3306 pln = self.length / self.nx
3307 pwd = self.width / self.ny
3309 patch_coords = num.array([
3310 (p.ix, p.iy)
3311 for p in self.patches]).reshape(self.nx, self.ny, 2)
3313 # boundary condition is zero-slip
3314 # is not valid to avoid unwished interpolation effects
3315 slip_grid = num.zeros((self.nx + 2, self.ny + 2, ntimes, 3))
3316 slip_grid[1:-1, 1:-1, :, :] = \
3317 delta_slip.reshape(self.nx, self.ny, ntimes, 3)
3319 slip_grid[0, 0, :, :] = slip_grid[1, 1, :, :]
3320 slip_grid[0, -1, :, :] = slip_grid[1, -2, :, :]
3321 slip_grid[-1, 0, :, :] = slip_grid[-2, 1, :, :]
3322 slip_grid[-1, -1, :, :] = slip_grid[-2, -2, :, :]
3324 slip_grid[1:-1, 0, :, :] = slip_grid[1:-1, 1, :, :]
3325 slip_grid[1:-1, -1, :, :] = slip_grid[1:-1, -2, :, :]
3326 slip_grid[0, 1:-1, :, :] = slip_grid[1, 1:-1, :, :]
3327 slip_grid[-1, 1:-1, :, :] = slip_grid[-2, 1:-1, :, :]
3329 def make_grid(patch_parameter):
3330 grid = num.zeros((self.nx + 2, self.ny + 2))
3331 grid[1:-1, 1:-1] = patch_parameter.reshape(self.nx, self.ny)
3333 grid[0, 0] = grid[1, 1]
3334 grid[0, -1] = grid[1, -2]
3335 grid[-1, 0] = grid[-2, 1]
3336 grid[-1, -1] = grid[-2, -2]
3338 grid[1:-1, 0] = grid[1:-1, 1]
3339 grid[1:-1, -1] = grid[1:-1, -2]
3340 grid[0, 1:-1] = grid[1, 1:-1]
3341 grid[-1, 1:-1] = grid[-2, 1:-1]
3343 return grid
3345 lamb = self.get_patch_attribute('lamb')
3346 mu = self.get_patch_attribute('shearmod')
3348 lamb_grid = make_grid(lamb)
3349 mu_grid = make_grid(mu)
3351 coords_x = num.zeros(self.nx + 2)
3352 coords_x[1:-1] = patch_coords[:, 0, 0]
3353 coords_x[0] = coords_x[1] - pln / 2
3354 coords_x[-1] = coords_x[-2] + pln / 2
3356 coords_y = num.zeros(self.ny + 2)
3357 coords_y[1:-1] = patch_coords[0, :, 1]
3358 coords_y[0] = coords_y[1] - pwd / 2
3359 coords_y[-1] = coords_y[-2] + pwd / 2
3361 slip_interp = RegularGridInterpolator(
3362 (coords_x, coords_y, slip_times),
3363 slip_grid, method='nearest')
3365 lamb_interp = RegularGridInterpolator(
3366 (coords_x, coords_y),
3367 lamb_grid, method='nearest')
3369 mu_interp = RegularGridInterpolator(
3370 (coords_x, coords_y),
3371 mu_grid, method='nearest')
3373 # discretize basesources
3374 mindeltagf = min(tuple(
3375 (self.length / self.nx, self.width / self.ny) +
3376 tuple(store.config.deltas)))
3378 nl = int((1. / self.decimation_factor) *
3379 num.ceil(pln / mindeltagf)) + 1
3380 nw = int((1. / self.decimation_factor) *
3381 num.ceil(pwd / mindeltagf)) + 1
3382 nsrc_patch = int(nl * nw)
3383 dl = pln / nl
3384 dw = pwd / nw
3386 patch_area = dl * dw
3388 xl = num.linspace(-0.5 * (pln - dl), 0.5 * (pln - dl), nl)
3389 xw = num.linspace(-0.5 * (pwd - dw), 0.5 * (pwd - dw), nw)
3391 base_coords = num.zeros((nsrc_patch, 3))
3392 base_coords[:, 0] = num.tile(xl, nw)
3393 base_coords[:, 1] = num.repeat(xw, nl)
3394 base_coords = num.tile(base_coords, (npatches, 1))
3396 center_coords = num.zeros((npatches, 3))
3397 center_coords[:, 0] = num.repeat(
3398 num.arange(self.nx) * pln + pln / 2, self.ny) - self.length / 2
3399 center_coords[:, 1] = num.tile(
3400 num.arange(self.ny) * pwd + pwd / 2, self.nx) - self.width / 2
3402 base_coords -= center_coords.repeat(nsrc_patch, axis=0)
3403 nbaselocs = base_coords.shape[0]
3405 base_interp = base_coords.repeat(ntimes, axis=0)
3407 base_times = num.tile(slip_times, nbaselocs)
3408 base_interp[:, 0] -= anch_x * self.length / 2
3409 base_interp[:, 1] -= anch_y * self.width / 2
3410 base_interp[:, 2] = base_times
3412 _, _, _, _, time_interpolator, _ = self.get_vr_time_interpolators(
3413 store, interpolation=interpolation)
3415 time_eikonal_max = time_interpolator.values.max()
3417 nbasesrcs = base_interp.shape[0]
3418 delta_slip = slip_interp(base_interp).reshape(nbaselocs, ntimes, 3)
3419 lamb = lamb_interp(base_interp[:, :2]).ravel()
3420 mu = mu_interp(base_interp[:, :2]).ravel()
3422 if False:
3423 try:
3424 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
3425 coords = base_coords.copy()
3426 norm = num.sum(num.linalg.norm(delta_slip, axis=2), axis=1)
3427 plt.scatter(coords[:, 0], coords[:, 1], c=norm)
3428 plt.show()
3429 except AttributeError:
3430 pass
3432 base_interp[:, 2] = 0.
3433 rotmat = pmt.euler_to_matrix(self.dip * d2r, self.strike * d2r, 0.0)
3434 base_interp = num.dot(rotmat.T, base_interp.T).T
3435 base_interp[:, 0] += self.north_shift
3436 base_interp[:, 1] += self.east_shift
3437 base_interp[:, 2] += self.depth
3439 slip_strike = delta_slip[:, :, 0].ravel()
3440 slip_dip = delta_slip[:, :, 1].ravel()
3441 slip_norm = delta_slip[:, :, 2].ravel()
3443 slip_shear = num.linalg.norm([slip_strike, slip_dip], axis=0)
3444 slip_rake = r2d * num.arctan2(slip_dip, slip_strike)
3446 m6s = okada_ext.patch2m6(
3447 strikes=num.full(nbasesrcs, self.strike, dtype=float),
3448 dips=num.full(nbasesrcs, self.dip, dtype=float),
3449 rakes=slip_rake,
3450 disl_shear=slip_shear,
3451 disl_norm=slip_norm,
3452 lamb=lamb,
3453 mu=mu,
3454 nthreads=self.nthreads)
3456 m6s *= patch_area
3458 dl = -self.patches[0].al1 + self.patches[0].al2
3459 dw = -self.patches[0].aw1 + self.patches[0].aw2
3461 base_times[base_times > time_eikonal_max] = time_eikonal_max
3463 ds = meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
3464 lat=self.lat,
3465 lon=self.lon,
3466 times=base_times + self.time,
3467 north_shifts=base_interp[:, 0],
3468 east_shifts=base_interp[:, 1],
3469 depths=base_interp[:, 2],
3470 m6s=m6s,
3471 dl=dl,
3472 dw=dw,
3473 nl=self.nx,
3474 nw=self.ny)
3476 return ds
3478 def calc_coef_mat(self):
3479 '''
3480 Calculate coefficients connecting tractions and dislocations.
3481 '''
3482 if not self.patches:
3483 raise ValueError(
3484 'Patches are needed. Please calculate them first.')
3486 self.coef_mat = make_okada_coefficient_matrix(
3487 self.patches, nthreads=self.nthreads, pure_shear=self.pure_shear)
3489 def get_patch_attribute(self, attr):
3490 '''
3491 Get patch attributes.
3493 :param attr:
3494 Name of selected attribute (see
3495 :py:class`pyrocko.modelling.okada.OkadaSource`).
3496 :type attr:
3497 str
3499 :returns:
3500 Array with attribute value for each fault patch.
3501 :rtype:
3502 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`
3504 '''
3505 if not self.patches:
3506 raise ValueError(
3507 'Patches are needed. Please calculate them first.')
3508 return num.array([getattr(p, attr) for p in self.patches])
3510 def get_slip(
3511 self,
3512 time=None,
3513 scale_slip=True,
3514 interpolation='nearest_neighbor',
3515 **kwargs):
3516 '''
3517 Get slip per subfault patch for given time after rupture start.
3519 :param time:
3520 Time after origin [s], for which slip is computed. If not
3521 given, final static slip is returned.
3522 :type time:
3523 optional, float > 0.
3525 :param scale_slip:
3526 If ``True`` and :py:attr:`slip` given, all slip values are scaled
3527 to fit the given maximum slip.
3528 :type scale_slip:
3529 optional, bool
3531 :param interpolation:
3532 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
3533 and ``'multilinear'``).
3534 :type interpolation:
3535 optional, str
3537 :returns:
3538 Inverted dislocations (:math:`u_{strike}, u_{dip}, u_{tensile}`)
3539 for each source patch.
3540 :rtype:
3541 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_sources, 3)``
3542 '''
3544 if self.patches is None:
3545 raise ValueError(
3546 'Please discretize the source first (discretize_patches())')
3547 npatches = len(self.patches)
3548 tractions = self.get_tractions()
3549 time_patch_max = self.get_patch_attribute('time').max() - self.time
3551 time_patch = time
3552 if time is None:
3553 time_patch = time_patch_max
3555 if self.coef_mat is None:
3556 self.calc_coef_mat()
3558 if tractions.shape != (npatches, 3):
3559 raise AttributeError(
3560 'The traction vector is of invalid shape.'
3561 ' Required shape is (npatches, 3)')
3563 patch_mask = num.ones(npatches, dtype=bool)
3564 if self.patch_mask is not None:
3565 patch_mask = self.patch_mask
3567 times = self.get_patch_attribute('time') - self.time
3568 times[~patch_mask] = time_patch + 1. # exlcude unmasked patches
3569 relevant_sources = num.nonzero(times <= time_patch)[0]
3570 disloc_est = num.zeros_like(tractions)
3572 if self.smooth_rupture:
3573 patch_activation = num.zeros(npatches)
3575 nx, ny, times, vr, time_interpolator, vr_interpolator = \
3576 self.get_vr_time_interpolators(
3577 store, interpolation=interpolation)
3579 # Getting the native Eikonal grid, bit hackish
3580 points_x = num.round(time_interpolator.grid[0], decimals=2)
3581 points_y = num.round(time_interpolator.grid[1], decimals=2)
3582 times_eikonal = time_interpolator.values
3584 time_max = time
3585 if time is None:
3586 time_max = times_eikonal.max()
3588 for ip, p in enumerate(self.patches):
3589 ul = num.round((p.ix + p.al1, p.iy + p.aw1), decimals=2)
3590 lr = num.round((p.ix + p.al2, p.iy + p.aw2), decimals=2)
3592 idx_length = num.logical_and(
3593 points_x >= ul[0], points_x <= lr[0])
3594 idx_width = num.logical_and(
3595 points_y >= ul[1], points_y <= lr[1])
3597 times_patch = times_eikonal[num.ix_(idx_length, idx_width)]
3598 if times_patch.size == 0:
3599 raise AttributeError('could not use smooth_rupture')
3601 patch_activation[ip] = \
3602 (times_patch <= time_max).sum() / times_patch.size
3604 if time_patch == 0 and time_patch != time_patch_max:
3605 patch_activation[ip] = 0.
3607 patch_activation[~patch_mask] = 0. # exlcude unmasked patches
3609 relevant_sources = num.nonzero(patch_activation > 0.)[0]
3611 if relevant_sources.size == 0:
3612 return disloc_est
3614 indices_disl = num.repeat(relevant_sources * 3, 3)
3615 indices_disl[1::3] += 1
3616 indices_disl[2::3] += 2
3618 disloc_est[relevant_sources] = invert_fault_dislocations_bem(
3619 stress_field=tractions[relevant_sources, :].ravel(),
3620 coef_mat=self.coef_mat[indices_disl, :][:, indices_disl],
3621 pure_shear=self.pure_shear, nthreads=self.nthreads,
3622 epsilon=None,
3623 **kwargs)
3625 if self.smooth_rupture:
3626 disloc_est *= patch_activation[:, num.newaxis]
3628 if scale_slip and self.slip is not None:
3629 disloc_tmax = num.zeros(npatches)
3631 indices_disl = num.repeat(num.nonzero(patch_mask)[0] * 3, 3)
3632 indices_disl[1::3] += 1
3633 indices_disl[2::3] += 2
3635 disloc_tmax[patch_mask] = num.linalg.norm(
3636 invert_fault_dislocations_bem(
3637 stress_field=tractions[patch_mask, :].ravel(),
3638 coef_mat=self.coef_mat[indices_disl, :][:, indices_disl],
3639 pure_shear=self.pure_shear, nthreads=self.nthreads,
3640 epsilon=None,
3641 **kwargs), axis=1)
3643 disloc_tmax_max = disloc_tmax.max()
3644 if disloc_tmax_max == 0.:
3645 logger.warning(
3646 'slip scaling not performed. Maximum slip is 0.')
3648 disloc_est *= self.slip / disloc_tmax_max
3650 return disloc_est
3652 def get_delta_slip(
3653 self,
3654 store=None,
3655 deltat=None,
3656 delta=True,
3657 interpolation='nearest_neighbor',
3658 **kwargs):
3659 '''
3660 Get slip change snapshots.
3662 The time interval, within which the slip changes are computed is
3663 determined by the sampling rate of the Green's function database or
3664 ``deltat``. Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to :py:meth:`get_slip`.
3666 :param store:
3667 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of of the
3668 source). Its sampling interval is used as time increment for slip
3669 difference calculation. Either ``deltat`` or ``store`` should be
3670 given.
3671 :type store:
3672 optional, :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3674 :param deltat:
3675 Time interval for slip difference calculation [s]. Either
3676 ``deltat`` or ``store`` should be given.
3677 :type deltat:
3678 optional, float
3680 :param delta:
3681 If ``True``, slip differences between two time steps are given. If
3682 ``False``, cumulative slip for all time steps.
3683 :type delta:
3684 optional, bool
3686 :param interpolation:
3687 Interpolation method to use (choose between ``'nearest_neighbor'``
3688 and ``'multilinear'``).
3689 :type interpolation:
3690 optional, str
3692 :returns:
3693 Displacement changes(:math:`\\Delta u_{strike},
3694 \\Delta u_{dip} , \\Delta u_{tensile}`) for each source patch and
3695 time; corner times, for which delta slip is computed. The order of
3696 displacement changes array is:
3698 .. math::
3700 &[[\\\\
3701 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch1, t1},
3702 \\Delta u_{dip, patch1, t1},
3703 \\Delta u_{tensile, patch1, t1}],\\\\
3704 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch1, t2},
3705 \\Delta u_{dip, patch1, t2},
3706 \\Delta u_{tensile, patch1, t2}]\\\\
3707 &], [\\\\
3708 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch2, t1}, ...],\\\\
3709 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch2, t2}, ...]]]\\\\
3711 :rtype: :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_sources, n_times, 3)``,
3712 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``
3713 '''
3714 if store and deltat:
3715 raise AttributeError(
3716 'Argument collision. '
3717 'Please define only the store or the deltat argument.')
3719 if store:
3720 deltat = store.config.deltat
3722 if not deltat:
3723 raise AttributeError('Please give a GF store or set deltat.')
3725 npatches = len(self.patches)
3727 _, _, _, _, time_interpolator, _ = self.get_vr_time_interpolators(
3728 store, interpolation=interpolation)
3729 tmax = time_interpolator.values.max()
3731 calc_times = num.arange(0., tmax + deltat, deltat)
3732 calc_times[calc_times > tmax] = tmax
3734 disloc_est = num.zeros((npatches, calc_times.size, 3))
3736 for itime, t in enumerate(calc_times):
3737 disloc_est[:, itime, :] = self.get_slip(
3738 time=t, scale_slip=False, **kwargs)
3740 if self.slip:
3741 disloc_tmax = num.linalg.norm(
3742 self.get_slip(scale_slip=False, time=tmax),
3743 axis=1)
3745 disloc_tmax_max = disloc_tmax.max()
3746 if disloc_tmax_max == 0.:
3747 logger.warning(
3748 'Slip scaling not performed. Maximum slip is 0.')
3749 else:
3750 disloc_est *= self.slip / disloc_tmax_max
3752 if not delta:
3753 return disloc_est, calc_times
3755 # if we have only one timestep there is no gradient
3756 if calc_times.size > 1:
3757 disloc_init = disloc_est[:, 0, :]
3758 disloc_est = num.diff(disloc_est, axis=1)
3759 disloc_est = num.concatenate((
3760 disloc_init[:, num.newaxis, :], disloc_est), axis=1)
3762 calc_times = calc_times
3764 return disloc_est, calc_times
3766 def get_slip_rate(self, *args, **kwargs):
3767 '''
3768 Get slip rate inverted from patches.
3770 The time interval, within which the slip rates are computed is
3771 determined by the sampling rate of the Green's function database or
3772 ``deltat``. Additional ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are passed to
3773 :py:meth:`get_delta_slip`.
3775 :returns:
3776 Slip rates (:math:`\\Delta u_{strike}/\\Delta t`,
3777 :math:`\\Delta u_{dip}/\\Delta t, \\Delta u_{tensile}/\\Delta t`)
3778 for each source patch and time; corner times, for which slip rate
3779 is computed. The order of sliprate array is:
3781 .. math::
3783 &[[\\\\
3784 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch1, t1}/\\Delta t,
3785 \\Delta u_{dip, patch1, t1}/\\Delta t,
3786 \\Delta u_{tensile, patch1, t1}/\\Delta t],\\\\
3787 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch1, t2}/\\Delta t,
3788 \\Delta u_{dip, patch1, t2}/\\Delta t,
3789 \\Delta u_{tensile, patch1, t2}/\\Delta t]], [\\\\
3790 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch2, t1}/\\Delta t, ...],\\\\
3791 &[\\Delta u_{strike, patch2, t2}/\\Delta t, ...]]]\\\\
3793 :rtype: :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_sources, n_times, 3)``,
3794 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``
3795 '''
3796 ddisloc_est, calc_times = self.get_delta_slip(
3797 *args, delta=True, **kwargs)
3799 dt = num.concatenate(
3800 [(num.diff(calc_times)[0], ), num.diff(calc_times)])
3801 slip_rate = num.linalg.norm(ddisloc_est, axis=2) / dt
3803 return slip_rate, calc_times
3805 def get_moment_rate_patches(self, *args, **kwargs):
3806 '''
3807 Get scalar seismic moment rate for each patch individually.
3809 Additional ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are passed to
3810 :py:meth:`get_slip_rate`.
3812 :returns:
3813 Seismic moment rate for each source patch and time; corner times,
3814 for which patch moment rate is computed based on slip rate. The
3815 order of the moment rate array is:
3817 .. math::
3819 &[\\\\
3820 &[(\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{patch1, t1},
3821 (\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{patch1, t2}, ...],\\\\
3822 &[(\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{patch2, t1},
3823 (\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{patch, t2}, ...],\\\\
3824 &[...]]\\\\
3826 :rtype: :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_sources, n_times)``,
3827 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``
3828 '''
3829 slip_rate, calc_times = self.get_slip_rate(*args, **kwargs)
3831 shear_mod = self.get_patch_attribute('shearmod')
3832 p_length = self.get_patch_attribute('length')
3833 p_width = self.get_patch_attribute('width')
3835 dA = p_length * p_width
3837 mom_rate = shear_mod[:, num.newaxis] * slip_rate * dA[:, num.newaxis]
3839 return mom_rate, calc_times
3841 def get_moment_rate(self, store, target=None, deltat=None):
3842 '''
3843 Get seismic source moment rate for the total source (STF).
3845 :param store:
3846 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of of the
3847 source). Its ``deltat`` [s] is used as time increment for slip
3848 difference calculation. Either ``deltat`` or ``store`` should be
3849 given.
3850 :type store:
3851 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3853 :param target:
3854 Target information, needed for interpolation method.
3855 :type target:
3856 optional, :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.targets.Target`
3858 :param deltat:
3859 Time increment for slip difference calculation [s]. If not given
3860 ``store.deltat`` is used.
3861 :type deltat:
3862 optional, float
3864 :return:
3865 Seismic moment rate [Nm/s] for each time; corner times, for which
3866 moment rate is computed. The order of the moment rate array is:
3868 .. math::
3870 &[\\\\
3871 &(\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{t1},\\\\
3872 &(\\Delta M / \\Delta t)_{t2},\\\\
3873 &...]\\\\
3875 :rtype:
3876 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``,
3877 :py:class:`~numpy.ndarray`: ``(n_times, )``
3878 '''
3879 if not deltat:
3880 deltat = store.config.deltat
3881 return self.discretize_basesource(
3882 store, target=target).get_moment_rate(deltat)
3884 def get_moment(self, *args, **kwargs):
3885 '''
3886 Get seismic cumulative moment.
3888 Additional ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are passed to
3889 :py:meth:`get_magnitude`.
3891 :returns:
3892 Cumulative seismic moment in [Nm].
3893 :rtype:
3894 float
3895 '''
3896 return float(pmt.magnitude_to_moment(self.get_magnitude(
3897 *args, **kwargs)))
3899 def rescale_slip(self, magnitude=None, moment=None, **kwargs):
3900 '''
3901 Rescale source slip based on given target magnitude or seismic moment.
3903 Rescale the maximum source slip to fit the source moment magnitude or
3904 seismic moment to the given target values. Either ``magnitude`` or
3905 ``moment`` need to be given. Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to
3906 :py:meth:`get_moment`.
3908 :param magnitude:
3909 Target moment magnitude :math:`M_\\mathrm{w}` as in
3910 [Hanks and Kanamori, 1979]
3911 :type magnitude:
3912 optional, float
3914 :param moment:
3915 Target seismic moment :math:`M_0` [Nm].
3916 :type moment:
3917 optional, float
3918 '''
3919 if self.slip is None:
3920 self.slip = 1.
3921 logger.warning('No slip found for rescaling. '
3922 'An initial slip of 1 m is assumed.')
3924 if magnitude is None and moment is None:
3925 raise ValueError(
3926 'Either target magnitude or moment need to be given.')
3928 moment_init = self.get_moment(**kwargs)
3930 if magnitude is not None:
3931 moment = pmt.magnitude_to_moment(magnitude)
3933 self.slip *= moment / moment_init
3935 def get_centroid(self, store, *args, **kwargs):
3936 '''
3937 Centroid of the pseudo dynamic rupture model.
3939 The centroid location and time are derived from the locations and times
3940 of the individual patches weighted with their moment contribution.
3941 Additional ``**kwargs`` are passed to :py:meth:`pyrocko_moment_tensor`.
3943 :param store:
3944 Green's function database (needs to cover whole region of of the
3945 source). Its ``deltat`` [s] is used as time increment for slip
3946 difference calculation. Either ``deltat`` or ``store`` should be
3947 given.
3948 :type store:
3949 :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store`
3951 :returns:
3952 The centroid location and associated moment tensor.
3953 :rtype:
3954 :py:class:`pyrocko.model.Event`
3955 '''
3956 _, _, _, _, time, _ = self.get_vr_time_interpolators(store)
3957 t_max = time.values.max()
3959 moment_rate, times = self.get_moment_rate_patches(deltat=t_max)
3961 moment = num.sum(moment_rate * times, axis=1)
3962 weights = moment / moment.sum()
3964 norths = self.get_patch_attribute('north_shift')
3965 easts = self.get_patch_attribute('east_shift')
3966 depths = self.get_patch_attribute('depth')
3968 centroid_n = num.sum(weights * norths)
3969 centroid_e = num.sum(weights * easts)
3970 centroid_d = num.sum(weights * depths)
3972 centroid_lat, centroid_lon = ne_to_latlon(
3973 self.lat, self.lon, centroid_n, centroid_e)
3975 moment_rate_, times = self.get_moment_rate(store)
3976 delta_times = num.concatenate((
3977 [times[1] - times[0]],
3978 num.diff(times)))
3979 moment_src = delta_times * moment_rate
3981 centroid_t = num.sum(
3982 moment_src / num.sum(moment_src) * times) + self.time
3984 mt = self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, *args, **kwargs)
3986 return model.Event(
3987 lat=centroid_lat,
3988 lon=centroid_lon,
3989 depth=centroid_d,
3990 time=centroid_t,
3991 moment_tensor=mt,
3992 magnitude=mt.magnitude,
3993 duration=t_max)
3996class DoubleDCSource(SourceWithMagnitude):
3997 '''
3998 Two double-couple point sources separated in space and time.
3999 Moment share between the sub-sources is controlled by the
4000 parameter mix.
4001 The position of the subsources is dependent on the moment
4002 distribution between the two sources. Depth, east and north
4003 shift are given for the centroid between the two double-couples.
4004 The subsources will positioned according to their moment shares
4005 around this centroid position.
4006 This is done according to their delta parameters, which are
4007 therefore in relation to that centroid.
4008 Note that depth of the subsources therefore can be
4009 depth+/-delta_depth. For shallow earthquakes therefore
4010 the depth has to be chosen deeper to avoid sampling
4011 above surface.
4012 '''
4014 strike1 = Float.T(
4015 default=0.0,
4016 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
4018 dip1 = Float.T(
4019 default=90.0,
4020 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
4022 azimuth = Float.T(
4023 default=0.0,
4024 help='azimuth to second double-couple [deg], '
4025 'measured at first, clockwise from north')
4027 rake1 = Float.T(
4028 default=0.0,
4029 help='rake angle in [deg], '
4030 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
4031 'in on-plane view')
4033 strike2 = Float.T(
4034 default=0.0,
4035 help='strike direction in [deg], measured clockwise from north')
4037 dip2 = Float.T(
4038 default=90.0,
4039 help='dip angle in [deg], measured downward from horizontal')
4041 rake2 = Float.T(
4042 default=0.0,
4043 help='rake angle in [deg], '
4044 'measured counter-clockwise from right-horizontal '
4045 'in on-plane view')
4047 delta_time = Float.T(
4048 default=0.0,
4049 help='separation of double-couples in time (t2-t1) [s]')
4051 delta_depth = Float.T(
4052 default=0.0,
4053 help='difference in depth (z2-z1) [m]')
4055 distance = Float.T(
4056 default=0.0,
4057 help='distance between the two double-couples [m]')
4059 mix = Float.T(
4060 default=0.5,
4061 help='how to distribute the moment to the two doublecouples '
4062 'mix=0 -> m1=1 and m2=0; mix=1 -> m1=0, m2=1')
4064 stf1 = STF.T(
4065 optional=True,
4066 help='Source time function of subsource 1 '
4067 '(if given, overrides STF from attribute :py:gattr:`Source.stf`)')
4069 stf2 = STF.T(
4070 optional=True,
4071 help='Source time function of subsource 2 '
4072 '(if given, overrides STF from attribute :py:gattr:`Source.stf`)')
4074 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
4076 def base_key(self):
4077 return (
4078 self.time, self.depth, self.lat, self.north_shift,
4079 self.lon, self.east_shift, type(self).__name__) + \
4080 self.effective_stf1_pre().base_key() + \
4081 self.effective_stf2_pre().base_key() + (
4082 self.strike1, self.dip1, self.rake1,
4083 self.strike2, self.dip2, self.rake2,
4084 self.delta_time, self.delta_depth,
4085 self.azimuth, self.distance, self.mix)
4087 def get_factor(self):
4088 return self.moment
4090 def effective_stf1_pre(self):
4091 return self.stf1 or self.stf or g_unit_pulse
4093 def effective_stf2_pre(self):
4094 return self.stf2 or self.stf or g_unit_pulse
4096 def effective_stf_post(self):
4097 return g_unit_pulse
4099 def split(self):
4100 a1 = 1.0 - self.mix
4101 a2 = self.mix
4102 delta_north = math.cos(self.azimuth * d2r) * self.distance
4103 delta_east = math.sin(self.azimuth * d2r) * self.distance
4105 dc1 = DCSource(
4106 lat=self.lat,
4107 lon=self.lon,
4108 time=self.time - self.delta_time * a2,
4109 north_shift=self.north_shift - delta_north * a2,
4110 east_shift=self.east_shift - delta_east * a2,
4111 depth=self.depth - self.delta_depth * a2,
4112 moment=self.moment * a1,
4113 strike=self.strike1,
4114 dip=self.dip1,
4115 rake=self.rake1,
4116 stf=self.stf1 or self.stf)
4118 dc2 = DCSource(
4119 lat=self.lat,
4120 lon=self.lon,
4121 time=self.time + self.delta_time * a1,
4122 north_shift=self.north_shift + delta_north * a1,
4123 east_shift=self.east_shift + delta_east * a1,
4124 depth=self.depth + self.delta_depth * a1,
4125 moment=self.moment * a2,
4126 strike=self.strike2,
4127 dip=self.dip2,
4128 rake=self.rake2,
4129 stf=self.stf2 or self.stf)
4131 return [dc1, dc2]
4133 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4134 a1 = 1.0 - self.mix
4135 a2 = self.mix
4136 mot1 = pmt.MomentTensor(strike=self.strike1, dip=self.dip1,
4137 rake=self.rake1, scalar_moment=a1)
4138 mot2 = pmt.MomentTensor(strike=self.strike2, dip=self.dip2,
4139 rake=self.rake2, scalar_moment=a2)
4141 delta_north = math.cos(self.azimuth * d2r) * self.distance
4142 delta_east = math.sin(self.azimuth * d2r) * self.distance
4144 times1, amplitudes1 = self.effective_stf1_pre().discretize_t(
4145 store.config.deltat, self.time - self.delta_time * a2)
4147 times2, amplitudes2 = self.effective_stf2_pre().discretize_t(
4148 store.config.deltat, self.time + self.delta_time * a1)
4150 nt1 = times1.size
4151 nt2 = times2.size
4153 ds = meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
4154 lat=self.lat,
4155 lon=self.lon,
4156 times=num.concatenate((times1, times2)),
4157 north_shifts=num.concatenate((
4158 num.repeat(self.north_shift - delta_north * a2, nt1),
4159 num.repeat(self.north_shift + delta_north * a1, nt2))),
4160 east_shifts=num.concatenate((
4161 num.repeat(self.east_shift - delta_east * a2, nt1),
4162 num.repeat(self.east_shift + delta_east * a1, nt2))),
4163 depths=num.concatenate((
4164 num.repeat(self.depth - self.delta_depth * a2, nt1),
4165 num.repeat(self.depth + self.delta_depth * a1, nt2))),
4166 m6s=num.vstack((
4167 mot1.m6()[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes1[:, num.newaxis],
4168 mot2.m6()[num.newaxis, :] * amplitudes2[:, num.newaxis])))
4170 return ds
4172 def pyrocko_moment_tensor(self, store=None, target=None):
4173 a1 = 1.0 - self.mix
4174 a2 = self.mix
4175 mot1 = pmt.MomentTensor(strike=self.strike1, dip=self.dip1,
4176 rake=self.rake1,
4177 scalar_moment=a1 * self.moment)
4178 mot2 = pmt.MomentTensor(strike=self.strike2, dip=self.dip2,
4179 rake=self.rake2,
4180 scalar_moment=a2 * self.moment)
4181 return pmt.MomentTensor(m=mot1.m() + mot2.m())
4183 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
4184 return SourceWithMagnitude.pyrocko_event(
4185 self, store, target,
4186 moment_tensor=self.pyrocko_moment_tensor(store, target),
4187 **kwargs)
4189 @classmethod
4190 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
4191 d = {}
4192 mt = ev.moment_tensor
4193 if mt:
4194 (strike, dip, rake), _ = mt.both_strike_dip_rake()
4195 d.update(
4196 strike1=float(strike),
4197 dip1=float(dip),
4198 rake1=float(rake),
4199 strike2=float(strike),
4200 dip2=float(dip),
4201 rake2=float(rake),
4202 mix=0.0,
4203 magnitude=float(mt.moment_magnitude()))
4205 d.update(kwargs)
4206 source = super(DoubleDCSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
4207 source.stf1 = source.stf
4208 source.stf2 = HalfSinusoidSTF(effective_duration=0.)
4209 source.stf = None
4210 return source
4213class RingfaultSource(SourceWithMagnitude):
4214 '''
4215 A ring fault with vertical doublecouples.
4216 '''
4218 diameter = Float.T(
4219 default=1.0,
4220 help='diameter of the ring in [m]')
4222 sign = Float.T(
4223 default=1.0,
4224 help='inside of the ring moves up (+1) or down (-1)')
4226 strike = Float.T(
4227 default=0.0,
4228 help='strike direction of the ring plane, clockwise from north,'
4229 ' in [deg]')
4231 dip = Float.T(
4232 default=0.0,
4233 help='dip angle of the ring plane from horizontal in [deg]')
4235 npointsources = Int.T(
4236 default=360,
4237 help='number of point sources to use')
4239 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
4241 def base_key(self):
4242 return Source.base_key(self) + (
4243 self.strike, self.dip, self.diameter, self.npointsources)
4245 def get_factor(self):
4246 return self.sign * self.moment
4248 def discretize_basesource(self, store=None, target=None):
4249 n = self.npointsources
4250 phi = num.linspace(0, 2.0 * num.pi, n, endpoint=False)
4252 points = num.zeros((n, 3))
4253 points[:, 0] = num.cos(phi) * 0.5 * self.diameter
4254 points[:, 1] = num.sin(phi) * 0.5 * self.diameter
4256 rotmat = pmt.euler_to_matrix(self.dip * d2r, self.strike * d2r, 0.0)
4257 points = num.dot(rotmat.T, points.T).T # !!! ?
4259 points[:, 0] += self.north_shift
4260 points[:, 1] += self.east_shift
4261 points[:, 2] += self.depth
4263 m = num.array(pmt.MomentTensor(strike=90., dip=90., rake=-90.,
4264 scalar_moment=1.0 / n).m())
4266 rotmats = num.transpose(
4267 [[num.cos(phi), num.sin(phi), num.zeros(n)],
4268 [-num.sin(phi), num.cos(phi), num.zeros(n)],
4269 [num.zeros(n), num.zeros(n), num.ones(n)]], (2, 0, 1))
4271 ms = num.zeros((n, 3, 3))
4272 for i in range(n):
4273 mtemp = num.dot(rotmats[i].T, num.dot(m, rotmats[i]))
4274 ms[i, :, :] = num.dot(rotmat.T, num.dot(mtemp, rotmat))
4276 m6s = num.vstack((ms[:, 0, 0], ms[:, 1, 1], ms[:, 2, 2],
4277 ms[:, 0, 1], ms[:, 0, 2], ms[:, 1, 2])).T
4279 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
4280 store.config.deltat, self.time)
4282 nt = times.size
4284 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource(
4285 times=num.tile(times, n),
4286 lat=self.lat,
4287 lon=self.lon,
4288 north_shifts=num.repeat(points[:, 0], nt),
4289 east_shifts=num.repeat(points[:, 1], nt),
4290 depths=num.repeat(points[:, 2], nt),
4291 m6s=num.repeat(m6s, nt, axis=0) * num.tile(
4292 amplitudes, n)[:, num.newaxis])
4295class CombiSource(Source):
4296 '''
4297 Composite source model.
4298 '''
4300 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedMTSource
4302 subsources = List.T(Source.T())
4304 def __init__(self, subsources=[], **kwargs):
4305 if not subsources:
4306 raise BadRequest(
4307 'Need at least one sub-source to create a CombiSource object.')
4309 lats = num.array(
4310 [subsource.lat for subsource in subsources], dtype=float)
4311 lons = num.array(
4312 [subsource.lon for subsource in subsources], dtype=float)
4314 lat, lon = lats[0], lons[0]
4315 if not num.all(lats == lat) and num.all(lons == lon):
4316 subsources = [s.clone() for s in subsources]
4317 for subsource in subsources[1:]:
4318 subsource.set_origin(lat, lon)
4320 depth = float(num.mean([p.depth for p in subsources]))
4321 time = float(num.mean([p.time for p in subsources]))
4322 north_shift = float(num.mean([p.north_shift for p in subsources]))
4323 east_shift = float(num.mean([p.east_shift for p in subsources]))
4324 kwargs.update(
4325 time=time,
4326 lat=float(lat),
4327 lon=float(lon),
4328 north_shift=north_shift,
4329 east_shift=east_shift,
4330 depth=depth)
4332 Source.__init__(self, subsources=subsources, **kwargs)
4334 def get_factor(self):
4335 return 1.0
4337 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4338 dsources = []
4339 for sf in self.subsources:
4340 ds = sf.discretize_basesource(store, target)
4341 ds.m6s *= sf.get_factor()
4342 dsources.append(ds)
4344 return meta.DiscretizedMTSource.combine(dsources)
4347class SFSource(Source):
4348 '''
4349 A single force point source.
4351 Supported GF schemes: `'elastic5'`.
4352 '''
4354 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedSFSource
4356 fn = Float.T(
4357 default=0.,
4358 help='northward component of single force [N]')
4360 fe = Float.T(
4361 default=0.,
4362 help='eastward component of single force [N]')
4364 fd = Float.T(
4365 default=0.,
4366 help='downward component of single force [N]')
4368 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
4369 Source.__init__(self, **kwargs)
4371 def base_key(self):
4372 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.fn, self.fe, self.fd)
4374 def get_factor(self):
4375 return 1.0
4377 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4378 times, amplitudes = self.effective_stf_pre().discretize_t(
4379 store.config.deltat, self.time)
4380 forces = amplitudes[:, num.newaxis] * num.array(
4381 [[self.fn, self.fe, self.fd]], dtype=float)
4383 return meta.DiscretizedSFSource(forces=forces,
4384 **self._dparams_base_repeated(times))
4386 def pyrocko_event(self, store=None, target=None, **kwargs):
4387 return Source.pyrocko_event(
4388 self, store, target,
4389 **kwargs)
4391 @classmethod
4392 def from_pyrocko_event(cls, ev, **kwargs):
4393 d = {}
4394 d.update(kwargs)
4395 return super(SFSource, cls).from_pyrocko_event(ev, **d)
4398class PorePressurePointSource(Source):
4399 '''
4400 Excess pore pressure point source.
4402 For poro-elastic initial value problem where an excess pore pressure is
4403 brought into a small source volume.
4404 '''
4406 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedPorePressureSource
4408 pp = Float.T(
4409 default=1.0,
4410 help='initial excess pore pressure in [Pa]')
4412 def base_key(self):
4413 return Source.base_key(self)
4415 def get_factor(self):
4416 return self.pp
4418 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4419 return meta.DiscretizedPorePressureSource(pp=arr(1.0),
4420 **self._dparams_base())
4423class PorePressureLineSource(Source):
4424 '''
4425 Excess pore pressure line source.
4427 The line source is centered at (north_shift, east_shift, depth).
4428 '''
4430 discretized_source_class = meta.DiscretizedPorePressureSource
4432 pp = Float.T(
4433 default=1.0,
4434 help='initial excess pore pressure in [Pa]')
4436 length = Float.T(
4437 default=0.0,
4438 help='length of the line source [m]')
4440 azimuth = Float.T(
4441 default=0.0,
4442 help='azimuth direction, clockwise from north [deg]')
4444 dip = Float.T(
4445 default=90.,
4446 help='dip direction, downward from horizontal [deg]')
4448 def base_key(self):
4449 return Source.base_key(self) + (self.azimuth, self.dip, self.length)
4451 def get_factor(self):
4452 return self.pp
4454 def discretize_basesource(self, store, target=None):
4456 n = 2 * int(math.ceil(self.length / num.min(store.config.deltas))) + 1
4458 a = num.linspace(-0.5 * self.length, 0.5 * self.length, n)
4460 sa = math.sin(self.azimuth * d2r)
4461 ca = math.cos(self.azimuth * d2r)
4462 sd = math.sin(self.dip * d2r)
4463 cd = math.cos(self.dip * d2r)
4465 points = num.zeros((n, 3))
4466 points[:, 0] = self.north_shift + a * ca * cd
4467 points[:, 1] = self.east_shift + a * sa * cd
4468 points[:, 2] = self.depth + a * sd
4470 return meta.DiscretizedPorePressureSource(
4471 times=util.num_full(n, self.time),
4472 lat=self.lat,
4473 lon=self.lon,
4474 north_shifts=points[:, 0],
4475 east_shifts=points[:, 1],
4476 depths=points[:, 2],
4477 pp=num.ones(n) / n)
4480class Request(Object):
4481 '''
4482 Synthetic seismogram computation request.
4484 ::
4486 Request(**kwargs)
4487 Request(sources, targets, **kwargs)
4488 '''
4490 sources = List.T(
4491 Source.T(),
4492 help='list of sources for which to produce synthetics.')
4494 targets = List.T(
4495 Target.T(),
4496 help='list of targets for which to produce synthetics.')
4498 @classmethod
4499 def args2kwargs(cls, args):
4500 if len(args) not in (0, 2, 3):
4501 raise BadRequest('Invalid arguments.')
4503 if len(args) == 2:
4504 return dict(sources=args[0], targets=args[1])
4505 else:
4506 return {}
4508 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
4509 kwargs.update(self.args2kwargs(args))
4510 sources = kwargs.pop('sources', [])
4511 targets = kwargs.pop('targets', [])
4513 if isinstance(sources, Source):
4514 sources = [sources]
4516 if isinstance(targets, Target) or isinstance(targets, StaticTarget):
4517 targets = [targets]
4519 Object.__init__(self, sources=sources, targets=targets, **kwargs)
4521 @property
4522 def targets_dynamic(self):
4523 return [t for t in self.targets if isinstance(t, Target)]
4525 @property
4526 def targets_static(self):
4527 return [t for t in self.targets if isinstance(t, StaticTarget)]
4529 @property
4530 def has_dynamic(self):
4531 return True if len(self.targets_dynamic) > 0 else False
4533 @property
4534 def has_statics(self):
4535 return True if len(self.targets_static) > 0 else False
4537 def subsources_map(self):
4538 m = defaultdict(list)
4539 for source in self.sources:
4540 m[source.base_key()].append(source)
4542 return m
4544 def subtargets_map(self):
4545 m = defaultdict(list)
4546 for target in self.targets:
4547 m[target.base_key()].append(target)
4549 return m
4551 def subrequest_map(self):
4552 ms = self.subsources_map()
4553 mt = self.subtargets_map()
4554 m = {}
4555 for (ks, ls) in ms.items():
4556 for (kt, lt) in mt.items():
4557 m[ks, kt] = (ls, lt)
4559 return m
4562class ProcessingStats(Object):
4563 t_perc_get_store_and_receiver = Float.T(default=0.)
4564 t_perc_discretize_source = Float.T(default=0.)
4565 t_perc_make_base_seismogram = Float.T(default=0.)
4566 t_perc_make_same_span = Float.T(default=0.)
4567 t_perc_post_process = Float.T(default=0.)
4568 t_perc_optimize = Float.T(default=0.)
4569 t_perc_stack = Float.T(default=0.)
4570 t_perc_static_get_store = Float.T(default=0.)
4571 t_perc_static_discretize_basesource = Float.T(default=0.)
4572 t_perc_static_sum_statics = Float.T(default=0.)
4573 t_perc_static_post_process = Float.T(default=0.)
4574 t_wallclock = Float.T(default=0.)
4575 t_cpu = Float.T(default=0.)
4576 n_read_blocks = Int.T(default=0)
4577 n_results = Int.T(default=0)
4578 n_subrequests = Int.T(default=0)
4579 n_stores = Int.T(default=0)
4580 n_records_stacked = Int.T(default=0)
4583class Response(Object):
4584 '''
4585 Resonse object to a synthetic seismogram computation request.
4586 '''
4588 request = Request.T()
4589 results_list = List.T(List.T(meta.SeismosizerResult.T()))
4590 stats = ProcessingStats.T()
4592 def pyrocko_traces(self):
4593 '''
4594 Return a list of requested
4595 :class:`~pyrocko.trace.Trace` instances.
4596 '''
4598 traces = []
4599 for results in self.results_list:
4600 for result in results:
4601 if not isinstance(result, meta.Result):
4602 continue
4603 traces.append(result.trace.pyrocko_trace())
4605 return traces
4607 def kite_scenes(self):
4608 '''
4609 Return a list of requested
4610 :class:`~kite.scenes` instances.
4611 '''
4612 kite_scenes = []
4613 for results in self.results_list:
4614 for result in results:
4615 if isinstance(result, meta.KiteSceneResult):
4616 sc = result.get_scene()
4617 kite_scenes.append(sc)
4619 return kite_scenes
4621 def static_results(self):
4622 '''
4623 Return a list of requested
4624 :class:`~pyrocko.gf.meta.StaticResult` instances.
4625 '''
4626 statics = []
4627 for results in self.results_list:
4628 for result in results:
4629 if not isinstance(result, meta.StaticResult):
4630 continue
4631 statics.append(result)
4633 return statics
4635 def iter_results(self, get='pyrocko_traces'):
4636 '''
4637 Generator function to iterate over results of request.
4639 Yields associated :py:class:`Source`,
4640 :class:`~pyrocko.gf.targets.Target`,
4641 :class:`~pyrocko.trace.Trace` instances in each iteration.
4642 '''
4644 for isource, source in enumerate(self.request.sources):
4645 for itarget, target in enumerate(self.request.targets):
4646 result = self.results_list[isource][itarget]
4647 if get == 'pyrocko_traces':
4648 yield source, target, result.trace.pyrocko_trace()
4649 elif get == 'results':
4650 yield source, target, result
4652 def snuffle(self, **kwargs):
4653 '''
4654 Open *snuffler* with requested traces.
4655 '''
4657 trace.snuffle(self.pyrocko_traces(), **kwargs)
4660class Engine(Object):
4661 '''
4662 Base class for synthetic seismogram calculators.
4663 '''
4665 def get_store_ids(self):
4666 '''
4667 Get list of available GF store IDs
4668 '''
4670 return []
4673class Rule(object):
4674 pass
4677class VectorRule(Rule):
4679 def __init__(self, quantity, differentiate=0, integrate=0):
4680 self.components = [quantity + '.' + c for c in 'ned']
4681 self.differentiate = differentiate
4682 self.integrate = integrate
4684 def required_components(self, target):
4685 n, e, d = self.components
4686 sa, ca, sd, cd = target.get_sin_cos_factors()
4688 comps = []
4689 if nonzero(ca * cd):
4690 comps.append(n)
4692 if nonzero(sa * cd):
4693 comps.append(e)
4695 if nonzero(sd):
4696 comps.append(d)
4698 return tuple(comps)
4700 def apply_(self, target, base_seismogram):
4701 n, e, d = self.components
4702 sa, ca, sd, cd = target.get_sin_cos_factors()
4704 if nonzero(ca * cd):
4705 data = base_seismogram[n].data * (ca * cd)
4706 deltat = base_seismogram[n].deltat
4707 else:
4708 data = 0.0
4710 if nonzero(sa * cd):
4711 data = data + base_seismogram[e].data * (sa * cd)
4712 deltat = base_seismogram[e].deltat
4714 if nonzero(sd):
4715 data = data + base_seismogram[d].data * sd
4716 deltat = base_seismogram[d].deltat
4718 if self.differentiate:
4719 data = util.diff_fd(self.differentiate, 4, deltat, data)
4721 if self.integrate:
4722 raise NotImplementedError('Integration is not implemented yet.')
4724 return data
4727class HorizontalVectorRule(Rule):
4729 def __init__(self, quantity, differentiate=0, integrate=0):
4730 self.components = [quantity + '.' + c for c in 'ne']
4731 self.differentiate = differentiate
4732 self.integrate = integrate
4734 def required_components(self, target):
4735 n, e = self.components
4736 sa, ca, _, _ = target.get_sin_cos_factors()
4738 comps = []
4739 if nonzero(ca):
4740 comps.append(n)
4742 if nonzero(sa):
4743 comps.append(e)
4745 return tuple(comps)
4747 def apply_(self, target, base_seismogram):
4748 n, e = self.components
4749 sa, ca, _, _ = target.get_sin_cos_factors()
4751 if nonzero(ca):
4752 data = base_seismogram[n].data * ca
4753 else:
4754 data = 0.0
4756 if nonzero(sa):
4757 data = data + base_seismogram[e].data * sa
4759 if self.differentiate:
4760 deltat = base_seismogram[e].deltat
4761 data = util.diff_fd(self.differentiate, 4, deltat, data)
4763 if self.integrate:
4764 raise NotImplementedError('Integration is not implemented yet.')
4766 return data
4769class ScalarRule(Rule):
4771 def __init__(self, quantity, differentiate=0):
4772 self.c = quantity
4774 def required_components(self, target):
4775 return (self.c, )
4777 def apply_(self, target, base_seismogram):
4778 data = base_seismogram[self.c].data.copy()
4779 deltat = base_seismogram[self.c].deltat
4780 if self.differentiate:
4781 data = util.diff_fd(self.differentiate, 4, deltat, data)
4783 return data
4786class StaticDisplacement(Rule):
4788 def required_components(self, target):
4789 return tuple(['displacement.%s' % c for c in list('ned')])
4791 def apply_(self, target, base_statics):
4792 if isinstance(target, SatelliteTarget):
4793 los_fac = target.get_los_factors()
4794 base_statics['displacement.los'] =\
4795 (los_fac[:, 0] * -base_statics['displacement.d'] +
4796 los_fac[:, 1] * base_statics['displacement.e'] +
4797 los_fac[:, 2] * base_statics['displacement.n'])
4798 return base_statics
4801channel_rules = {
4802 'displacement': [VectorRule('displacement')],
4803 'rotation': [VectorRule('rotation')],
4804 'velocity': [
4805 VectorRule('velocity'),
4806 VectorRule('displacement', differentiate=1)],
4807 'acceleration': [
4808 VectorRule('acceleration'),
4809 VectorRule('velocity', differentiate=1),
4810 VectorRule('displacement', differentiate=2)],
4811 'pore_pressure': [ScalarRule('pore_pressure')],
4812 'vertical_tilt': [HorizontalVectorRule('vertical_tilt')],
4813 'darcy_velocity': [VectorRule('darcy_velocity')],
4814}
4816static_rules = {
4817 'displacement': [StaticDisplacement()]
4818}
4821class OutOfBoundsContext(Object):
4822 source = Source.T()
4823 target = Target.T()
4824 distance = Float.T()
4825 components = List.T(String.T())
4828def process_dynamic_timeseries(work, psources, ptargets, engine, nthreads=0):
4829 dsource_cache = {}
4830 tcounters = list(range(6))
4832 store_ids = set()
4833 sources = set()
4834 targets = set()
4836 for itarget, target in enumerate(ptargets):
4837 target._id = itarget
4839 for w in work:
4840 _, _, isources, itargets = w
4842 sources.update([psources[isource] for isource in isources])
4843 targets.update([ptargets[itarget] for itarget in itargets])
4845 store_ids = set([t.store_id for t in targets])
4847 for isource, source in enumerate(psources):
4849 components = set()
4850 for itarget, target in enumerate(targets):
4851 rule = engine.get_rule(source, target)
4852 components.update(rule.required_components(target))
4854 for store_id in store_ids:
4855 store_targets = [t for t in targets if t.store_id == store_id]
4857 sample_rates = set([t.sample_rate for t in store_targets])
4858 interpolations = set([t.interpolation for t in store_targets])
4860 base_seismograms = []
4861 store_targets_out = []
4863 for samp_rate in sample_rates:
4864 for interp in interpolations:
4865 engine_targets = [
4866 t for t in store_targets if t.sample_rate == samp_rate
4867 and t.interpolation == interp]
4869 if not engine_targets:
4870 continue
4872 store_targets_out += engine_targets
4874 base_seismograms += engine.base_seismograms(
4875 source,
4876 engine_targets,
4877 components,
4878 dsource_cache,
4879 nthreads)
4881 for iseis, seismogram in enumerate(base_seismograms):
4882 for tr in seismogram.values():
4883 if tr.err != store.SeismosizerErrorEnum.SUCCESS:
4884 e = SeismosizerError(
4885 'Seismosizer failed with return code %i\n%s' % (
4886 tr.err, str(
4887 OutOfBoundsContext(
4888 source=source,
4889 target=store_targets[iseis],
4890 distance=source.distance_to(
4891 store_targets[iseis]),
4892 components=components))))
4893 raise e
4895 for seismogram, target in zip(base_seismograms, store_targets_out):
4897 try:
4898 result = engine._post_process_dynamic(
4899 seismogram, source, target)
4900 except SeismosizerError as e:
4901 result = e
4903 yield (isource, target._id, result), tcounters
4906def process_dynamic(work, psources, ptargets, engine, nthreads=0):
4907 dsource_cache = {}
4909 for w in work:
4910 _, _, isources, itargets = w
4912 sources = [psources[isource] for isource in isources]
4913 targets = [ptargets[itarget] for itarget in itargets]
4915 components = set()
4916 for target in targets:
4917 rule = engine.get_rule(sources[0], target)
4918 components.update(rule.required_components(target))
4920 for isource, source in zip(isources, sources):
4921 for itarget, target in zip(itargets, targets):
4923 try:
4924 base_seismogram, tcounters = engine.base_seismogram(
4925 source, target, components, dsource_cache, nthreads)
4926 except meta.OutOfBounds as e:
4927 e.context = OutOfBoundsContext(
4928 source=sources[0],
4929 target=targets[0],
4930 distance=sources[0].distance_to(targets[0]),
4931 components=components)
4932 raise
4934 n_records_stacked = 0
4935 t_optimize = 0.0
4936 t_stack = 0.0
4938 for _, tr in base_seismogram.items():
4939 n_records_stacked += tr.n_records_stacked
4940 t_optimize += tr.t_optimize
4941 t_stack += tr.t_stack
4943 try:
4944 result = engine._post_process_dynamic(
4945 base_seismogram, source, target)
4946 result.n_records_stacked = n_records_stacked
4947 result.n_shared_stacking = len(sources) *\
4948 len(targets)
4949 result.t_optimize = t_optimize
4950 result.t_stack = t_stack
4951 except SeismosizerError as e:
4952 result = e
4954 tcounters.append(xtime())
4955 yield (isource, itarget, result), tcounters
4958def process_static(work, psources, ptargets, engine, nthreads=0):
4959 for w in work:
4960 _, _, isources, itargets = w
4962 sources = [psources[isource] for isource in isources]
4963 targets = [ptargets[itarget] for itarget in itargets]
4965 for isource, source in zip(isources, sources):
4966 for itarget, target in zip(itargets, targets):
4967 components = engine.get_rule(source, target)\
4968 .required_components(target)
4970 try:
4971 base_statics, tcounters = engine.base_statics(
4972 source, target, components, nthreads)
4973 except meta.OutOfBounds as e:
4974 e.context = OutOfBoundsContext(
4975 source=sources[0],
4976 target=targets[0],
4977 distance=float('nan'),
4978 components=components)
4979 raise
4980 result = engine._post_process_statics(
4981 base_statics, source, target)
4982 tcounters.append(xtime())
4984 yield (isource, itarget, result), tcounters
4987class LocalEngine(Engine):
4988 '''
4989 Offline synthetic seismogram calculator.
4991 :param use_env: if ``True``, fill :py:attr:`store_superdirs` and
4992 :py:attr:`store_dirs` with paths set in environment variables
4993 GF_STORE_SUPERDIRS and GF_STORE_DIRS.
4994 :param use_config: if ``True``, fill :py:attr:`store_superdirs` and
4995 :py:attr:`store_dirs` with paths set in the user's config file.
4997 The config file can be found at :file:`~/.pyrocko/config.pf`
4999 .. code-block :: python
5001 gf_store_dirs: ['/home/pyrocko/gf_stores/ak135/']
5002 gf_store_superdirs: ['/home/pyrocko/gf_stores/']
5003 '''
5005 store_superdirs = List.T(
5006 String.T(),
5007 help="directories which are searched for Green's function stores")
5009 store_dirs = List.T(
5010 String.T(),
5011 help="additional individual Green's function store directories")
5013 default_store_id = String.T(
5014 optional=True,
5015 help='default store ID to be used when a request does not provide '
5016 'one')
5018 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
5019 use_env = kwargs.pop('use_env', False)
5020 use_config = kwargs.pop('use_config', False)
5021 Engine.__init__(self, **kwargs)
5022 if use_env:
5023 env_store_superdirs = os.environ.get('GF_STORE_SUPERDIRS', '')
5024 env_store_dirs = os.environ.get('GF_STORE_DIRS', '')
5025 if env_store_superdirs:
5026 self.store_superdirs.extend(env_store_superdirs.split(':'))
5028 if env_store_dirs:
5029 self.store_dirs.extend(env_store_dirs.split(':'))
5031 if use_config:
5032 c = config.config()
5033 self.store_superdirs.extend(c.gf_store_superdirs)
5034 self.store_dirs.extend(c.gf_store_dirs)
5036 self._check_store_dirs_type()
5037 self._id_to_store_dir = {}
5038 self._open_stores = {}
5039 self._effective_default_store_id = None
5041 def _check_store_dirs_type(self):
5042 for sdir in ['store_dirs', 'store_superdirs']:
5043 if not isinstance(self.__getattribute__(sdir), list):
5044 raise TypeError('{} of {} is not of type list'.format(
5045 sdir, self.__class__.__name__))
5047 def _get_store_id(self, store_dir):
5048 store_ = store.Store(store_dir)
5049 store_id = store_.config.id
5050 store_.close()
5051 return store_id
5053 def _looks_like_store_dir(self, store_dir):
5054 return os.path.isdir(store_dir) and \
5055 all(os.path.isfile(pjoin(store_dir, x)) for x in
5056 ('index', 'traces', 'config'))
5058 def iter_store_dirs(self):
5059 store_dirs = set()
5060 for d in self.store_superdirs:
5061 if not os.path.exists(d):
5062 logger.warning('store_superdir not available: %s' % d)
5063 continue
5065 for entry in os.listdir(d):
5066 store_dir = os.path.realpath(pjoin(d, entry))
5067 if self._looks_like_store_dir(store_dir):
5068 store_dirs.add(store_dir)
5070 for store_dir in self.store_dirs:
5071 store_dirs.add(os.path.realpath(store_dir))
5073 return store_dirs
5075 def _scan_stores(self):
5076 for store_dir in self.iter_store_dirs():
5077 store_id = self._get_store_id(store_dir)
5078 if store_id not in self._id_to_store_dir:
5079 self._id_to_store_dir[store_id] = store_dir
5080 else:
5081 if store_dir != self._id_to_store_dir[store_id]:
5082 raise DuplicateStoreId(
5083 'GF store ID %s is used in (at least) two '
5084 'different stores. Locations are: %s and %s' %
5085 (store_id, self._id_to_store_dir[store_id], store_dir))
5087 def get_store_dir(self, store_id):
5088 '''
5089 Lookup directory given a GF store ID.
5090 '''
5092 if store_id not in self._id_to_store_dir:
5093 self._scan_stores()
5095 if store_id not in self._id_to_store_dir:
5096 raise NoSuchStore(store_id, self.iter_store_dirs())
5098 return self._id_to_store_dir[store_id]
5100 def get_store_ids(self):
5101 '''
5102 Get list of available store IDs.
5103 '''
5105 self._scan_stores()
5106 return sorted(self._id_to_store_dir.keys())
5108 def effective_default_store_id(self):
5109 if self._effective_default_store_id is None:
5110 if self.default_store_id is None:
5111 store_ids = self.get_store_ids()
5112 if len(store_ids) == 1:
5113 self._effective_default_store_id = self.get_store_ids()[0]
5114 else:
5115 raise NoDefaultStoreSet()
5116 else:
5117 self._effective_default_store_id = self.default_store_id
5119 return self._effective_default_store_id
5121 def get_store(self, store_id=None):
5122 '''
5123 Get a store from the engine.
5125 :param store_id: identifier of the store (optional)
5126 :returns: :py:class:`~pyrocko.gf.store.Store` object
5128 If no ``store_id`` is provided the store
5129 associated with the :py:gattr:`default_store_id` is returned.
5130 Raises :py:exc:`NoDefaultStoreSet` if :py:gattr:`default_store_id` is
5131 undefined.
5132 '''
5134 if store_id is None:
5135 store_id = self.effective_default_store_id()
5137 if store_id not in self._open_stores:
5138 store_dir = self.get_store_dir(store_id)
5139 self._open_stores[store_id] = store.Store(store_dir)
5141 return self._open_stores[store_id]
5143 def get_store_config(self, store_id):
5144 store = self.get_store(store_id)
5145 return store.config
5147 def get_store_extra(self, store_id, key):
5148 store = self.get_store(store_id)
5149 return store.get_extra(key)
5151 def close_cashed_stores(self):
5152 '''
5153 Close and remove ids from cashed stores.
5154 '''
5155 store_ids = []
5156 for store_id, store_ in self._open_stores.items():
5157 store_.close()
5158 store_ids.append(store_id)
5160 for store_id in store_ids:
5161 self._open_stores.pop(store_id)
5163 def get_rule(self, source, target):
5164 cprovided = self.get_store(target.store_id).get_provided_components()
5166 if isinstance(target, StaticTarget):
5167 quantity = target.quantity
5168 available_rules = static_rules
5169 elif isinstance(target, Target):
5170 quantity = target.effective_quantity()
5171 available_rules = channel_rules
5173 try:
5174 for rule in available_rules[quantity]:
5175 cneeded = rule.required_components(target)
5176 if all(c in cprovided for c in cneeded):
5177 return rule
5179 except KeyError:
5180 pass
5182 raise BadRequest(
5183 'No rule to calculate "%s" with GFs from store "%s" '
5184 'for source model "%s".' % (
5185 target.effective_quantity(),
5186 target.store_id,
5187 source.__class__.__name__))
5189 def _cached_discretize_basesource(self, source, store, cache, target):
5190 if (source, store) not in cache:
5191 cache[source, store] = source.discretize_basesource(store, target)
5193 return cache[source, store]
5195 def base_seismograms(self, source, targets, components, dsource_cache,
5196 nthreads=0):
5198 target = targets[0]
5200 interp = set([t.interpolation for t in targets])
5201 if len(interp) > 1:
5202 raise BadRequest('Targets have different interpolation schemes.')
5204 rates = set([t.sample_rate for t in targets])
5205 if len(rates) > 1:
5206 raise BadRequest('Targets have different sample rates.')
5208 store_ = self.get_store(target.store_id)
5209 receivers = [t.receiver(store_) for t in targets]
5211 if target.sample_rate is not None:
5212 deltat = 1. / target.sample_rate
5213 rate = target.sample_rate
5214 else:
5215 deltat = None
5216 rate = store_.config.sample_rate
5218 tmin = num.fromiter(
5219 (t.tmin for t in targets), dtype=float, count=len(targets))
5220 tmax = num.fromiter(
5221 (t.tmax for t in targets), dtype=float, count=len(targets))
5223 mask = num.logical_and(num.isfinite(tmin), num.isfinite(tmax))
5225 itmin = num.zeros_like(tmin, dtype=num.int64)
5226 itmax = num.zeros_like(tmin, dtype=num.int64)
5227 nsamples = num.full_like(tmin, -1, dtype=num.int64)
5229 itmin[mask] = num.floor(tmin[mask] * rate).astype(num.int64)
5230 itmax[mask] = num.ceil(tmax[mask] * rate).astype(num.int64)
5231 nsamples = itmax - itmin + 1
5232 nsamples[num.logical_not(mask)] = -1
5234 base_source = self._cached_discretize_basesource(
5235 source, store_, dsource_cache, target)
5237 base_seismograms = store_.calc_seismograms(
5238 base_source, receivers, components,
5239 deltat=deltat,
5240 itmin=itmin, nsamples=nsamples,
5241 interpolation=target.interpolation,
5242 optimization=target.optimization,
5243 nthreads=nthreads)
5245 for i, base_seismogram in enumerate(base_seismograms):
5246 base_seismograms[i] = store.make_same_span(base_seismogram)
5248 return base_seismograms
5250 def base_seismogram(self, source, target, components, dsource_cache,
5251 nthreads):
5253 tcounters = [xtime()]
5255 store_ = self.get_store(target.store_id)
5256 receiver = target.receiver(store_)
5258 if target.tmin and target.tmax is not None:
5259 rate = store_.config.sample_rate
5260 itmin = int(num.floor(target.tmin * rate))
5261 itmax = int(num.ceil(target.tmax * rate))
5262 nsamples = itmax - itmin + 1
5263 else:
5264 itmin = None
5265 nsamples = None
5267 tcounters.append(xtime())
5268 base_source = self._cached_discretize_basesource(
5269 source, store_, dsource_cache, target)
5271 tcounters.append(xtime())
5273 if target.sample_rate is not None:
5274 deltat = 1. / target.sample_rate
5275 else:
5276 deltat = None
5278 base_seismogram = store_.seismogram(
5279 base_source, receiver, components,
5280 deltat=deltat,
5281 itmin=itmin, nsamples=nsamples,
5282 interpolation=target.interpolation,
5283 optimization=target.optimization,
5284 nthreads=nthreads)
5286 tcounters.append(xtime())
5288 base_seismogram = store.make_same_span(base_seismogram)
5290 tcounters.append(xtime())
5292 return base_seismogram, tcounters
5294 def base_statics(self, source, target, components, nthreads):
5295 tcounters = [xtime()]
5296 store_ = self.get_store(target.store_id)
5298 if target.tsnapshot is not None:
5299 rate = store_.config.sample_rate
5300 itsnapshot = int(num.floor(target.tsnapshot * rate))
5301 else:
5302 itsnapshot = None
5303 tcounters.append(xtime())
5305 base_source = source.discretize_basesource(store_, target=target)
5307 tcounters.append(xtime())
5309 base_statics = store_.statics(
5310 base_source,
5311 target,
5312 itsnapshot,
5313 components,
5314 target.interpolation,
5315 nthreads)
5317 tcounters.append(xtime())
5319 return base_statics, tcounters
5321 def _post_process_dynamic(self, base_seismogram, source, target):
5322 base_any = next(iter(base_seismogram.values()))
5323 deltat = base_any.deltat
5324 itmin = base_any.itmin
5326 rule = self.get_rule(source, target)
5327 data = rule.apply_(target, base_seismogram)
5329 factor = source.get_factor() * target.get_factor()
5330 if factor != 1.0:
5331 data = data * factor
5333 stf = source.effective_stf_post()
5335 times, amplitudes = stf.discretize_t(
5336 deltat, 0.0)
5338 # repeat end point to prevent boundary effects
5339 padded_data = num.empty(data.size + amplitudes.size, dtype=float)
5340 padded_data[:data.size] = data
5341 padded_data[data.size:] = data[-1]
5342 data = num.convolve(amplitudes, padded_data)
5344 tmin = itmin * deltat + times[0]
5346 tr = meta.SeismosizerTrace(
5347 codes=target.codes,
5348 data=data[:-amplitudes.size],
5349 deltat=deltat,
5350 tmin=tmin)
5352 return target.post_process(self, source, tr)
5354 def _post_process_statics(self, base_statics, source, starget):
5355 rule = self.get_rule(source, starget)
5356 data = rule.apply_(starget, base_statics)
5358 factor = source.get_factor()
5359 if factor != 1.0:
5360 for v in data.values():
5361 v *= factor
5363 return starget.post_process(self, source, base_statics)
5365 def process(self, *args, **kwargs):
5366 '''
5367 Process a request.
5369 ::
5371 process(**kwargs)
5372 process(request, **kwargs)
5373 process(sources, targets, **kwargs)
5375 The request can be given a a :py:class:`Request` object, or such an
5376 object is created using ``Request(**kwargs)`` for convenience.
5378 :returns: :py:class:`Response` object
5379 '''
5381 if len(args) not in (0, 1, 2):
5382 raise BadRequest('Invalid arguments.')
5384 if len(args) == 1:
5385 kwargs['request'] = args[0]
5387 elif len(args) == 2:
5388 kwargs.update(Request.args2kwargs(args))
5390 request = kwargs.pop('request', None)
5391 status_callback = kwargs.pop('status_callback', None)
5392 calc_timeseries = kwargs.pop('calc_timeseries', True)
5394 nprocs = kwargs.pop('nprocs', None)
5395 nthreads = kwargs.pop('nthreads', 1)
5396 if nprocs is not None:
5397 nthreads = nprocs
5399 if request is None:
5400 request = Request(**kwargs)
5402 if resource:
5403 rs0 = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF)
5404 rc0 = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_CHILDREN)
5405 tt0 = xtime()
5407 # make sure stores are open before fork()
5408 store_ids = set(target.store_id for target in request.targets)
5409 for store_id in store_ids:
5410 self.get_store(store_id)
5412 source_index = dict((x, i) for (i, x) in
5413 enumerate(request.sources))
5414 target_index = dict((x, i) for (i, x) in
5415 enumerate(request.targets))
5417 m = request.subrequest_map()
5419 skeys = sorted(m.keys(), key=cmp_to_key(cmp_none_aware))
5420 results_list = []
5422 for i in range(len(request.sources)):
5423 results_list.append([None] * len(request.targets))
5425 tcounters_dyn_list = []
5426 tcounters_static_list = []
5427 nsub = len(skeys)
5428 isub = 0
5430 # Processing dynamic targets through
5431 # parimap(process_subrequest_dynamic)
5433 if calc_timeseries:
5434 _process_dynamic = process_dynamic_timeseries
5435 else:
5436 _process_dynamic = process_dynamic
5438 if request.has_dynamic:
5439 work_dynamic = [
5440 (i, nsub,
5441 [source_index[source] for source in m[k][0]],
5442 [target_index[target] for target in m[k][1]
5443 if not isinstance(target, StaticTarget)])
5444 for (i, k) in enumerate(skeys)]
5446 for ii_results, tcounters_dyn in _process_dynamic(
5447 work_dynamic, request.sources, request.targets, self,
5448 nthreads):
5450 tcounters_dyn_list.append(num.diff(tcounters_dyn))
5451 isource, itarget, result = ii_results
5452 results_list[isource][itarget] = result
5454 if status_callback:
5455 status_callback(isub, nsub)
5457 isub += 1
5459 # Processing static targets through process_static
5460 if request.has_statics:
5461 work_static = [
5462 (i, nsub,
5463 [source_index[source] for source in m[k][0]],
5464 [target_index[target] for target in m[k][1]
5465 if isinstance(target, StaticTarget)])
5466 for (i, k) in enumerate(skeys)]
5468 for ii_results, tcounters_static in process_static(
5469 work_static, request.sources, request.targets, self,
5470 nthreads=nthreads):
5472 tcounters_static_list.append(num.diff(tcounters_static))
5473 isource, itarget, result = ii_results
5474 results_list[isource][itarget] = result
5476 if status_callback:
5477 status_callback(isub, nsub)
5479 isub += 1
5481 if status_callback:
5482 status_callback(nsub, nsub)
5484 tt1 = time.time()
5485 if resource:
5486 rs1 = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF)
5487 rc1 = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_CHILDREN)
5489 s = ProcessingStats()
5491 if request.has_dynamic:
5492 tcumu_dyn = num.sum(num.vstack(tcounters_dyn_list), axis=0)
5493 t_dyn = float(num.sum(tcumu_dyn))
5494 perc_dyn = map(float, tcumu_dyn / t_dyn * 100.)
5495 (s.t_perc_get_store_and_receiver,
5496 s.t_perc_discretize_source,
5497 s.t_perc_make_base_seismogram,
5498 s.t_perc_make_same_span,
5499 s.t_perc_post_process) = perc_dyn
5500 else:
5501 t_dyn = 0.
5503 if request.has_statics:
5504 tcumu_static = num.sum(num.vstack(tcounters_static_list), axis=0)
5505 t_static = num.sum(tcumu_static)
5506 perc_static = map(float, tcumu_static / t_static * 100.)
5507 (s.t_perc_static_get_store,
5508 s.t_perc_static_discretize_basesource,
5509 s.t_perc_static_sum_statics,
5510 s.t_perc_static_post_process) = perc_static
5512 s.t_wallclock = tt1 - tt0
5513 if resource:
5514 s.t_cpu = (
5515 (rs1.ru_utime + rs1.ru_stime + rc1.ru_utime + rc1.ru_stime) -
5516 (rs0.ru_utime + rs0.ru_stime + rc0.ru_utime + rc0.ru_stime))
5517 s.n_read_blocks = (
5518 (rs1.ru_inblock + rc1.ru_inblock) -
5519 (rs0.ru_inblock + rc0.ru_inblock))
5521 n_records_stacked = 0.
5522 for results in results_list:
5523 for result in results:
5524 if not isinstance(result, meta.Result):
5525 continue
5526 shr = float(result.n_shared_stacking)
5527 n_records_stacked += result.n_records_stacked / shr
5528 s.t_perc_optimize += result.t_optimize / shr
5529 s.t_perc_stack += result.t_stack / shr
5530 s.n_records_stacked = int(n_records_stacked)
5531 if t_dyn != 0.:
5532 s.t_perc_optimize /= t_dyn * 100
5533 s.t_perc_stack /= t_dyn * 100
5535 return Response(
5536 request=request,
5537 results_list=results_list,
5538 stats=s)
5541class RemoteEngine(Engine):
5542 '''
5543 Client for remote synthetic seismogram calculator.
5544 '''
5546 site = String.T(default=ws.g_default_site, optional=True)
5547 url = String.T(default=ws.g_url, optional=True)
5549 def process(self, request=None, status_callback=None, **kwargs):
5551 if request is None:
5552 request = Request(**kwargs)
5554 return ws.seismosizer(url=self.url, site=self.site, request=request)
5557g_engine = None
5560def get_engine(store_superdirs=[]):
5561 global g_engine
5562 if g_engine is None:
5563 g_engine = LocalEngine(use_env=True, use_config=True)
5565 for d in store_superdirs:
5566 if d not in g_engine.store_superdirs:
5567 g_engine.store_superdirs.append(d)
5569 return g_engine
5572class SourceGroup(Object):
5574 def __getattr__(self, k):
5575 return num.fromiter((getattr(s, k) for s in self),
5576 dtype=float)
5578 def __iter__(self):
5579 raise NotImplementedError(
5580 'This method should be implemented in subclass.')
5582 def __len__(self):
5583 raise NotImplementedError(
5584 'This method should be implemented in subclass.')
5587class SourceList(SourceGroup):
5588 sources = List.T(Source.T())
5590 def append(self, s):
5591 self.sources.append(s)
5593 def __iter__(self):
5594 return iter(self.sources)
5596 def __len__(self):
5597 return len(self.sources)
5600class SourceGrid(SourceGroup):
5602 base = Source.T()
5603 variables = Dict.T(String.T(), Range.T())
5604 order = List.T(String.T())
5606 def __len__(self):
5607 n = 1
5608 for (k, v) in self.make_coords(self.base):
5609 n *= len(list(v))
5611 return n
5613 def __iter__(self):
5614 for items in permudef(self.make_coords(self.base)):
5615 s = self.base.clone(**{k: v for (k, v) in items})
5616 s.regularize()
5617 yield s
5619 def ordered_params(self):
5620 ks = list(self.variables.keys())
5621 for k in self.order + list(self.base.keys()):
5622 if k in ks:
5623 yield k
5624 ks.remove(k)
5625 if ks:
5626 raise Exception('Invalid parameter "%s" for source type "%s".' %
5627 (ks[0], self.base.__class__.__name__))
5629 def make_coords(self, base):
5630 return [(param, self.variables[param].make(base=base[param]))
5631 for param in self.ordered_params()]
5634source_classes = [
5635 Source,
5636 SourceWithMagnitude,
5637 SourceWithDerivedMagnitude,
5638 ExplosionSource,
5639 RectangularExplosionSource,
5640 DCSource,
5641 CLVDSource,
5642 VLVDSource,
5643 MTSource,
5644 RectangularSource,
5645 PseudoDynamicRupture,
5646 DoubleDCSource,
5647 RingfaultSource,
5648 CombiSource,
5649 SFSource,
5650 PorePressurePointSource,
5651 PorePressureLineSource,
5652]
5654stf_classes = [
5655 STF,
5656 BoxcarSTF,
5657 TriangularSTF,
5658 HalfSinusoidSTF,
5659 ResonatorSTF,
5660]
5662__all__ = '''
5663SeismosizerError
5664BadRequest
5665NoSuchStore
5666DerivedMagnitudeError
5667STFMode
5668'''.split() + [S.__name__ for S in source_classes + stf_classes] + '''
5669Request
5670ProcessingStats
5671Response
5672Engine
5673LocalEngine
5674RemoteEngine
5675source_classes
5676get_engine
5677Range
5678SourceGroup
5679SourceList
5680SourceGrid
5681map_anchor
5682'''.split()