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""" The figure module provides the top-level :class:`~matplotlib.artist.Artist`, the :class:`Figure`, which contains all the plot elements. The following classes are defined
:class:`SubplotParams` control the default spacing of the subplots
:class:`Figure` Top level container for all plot elements.
"""
process_projection_requirements) TransformedBbox)
""" Specialization of the `.Stack` to handle all tracking of `~matplotlib.axes.Axes` in a `.Figure`. This stack stores ``key, (ind, axes)`` pairs, where:
* **key** should be a hash of the args and kwargs used in generating the Axes. * **ind** is a serial number for tracking the order in which axes were added.
The AxesStack is a callable, where ``ax_stack()`` returns the current axes. Alternatively the :meth:`current_key_axes` will return the current key and associated axes.
"""
""" Return a list of the Axes instances that have been added to the figure. """
""" Return the Axes instance that was added with *key*. If it is not present, return *None*. """ cbook.warn_deprecated( "2.1", "Adding an axes using the same arguments as a previous axes " "currently reuses the earlier instance. In a future version, " "a new instance will always be created and returned. Meanwhile, " "this warning can be suppressed, and the future behavior ensured, " "by passing a unique label to each axes instance.") return item[1]
"""Remove the axes from the stack.""" Stack.remove(self, self._entry_from_axes(a))
""" Move the given axes, which must already exist in the stack, to the top. """
""" Add Axes *a*, with key *key*, to the stack, and return the stack.
If *key* is unhashable, replace it by a unique, arbitrary object.
If *a* is already on the stack, don't add it again, but return *None*. """ # All the error checking may be unnecessary; but this method # is called so seldom that the overhead is negligible. raise ValueError("second argument, {!r}, is not an Axes".format(a)) except TypeError: key = object()
Stack.remove(self, (key, a_existing)) warnings.warn( "key {!r} already existed; Axes is being replaced".format(key)) # I don't think the above should ever happen.
return None
""" Return a tuple of ``(key, axes)`` for the active axes.
If no axes exists on the stack, then returns ``(None, None)``. """ return self._default, self._default else:
""" A class to hold the parameters for a subplot. """ wspace=None, hspace=None): """ All dimensions are fractions of the figure width or height. Defaults are given by :rc:`figure.subplot.[name]`.
Parameters ---------- left : float The left side of the subplots of the figure.
right : float The right side of the subplots of the figure.
bottom : float The bottom of the subplots of the figure.
top : float The top of the subplots of the figure.
wspace : float The amount of width reserved for space between subplots, expressed as a fraction of the average axis width.
hspace : float The amount of height reserved for space between subplots, expressed as a fraction of the average axis height. """
wspace=None, hspace=None): """ Update the dimensions of the passed parameters. *None* means unchanged. """
self.left = thisleft self.right = thisright self.top = thistop self.bottom = thisbottom self.wspace = thiswspace self.hspace = thishspace
reset() raise ValueError('left cannot be >= right')
reset() raise ValueError('bottom cannot be >= top')
""" The top level container for all the plot elements.
The Figure instance supports callbacks through a *callbacks* attribute which is a `.CallbackRegistry` instance. The events you can connect to are 'dpi_changed', and the callback will be called with ``func(fig)`` where fig is the `Figure` instance.
Attributes ---------- patch The `.Rectangle` instance representing the figure patch.
suppressComposite For multiple figure images, the figure will make composite images depending on the renderer option_image_nocomposite function. If *suppressComposite* is a boolean, this will override the renderer. """
def __str__(self): return "Figure(%gx%g)" % tuple(self.bbox.size)
def __repr__(self): return "<{clsname} size {h:g}x{w:g} with {naxes} Axes>".format( clsname=self.__class__.__name__, h=self.bbox.size[0], w=self.bbox.size[1], naxes=len(self.axes), )
figsize=None, dpi=None, facecolor=None, edgecolor=None, linewidth=0.0, frameon=None, subplotpars=None, # default to rc tight_layout=None, # default to rc figure.autolayout constrained_layout=None, # default to rc #figure.constrained_layout.use ): """ Parameters ---------- figsize : 2-tuple of floats, default: :rc:`figure.figsize` Figure dimension ``(width, height)`` in inches.
dpi : float, default: :rc:`figure.dpi` Dots per inch.
facecolor : default: :rc:`figure.facecolor` The figure patch facecolor.
edgecolor : default: :rc:`figure.edgecolor` The figure patch edge color.
linewidth : float The linewidth of the frame (i.e. the edge linewidth of the figure patch).
frameon : bool, default: :rc:`figure.frameon` If ``False``, suppress drawing the figure frame.
subplotpars : :class:`SubplotParams` Subplot parameters. If not given, the default subplot parameters :rc:`figure.subplot.*` are used.
tight_layout : bool or dict, default: :rc:`figure.autolayout` If ``False`` use *subplotpars*. If ``True`` adjust subplot parameters using `.tight_layout` with default padding. When providing a dict containing the keys ``pad``, ``w_pad``, ``h_pad``, and ``rect``, the default `.tight_layout` paddings will be overridden.
constrained_layout : bool If ``True`` use constrained layout to adjust positioning of plot elements. Like ``tight_layout``, but designed to be more flexible. See :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/constrainedlayout_guide` for examples. (Note: does not work with :meth:`.subplot` or :meth:`.subplot2grid`.) Defaults to :rc:`figure.constrained_layout.use`. """ # remove the non-figure artist _axes property # as it makes no sense for a figure to be _in_ an axes # this is used by the property methods in the artist base class # which are over-ridden in this class
figsize = rcParams['figure.figsize'] dpi = rcParams['figure.dpi'] facecolor = rcParams['figure.facecolor'] edgecolor = rcParams['figure.edgecolor'] frameon = rcParams['figure.frameon']
raise ValueError('figure size must be finite not ' '{}'.format(figsize))
# do not use property as it will trigger
xy=(0, 0), width=1, height=1, facecolor=facecolor, edgecolor=edgecolor, linewidth=linewidth)
# constrained_layout: # set in set_constrained_layout_pads()
# groupers to keep track of x and y labels we want to align. # see self.align_xlabels and self.align_ylabels and # axis._get_tick_boxes_siblings
# list of child gridspecs for this figure
# TODO: I'd like to dynamically add the _repr_html_ method # to the figure in the right context, but then IPython doesn't # use it, for some reason.
# We can't use "isinstance" here, because then we'd end up importing # webagg unconditiionally. if (self.canvas is not None and 'WebAgg' in self.canvas.__class__.__name__): from matplotlib.backends import backend_webagg return backend_webagg.ipython_inline_display(self)
""" If using a GUI backend with pyplot, display the figure window.
If the figure was not created using :func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.figure`, it will lack a :class:`~matplotlib.backend_bases.FigureManagerBase`, and will raise an AttributeError.
Parameters ---------- warn : bool If ``True`` and we are not running headless (i.e. on Linux with an unset DISPLAY), issue warning when called on a non-GUI backend. """ try: manager = getattr(self.canvas, 'manager') except AttributeError as err: raise AttributeError("%s\n" "Figure.show works only " "for figures managed by pyplot, normally " "created by pyplot.figure()." % err)
if manager is not None: try: manager.show() return except NonGuiException: pass if (backends._get_running_interactive_framework() != "headless" and warn): warnings.warn('Matplotlib is currently using %s, which is a ' 'non-GUI backend, so cannot show the figure.' % get_backend())
doc="List of axes in the Figure. You can access the " "axes in the Figure through this list. " "Do not modify the list itself. Instead, use " "`~Figure.add_axes`, `~.Figure.subplot` or " "`~.Figure.delaxes` to add or remove an axes.")
""" Parameters ---------- dpi : float
forward : bool Passed on to `~.Figure.set_size_inches` """
"""Return whether `.tight_layout` is called when drawing."""
""" Set whether and how `.tight_layout` is called when drawing.
Parameters ---------- tight : bool or dict with keys "pad", "w_pad", "h_pad", "rect" or None If a bool, sets whether to call `.tight_layout` upon drawing. If ``None``, use the ``figure.autolayout`` rcparam instead. If a dict, pass it as kwargs to `.tight_layout`, overriding the default paddings. """
""" Return a boolean: True means constrained layout is being used.
See :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/constrainedlayout_guide`. """
""" Set whether ``constrained_layout`` is used upon drawing. If None, the rcParams['figure.constrained_layout.use'] value will be used.
When providing a dict containing the keys `w_pad`, `h_pad` the default ``constrained_layout`` paddings will be overridden. These pads are in inches and default to 3.0/72.0. ``w_pad`` is the width padding and ``h_pad`` is the height padding.
See :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/constrainedlayout_guide`.
Parameters ---------- constrained : bool or dict or None """ self.set_constrained_layout_pads(**constrained) else:
""" Set padding for ``constrained_layout``. Note the kwargs can be passed as a dictionary ``fig.set_constrained_layout(**paddict)``.
See :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/constrainedlayout_guide`.
Parameters ----------
w_pad : scalar Width padding in inches. This is the pad around axes and is meant to make sure there is enough room for fonts to look good. Defaults to 3 pts = 0.04167 inches
h_pad : scalar Height padding in inches. Defaults to 3 pts.
wspace: scalar Width padding between subplots, expressed as a fraction of the subplot width. The total padding ends up being w_pad + wspace.
hspace: scalar Height padding between subplots, expressed as a fraction of the subplot width. The total padding ends up being h_pad + hspace.
"""
self._constrained_layout_pads[td] = kwargs[td] else: rcParams['figure.constrained_layout.' + td])
""" Get padding for ``constrained_layout``.
Returns a list of `w_pad, h_pad` in inches and `wspace` and `hspace` as fractions of the subplot.
See :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/constrainedlayout_guide`.
Parameters ----------
relative : boolean If `True`, then convert from inches to figure relative. """ w_pad = self._constrained_layout_pads['w_pad'] h_pad = self._constrained_layout_pads['h_pad'] wspace = self._constrained_layout_pads['wspace'] hspace = self._constrained_layout_pads['hspace']
if relative and ((w_pad is not None) or (h_pad is not None)): renderer0 = layoutbox.get_renderer(self) dpi = renderer0.dpi w_pad = w_pad * dpi / renderer0.width h_pad = h_pad * dpi / renderer0.height
return w_pad, h_pad, wspace, hspace
""" Date ticklabels often overlap, so it is useful to rotate them and right align them. Also, a common use case is a number of subplots with shared xaxes where the x-axis is date data. The ticklabels are often long, and it helps to rotate them on the bottom subplot and turn them off on other subplots, as well as turn off xlabels.
Parameters ---------- bottom : scalar The bottom of the subplots for :meth:`subplots_adjust`.
rotation : angle in degrees The rotation of the xtick labels.
ha : string The horizontal alignment of the xticklabels.
which : {None, 'major', 'minor', 'both'} Selects which ticklabels to rotate. Default is None which works the same as major. """ allsubplots = all(hasattr(ax, 'is_last_row') for ax in self.axes) if len(self.axes) == 1: for label in self.axes[0].get_xticklabels(which=which): label.set_ha(ha) label.set_rotation(rotation) else: if allsubplots: for ax in self.get_axes(): if ax.is_last_row(): for label in ax.get_xticklabels(which=which): label.set_ha(ha) label.set_rotation(rotation) else: for label in ax.get_xticklabels(which=which): label.set_visible(False) ax.set_xlabel('')
if allsubplots: self.subplots_adjust(bottom=bottom) self.stale = True
"""Get a list of artists contained in the figure.""" children = [self.patch] children.extend(self.artists) children.extend(self.axes) children.extend(self.lines) children.extend(self.patches) children.extend(self.texts) children.extend(self.images) children.extend(self.legends) return children
""" Test whether the mouse event occurred on the figure.
Returns ------- bool, {} """ if callable(self._contains): return self._contains(self, mouseevent) inside = self.bbox.contains(mouseevent.x, mouseevent.y) return inside, {}
""" Return the figure bounding box in display space. Arguments are ignored. """ return self.bbox
""" Add a centered title to the figure.
Parameters ---------- t : str The title text.
x : float, default 0.5 The x location of the text in figure coordinates.
y : float, default 0.98 The y location of the text in figure coordinates.
horizontalalignment, ha : {'center', 'left', right'}, default: 'center' The horizontal alignment of the text relative to (*x*, *y*).
verticalalignment, va : {'top', 'center', 'bottom', 'baseline'}, \ default: 'top' The vertical alignment of the text relative to (*x*, *y*).
fontsize, size : default: :rc:`figure.titlesize` The font size of the text. See `.Text.set_size` for possible values.
fontweight, weight : default: :rc:`figure.titleweight` The font weight of the text. See `.Text.set_weight` for possible values.
Returns ------- text The `.Text` instance of the title.
Other Parameters ---------------- fontproperties : None or dict, optional A dict of font properties. If *fontproperties* is given the default values for font size and weight are taken from the `FontProperties` defaults. :rc:`figure.titlesize` and :rc:`figure.titleweight` are ignored in this case.
**kwargs Additional kwargs are :class:`matplotlib.text.Text` properties.
Examples --------
>>> fig.suptitle('This is the figure title', fontsize=12) """ manual_position = ('x' in kwargs or 'y' in kwargs)
x = kwargs.pop('x', 0.5) y = kwargs.pop('y', 0.98)
if 'horizontalalignment' not in kwargs and 'ha' not in kwargs: kwargs['horizontalalignment'] = 'center' if 'verticalalignment' not in kwargs and 'va' not in kwargs: kwargs['verticalalignment'] = 'top'
if 'fontproperties' not in kwargs: if 'fontsize' not in kwargs and 'size' not in kwargs: kwargs['size'] = rcParams['figure.titlesize'] if 'fontweight' not in kwargs and 'weight' not in kwargs: kwargs['weight'] = rcParams['figure.titleweight']
sup = self.text(x, y, t, **kwargs) if self._suptitle is not None: self._suptitle.set_text(t) self._suptitle.set_position((x, y)) self._suptitle.update_from(sup) sup.remove() else: self._suptitle = sup self._suptitle._layoutbox = None if self._layoutbox is not None and not manual_position: w_pad, h_pad, wspace, hspace = \ self.get_constrained_layout_pads(relative=True) figlb = self._layoutbox self._suptitle._layoutbox = layoutbox.LayoutBox( parent=figlb, artist=self._suptitle, name=figlb.name+'.suptitle') # stack the suptitle on top of all the children. # Some day this should be on top of all the children in the # gridspec only. for child in figlb.children: if child is not self._suptitle._layoutbox: layoutbox.vstack([self._suptitle._layoutbox, child], padding=h_pad*2., strength='required') self.stale = True return self._suptitle
""" Set the canvas that contains the figure
Parameters ---------- canvas : FigureCanvas """
vmin=None, vmax=None, origin=None, resize=False, **kwargs): """ Add a non-resampled image to the figure.
The image is attached to the lower or upper left corner depending on *origin*.
Parameters ---------- X The image data. This is an array of one of the following shapes:
- MxN: luminance (grayscale) values - MxNx3: RGB values - MxNx4: RGBA values
xo, yo : int The *x*/*y* image offset in pixels.
alpha : None or float The alpha blending value.
norm : :class:`matplotlib.colors.Normalize` A :class:`.Normalize` instance to map the luminance to the interval [0, 1].
cmap : str or :class:`matplotlib.colors.Colormap` The colormap to use. Default: :rc:`image.cmap`.
vmin, vmax : scalar If *norm* is not given, these values set the data limits for the colormap.
origin : {'upper', 'lower'} Indicates where the [0, 0] index of the array is in the upper left or lower left corner of the axes. Defaults to :rc:`image.origin`.
resize : bool If *True*, resize the figure to match the given image size.
Returns ------- :class:`matplotlib.image.FigureImage`
Other Parameters ---------------- **kwargs Additional kwargs are `.Artist` kwargs passed on to `.FigureImage`.
Notes ----- figimage complements the axes image (:meth:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes.imshow`) which will be resampled to fit the current axes. If you want a resampled image to fill the entire figure, you can define an :class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes` with extent [0,0,1,1].
Examples::
f = plt.figure() nx = int(f.get_figwidth() * f.dpi) ny = int(f.get_figheight() * f.dpi) data = np.random.random((ny, nx)) f.figimage(data) plt.show()
""" if resize: dpi = self.get_dpi() figsize = [x / dpi for x in (X.shape[1], X.shape[0])] self.set_size_inches(figsize, forward=True)
im = FigureImage(self, cmap, norm, xo, yo, origin, **kwargs) im.stale_callback = _stale_figure_callback
im.set_array(X) im.set_alpha(alpha) if norm is None: im.set_clim(vmin, vmax) self.images.append(im) im._remove_method = self.images.remove self.stale = True return im
"""Set the figure size in inches.
Call signatures::
fig.set_size_inches(w, h) # OR fig.set_size_inches((w, h))
optional kwarg *forward=True* will cause the canvas size to be automatically updated; e.g., you can resize the figure window from the shell
ACCEPTS: a (w, h) tuple with w, h in inches
See Also -------- matplotlib.Figure.get_size_inches """
# the width and height have been passed in as a tuple to the first # argument, so unpack them w, h = w raise ValueError('figure size must be finite not ' '({}, {})'.format(w, h))
""" Returns the current size of the figure in inches.
Returns ------- size : ndarray The size (width, height) of the figure in inches.
See Also -------- matplotlib.Figure.set_size_inches """
"""Get the edge color of the Figure rectangle."""
"""Get the face color of the Figure rectangle."""
"""Return the figure width as a float.""" return self.bbox_inches.width
"""Return the figure height as a float.""" return self.bbox_inches.height
"""Return the resolution in dots per inch as a float."""
"""Return whether the figure frame will be drawn."""
""" Set the edge color of the Figure rectangle.
Parameters ---------- color : color """
""" Set the face color of the Figure rectangle.
Parameters ---------- color : color """
""" Set the resolution of the figure in dots-per-inch.
Parameters ---------- val : float """ self.dpi = val self.stale = True
""" Set the width of the figure in inches.
.. ACCEPTS: float """ self.set_size_inches(val, self.get_figheight(), forward=forward)
""" Set the height of the figure in inches.
.. ACCEPTS: float """ self.set_size_inches(self.get_figwidth(), val, forward=forward)
""" Set whether the figure frame (background) is displayed or invisible.
Parameters ---------- b : bool """
""" Remove the `~matplotlib.axes.Axes` *ax* from the figure and update the current axes. """ self._axstack.remove(ax) for func in self._axobservers: func(self) self.stale = True
"""Make a hashable key out of args and kwargs."""
# items may have arrays and lists in them, so convert them # to tuples for the key # some objects can define __getitem__ without being # iterable and in those cases the conversion to tuples # will fail. So instead of using the iterable(v) function # we simply try and convert to a tuple, and proceed if not.
a = tuple(a)
""" Add any :class:`~matplotlib.artist.Artist` to the figure.
Usually artists are added to axes objects using :meth:`matplotlib.axes.Axes.add_artist`, but use this method in the rare cases that adding directly to the figure is necessary.
Parameters ---------- artist : `~matplotlib.artist.Artist` The artist to add to the figure. If the added artist has no transform previously set, its transform will be set to ``figure.transFigure``. clip : bool, optional, default ``False`` An optional parameter ``clip`` determines whether the added artist should be clipped by the figure patch. Default is *False*, i.e. no clipping.
Returns ------- artist : The added `~matplotlib.artist.Artist` """ artist.set_figure(self) self.artists.append(artist) artist._remove_method = self.artists.remove
if not artist.is_transform_set(): artist.set_transform(self.transFigure)
if clip: artist.set_clip_path(self.patch)
self.stale = True return artist
def add_axes(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Add an axes to the figure.
Call signatures::
add_axes(rect, projection=None, polar=False, **kwargs) add_axes(ax)
Parameters ----------
rect : sequence of float The dimensions [left, bottom, width, height] of the new axes. All quantities are in fractions of figure width and height.
projection : {None, 'aitoff', 'hammer', 'lambert', 'mollweide', \ 'polar', 'rectilinear', str}, optional The projection type of the `~.axes.Axes`. *str* is the name of a custom projection, see `~matplotlib.projections`. The default None results in a 'rectilinear' projection.
polar : boolean, optional If True, equivalent to projection='polar'.
sharex, sharey : `~.axes.Axes`, optional Share the x or y `~matplotlib.axis` with sharex and/or sharey. The axis will have the same limits, ticks, and scale as the axis of the shared axes.
label : str A label for the returned axes.
Other Parameters ---------------- **kwargs This method also takes the keyword arguments for the returned axes class. The keyword arguments for the rectilinear axes class `~.axes.Axes` can be found in the following table but there might also be other keyword arguments if another projection is used, see the actual axes class. %(Axes)s
Returns ------- axes : `~.axes.Axes` (or a subclass of `~.axes.Axes`) The returned axes class depends on the projection used. It is `~.axes.Axes` if rectilinear projection are used and `.projections.polar.PolarAxes` if polar projection are used.
Notes ----- If the figure already has an axes with key (*args*, *kwargs*) then it will simply make that axes current and return it. This behavior is deprecated. Meanwhile, if you do not want this behavior (i.e., you want to force the creation of a new axes), you must use a unique set of args and kwargs. The axes *label* attribute has been exposed for this purpose: if you want two axes that are otherwise identical to be added to the figure, make sure you give them unique labels.
In rare circumstances, `.add_axes` may be called with a single argument, a axes instance already created in the present figure but not in the figure's list of axes.
See Also -------- .Figure.add_subplot .pyplot.subplot .pyplot.axes .Figure.subplots .pyplot.subplots
Examples -------- Some simple examples::
rect = l, b, w, h fig = plt.figure(1) fig.add_axes(rect,label=label1) fig.add_axes(rect,label=label2) fig.add_axes(rect, frameon=False, facecolor='g') fig.add_axes(rect, polar=True) ax=fig.add_axes(rect, projection='polar') fig.delaxes(ax) fig.add_axes(ax) """
return
# shortcut the projection "key" modifications later on, if an axes # with the exact args/kwargs exists, return it immediately. self.sca(ax) return ax
raise ValueError( "The Axes must have been created in the present figure") else: rect = args[0] if not np.isfinite(rect).all(): raise ValueError('all entries in rect must be finite ' 'not {}'.format(rect)) projection_class, kwargs, key = process_projection_requirements( self, *args, **kwargs)
# check that an axes of this type doesn't already exist, if it # does, set it as active and return it ax = self._axstack.get(key) if isinstance(ax, projection_class): self.sca(ax) return ax
# create the new axes using the axes class given a = projection_class(self, rect, **kwargs)
def add_subplot(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Add an `~.axes.Axes` to the figure as part of a subplot arrangement.
Call signatures::
add_subplot(nrows, ncols, index, **kwargs) add_subplot(pos, **kwargs) add_subplot(ax)
Parameters ---------- *args Either a 3-digit integer or three separate integers describing the position of the subplot. If the three integers are *nrows*, *ncols*, and *index* in order, the subplot will take the *index* position on a grid with *nrows* rows and *ncols* columns. *index* starts at 1 in the upper left corner and increases to the right.
*pos* is a three digit integer, where the first digit is the number of rows, the second the number of columns, and the third the index of the subplot. i.e. fig.add_subplot(235) is the same as fig.add_subplot(2, 3, 5). Note that all integers must be less than 10 for this form to work.
projection : {None, 'aitoff', 'hammer', 'lambert', 'mollweide', \ 'polar', 'rectilinear', str}, optional The projection type of the subplot (`~.axes.Axes`). *str* is the name of a custom projection, see `~matplotlib.projections`. The default None results in a 'rectilinear' projection.
polar : boolean, optional If True, equivalent to projection='polar'.
sharex, sharey : `~.axes.Axes`, optional Share the x or y `~matplotlib.axis` with sharex and/or sharey. The axis will have the same limits, ticks, and scale as the axis of the shared axes.
label : str A label for the returned axes.
Other Parameters ---------------- **kwargs This method also takes the keyword arguments for the returned axes base class. The keyword arguments for the rectilinear base class `~.axes.Axes` can be found in the following table but there might also be other keyword arguments if another projection is used. %(Axes)s
Returns ------- axes : an `.axes.SubplotBase` subclass of `~.axes.Axes` (or a \ subclass of `~.axes.Axes`)
The axes of the subplot. The returned axes base class depends on the projection used. It is `~.axes.Axes` if rectilinear projection are used and `.projections.polar.PolarAxes` if polar projection are used. The returned axes is then a subplot subclass of the base class.
Notes ----- If the figure already has a subplot with key (*args*, *kwargs*) then it will simply make that subplot current and return it. This behavior is deprecated. Meanwhile, if you do not want this behavior (i.e., you want to force the creation of a new suplot), you must use a unique set of args and kwargs. The axes *label* attribute has been exposed for this purpose: if you want two subplots that are otherwise identical to be added to the figure, make sure you give them unique labels.
In rare circumstances, `.add_subplot` may be called with a single argument, a subplot axes instance already created in the present figure but not in the figure's list of axes.
See Also -------- .Figure.add_axes .pyplot.subplot .pyplot.axes .Figure.subplots .pyplot.subplots
Examples -------- ::
fig=plt.figure(1) fig.add_subplot(221)
# equivalent but more general ax1=fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 1)
# add a subplot with no frame ax2=fig.add_subplot(222, frameon=False)
# add a polar subplot fig.add_subplot(223, projection='polar')
# add a red subplot that share the x-axis with ax1 fig.add_subplot(224, sharex=ax1, facecolor='red')
#delete x2 from the figure fig.delaxes(ax2)
#add x2 to the figure again fig.add_subplot(ax2) """ return
raise ValueError("Integer subplot specification must be a " "three-digit number, not {}".format(args[0]))
raise ValueError( "The Subplot must have been created in the present figure") # make a key for the subplot (which includes the axes object id # in the hash) else: self, *args, **kwargs)
# try to find the axes with this key in the stack
if isinstance(ax, projection_class): # the axes already existed, so set it as active & return self.sca(ax) return ax else: # Undocumented convenience behavior: # subplot(111); subplot(111, projection='polar') # will replace the first with the second. # Without this, add_subplot would be simpler and # more similar to add_axes. self._axstack.remove(ax)
squeeze=True, subplot_kw=None, gridspec_kw=None): """ Add a set of subplots to this figure.
This utility wrapper makes it convenient to create common layouts of subplots in a single call.
Parameters ---------- nrows, ncols : int, optional, default: 1 Number of rows/columns of the subplot grid.
sharex, sharey : bool or {'none', 'all', 'row', 'col'}, default: False Controls sharing of properties among x (`sharex`) or y (`sharey`) axes:
- True or 'all': x- or y-axis will be shared among all subplots. - False or 'none': each subplot x- or y-axis will be independent. - 'row': each subplot row will share an x- or y-axis. - 'col': each subplot column will share an x- or y-axis.
When subplots have a shared x-axis along a column, only the x tick labels of the bottom subplot are created. Similarly, when subplots have a shared y-axis along a row, only the y tick labels of the first column subplot are created. To later turn other subplots' ticklabels on, use `~matplotlib.axes.Axes.tick_params`.
squeeze : bool, optional, default: True - If True, extra dimensions are squeezed out from the returned array of Axes:
- if only one subplot is constructed (nrows=ncols=1), the resulting single Axes object is returned as a scalar. - for Nx1 or 1xM subplots, the returned object is a 1D numpy object array of Axes objects. - for NxM, subplots with N>1 and M>1 are returned as a 2D array.
- If False, no squeezing at all is done: the returned Axes object is always a 2D array containing Axes instances, even if it ends up being 1x1.
subplot_kw : dict, optional Dict with keywords passed to the :meth:`~matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_subplot` call used to create each subplot.
gridspec_kw : dict, optional Dict with keywords passed to the `~matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec` constructor used to create the grid the subplots are placed on.
Returns ------- ax : `~.axes.Axes` object or array of Axes objects. *ax* can be either a single `~matplotlib.axes.Axes` object or an array of Axes objects if more than one subplot was created. The dimensions of the resulting array can be controlled with the squeeze keyword, see above.
Examples -------- ::
# First create some toy data: x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 400) y = np.sin(x**2)
# Create a figure plt.figure(1, clear=True)
# Creates a subplot ax = fig.subplots() ax.plot(x, y) ax.set_title('Simple plot')
# Creates two subplots and unpacks the output array immediately ax1, ax2 = fig.subplots(1, 2, sharey=True) ax1.plot(x, y) ax1.set_title('Sharing Y axis') ax2.scatter(x, y)
# Creates four polar axes, and accesses them through the # returned array axes = fig.subplots(2, 2, subplot_kw=dict(polar=True)) axes[0, 0].plot(x, y) axes[1, 1].scatter(x, y)
# Share a X axis with each column of subplots fig.subplots(2, 2, sharex='col')
# Share a Y axis with each row of subplots fig.subplots(2, 2, sharey='row')
# Share both X and Y axes with all subplots fig.subplots(2, 2, sharex='all', sharey='all')
# Note that this is the same as fig.subplots(2, 2, sharex=True, sharey=True)
See Also -------- .pyplot.subplots .Figure.add_subplot .pyplot.subplot """
if isinstance(sharex, bool): sharex = "all" if sharex else "none" if isinstance(sharey, bool): sharey = "all" if sharey else "none" share_values = ["all", "row", "col", "none"] if sharex not in share_values: # This check was added because it is very easy to type # `subplots(1, 2, 1)` when `subplot(1, 2, 1)` was intended. # In most cases, no error will ever occur, but mysterious behavior # will result because what was intended to be the subplot index is # instead treated as a bool for sharex. if isinstance(sharex, Integral): warnings.warn( "sharex argument to subplots() was an integer. " "Did you intend to use subplot() (without 's')?")
raise ValueError("sharex [%s] must be one of %s" % (sharex, share_values)) if sharey not in share_values: raise ValueError("sharey [%s] must be one of %s" % (sharey, share_values)) if subplot_kw is None: subplot_kw = {} if gridspec_kw is None: gridspec_kw = {} # don't mutate kwargs passed by user... subplot_kw = subplot_kw.copy() gridspec_kw = gridspec_kw.copy()
if self.get_constrained_layout(): gs = GridSpec(nrows, ncols, figure=self, **gridspec_kw) else: # this should turn constrained_layout off if we don't want it gs = GridSpec(nrows, ncols, figure=None, **gridspec_kw) self._gridspecs.append(gs)
# Create array to hold all axes. axarr = np.empty((nrows, ncols), dtype=object) for row in range(nrows): for col in range(ncols): shared_with = {"none": None, "all": axarr[0, 0], "row": axarr[row, 0], "col": axarr[0, col]} subplot_kw["sharex"] = shared_with[sharex] subplot_kw["sharey"] = shared_with[sharey] axarr[row, col] = self.add_subplot(gs[row, col], **subplot_kw)
# turn off redundant tick labeling if sharex in ["col", "all"]: # turn off all but the bottom row for ax in axarr[:-1, :].flat: ax.xaxis.set_tick_params(which='both', labelbottom=False, labeltop=False) ax.xaxis.offsetText.set_visible(False) if sharey in ["row", "all"]: # turn off all but the first column for ax in axarr[:, 1:].flat: ax.yaxis.set_tick_params(which='both', labelleft=False, labelright=False) ax.yaxis.offsetText.set_visible(False)
if squeeze: # Discarding unneeded dimensions that equal 1. If we only have one # subplot, just return it instead of a 1-element array. return axarr.item() if axarr.size == 1 else axarr.squeeze() else: # Returned axis array will be always 2-d, even if nrows=ncols=1. return axarr
def _reset_loc_form(axis): axis.set_major_formatter(axis.get_major_formatter()) axis.set_major_locator(axis.get_major_locator()) axis.set_minor_formatter(axis.get_minor_formatter()) axis.set_minor_locator(axis.get_minor_locator())
def _break_share_link(ax, grouper): siblings = grouper.get_siblings(ax) if len(siblings) > 1: grouper.remove(ax) for last_ax in siblings: if ax is not last_ax: return last_ax return None
self.delaxes(ax) last_ax = _break_share_link(ax, ax._shared_y_axes) if last_ax is not None: _reset_loc_form(last_ax.yaxis)
last_ax = _break_share_link(ax, ax._shared_x_axes) if last_ax is not None: _reset_loc_form(last_ax.xaxis)
""" Clear the figure.
Set *keep_observers* to True if, for example, a gui widget is tracking the axes in the figure. """
ax.cla() self.delaxes(ax) # removes ax from self._axstack
toolbar.update() layoutbox.nonetree(self._layoutbox)
""" Clear the figure -- synonym for :meth:`clf`. """ self.clf(keep_observers=keep_observers)
def draw(self, renderer): """ Render the figure using :class:`matplotlib.backend_bases.RendererBase` instance *renderer*. """
# draw the figure bounding box, perhaps none for white figure return
(artist for artist in (self.patches + self.lines + self.artists + self.images + self.axes + self.texts + self.legends) if not artist.get_animated()), key=lambda artist: artist.get_zorder())
self.execute_constrained_layout(renderer) try: self.tight_layout(renderer, **self._tight_parameters) except ValueError: pass # ValueError can occur when resizing a window.
renderer, self, artists, self.suppressComposite)
finally:
""" Draw :class:`matplotlib.artist.Artist` instance *a* only. This is available only after the figure is drawn. """ if self._cachedRenderer is None: raise AttributeError("draw_artist can only be used after an " "initial draw which caches the renderer") a.draw(self._cachedRenderer)
""" Return a list of axes in the Figure. You can access and modify the axes in the Figure through this list.
Do not modify the list itself. Instead, use `~Figure.add_axes`, `~.Figure.subplot` or `~.Figure.delaxes` to add or remove an axes.
Note: This is equivalent to the property `~.Figure.axes`. """ return self.axes
def legend(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Place a legend on the figure.
To make a legend from existing artists on every axes::
legend()
To make a legend for a list of lines and labels::
legend( (line1, line2, line3), ('label1', 'label2', 'label3'), loc='upper right')
These can also be specified by keyword::
legend(handles=(line1, line2, line3), labels=('label1', 'label2', 'label3'), loc='upper right')
Parameters ----------
handles : sequence of `.Artist`, optional A list of Artists (lines, patches) to be added to the legend. Use this together with *labels*, if you need full control on what is shown in the legend and the automatic mechanism described above is not sufficient.
The length of handles and labels should be the same in this case. If they are not, they are truncated to the smaller length.
labels : sequence of strings, optional A list of labels to show next to the artists. Use this together with *handles*, if you need full control on what is shown in the legend and the automatic mechanism described above is not sufficient.
Other Parameters ----------------
%(_legend_kw_doc)s
Returns ------- :class:`matplotlib.legend.Legend` instance
Notes ----- Not all kinds of artist are supported by the legend command. See :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/legend_guide` for details. """
self.axes, *args, **kwargs) # check for third arg # cbook.warn_deprecated( # "2.1", # "Figure.legend will accept no more than two " # "positional arguments in the future. Use " # "'fig.legend(handles, labels, loc=location)' " # "instead.") # kwargs['loc'] = extra_args[0] # extra_args = extra_args[1:] pass
""" Add text to figure.
Parameters ---------- x, y : float The position to place the text. By default, this is in figure coordinates, floats in [0, 1]. The coordinate system can be changed using the *transform* keyword.
s : str The text string.
fontdict : dictionary, optional, default: None A dictionary to override the default text properties. If fontdict is None, the defaults are determined by your rc parameters. A property in *kwargs* override the same property in fontdict.
withdash : boolean, optional, default: False Creates a `~matplotlib.text.TextWithDash` instance instead of a `~matplotlib.text.Text` instance.
Other Parameters ---------------- **kwargs : `~matplotlib.text.Text` properties Other miscellaneous text parameters. %(Text)s
Returns ------- text : `~.text.Text`
See Also -------- .Axes.text .pyplot.text """ default = dict(transform=self.transFigure)
if withdash: text = TextWithDash(x=x, y=y, text=s) else: text = Text(x=x, y=y, text=s)
text.update(default) if fontdict is not None: text.update(fontdict) text.update(kwargs)
text.set_figure(self) text.stale_callback = _stale_figure_callback
self.texts.append(text) text._remove_method = self.texts.remove self.stale = True return text
def gca(self, **kwargs): """ Get the current axes, creating one if necessary.
The following kwargs are supported for ensuring the returned axes adheres to the given projection etc., and for axes creation if the active axes does not exist:
%(Axes)s
""" # if there exists an axes on the stack see if it maches # the desired axes configuration
# if no kwargs are given just return the current axes # this is a convenience for gca() on axes such as polar etc.
# if the user has specified particular projection detail # then build up a key which can represent this else: projection_class, _, key = process_projection_requirements( self, **kwargs)
# let the returned axes have any gridspec by removing it from # the key ckey = ckey[1:] key = key[1:]
# if the cax matches this key then return the axes, otherwise # continue and a new axes will be created if key == ckey and isinstance(cax, projection_class): return cax else: warnings.warn('Requested projection is different from ' 'current axis projection, creating new axis ' 'with requested projection.', stacklevel=2)
# no axes found, so create one which spans the figure return self.add_subplot(1, 1, 1, **kwargs)
"""Set the current axes to be a and return a."""
""" Helper for :func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.gci`. Do not use elsewhere. """ # Look first for an image in the current Axes: cax = self._axstack.current_key_axes()[1] if cax is None: return None im = cax._gci() if im is not None: return im
# If there is no image in the current Axes, search for # one in a previously created Axes. Whether this makes # sense is debatable, but it is the documented behavior. for ax in reversed(self.axes): im = ax._gci() if im is not None: return im return None
state = super().__getstate__()
# the axobservers cannot currently be pickled. # Additionally, the canvas cannot currently be pickled, but this has # the benefit of meaning that a figure can be detached from one canvas, # and re-attached to another. for attr_to_pop in ('_axobservers', 'show', 'canvas', '_cachedRenderer'): state.pop(attr_to_pop, None)
# add version information to the state state['__mpl_version__'] = _mpl_version
# check whether the figure manager (if any) is registered with pyplot from matplotlib import _pylab_helpers if getattr(self.canvas, 'manager', None) \ in _pylab_helpers.Gcf.figs.values(): state['_restore_to_pylab'] = True
# set all the layoutbox information to None. kiwisolver objects can't # be pickled, so we lose the layout options at this point. state.pop('_layoutbox', None) # suptitle: if self._suptitle is not None: self._suptitle._layoutbox = None
return state
version = state.pop('__mpl_version__') restore_to_pylab = state.pop('_restore_to_pylab', False)
if version != _mpl_version: import warnings warnings.warn("This figure was saved with matplotlib version %s " "and is unlikely to function correctly." % (version, ))
self.__dict__ = state
# re-initialise some of the unstored state information self._axobservers = [] self.canvas = None self._layoutbox = None
if restore_to_pylab: # lazy import to avoid circularity import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib._pylab_helpers as pylab_helpers allnums = plt.get_fignums() num = max(allnums) + 1 if allnums else 1 mgr = plt._backend_mod.new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, self)
# XXX The following is a copy and paste from pyplot. Consider # factoring to pylab_helpers
if self.get_label(): mgr.set_window_title(self.get_label())
# make this figure current on button press event def make_active(event): pylab_helpers.Gcf.set_active(mgr)
mgr._cidgcf = mgr.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', make_active)
pylab_helpers.Gcf.set_active(mgr) self.number = num
plt.draw_if_interactive() self.stale = True
"""Whenever the axes state change, ``func(self)`` will be called."""
""" Save the current figure.
Call signature::
savefig(fname, dpi=None, facecolor='w', edgecolor='w', orientation='portrait', papertype=None, format=None, transparent=False, bbox_inches=None, pad_inches=0.1, frameon=None, metadata=None)
The output formats available depend on the backend being used.
Parameters ----------
fname : str or file-like object A string containing a path to a filename, or a Python file-like object, or possibly some backend-dependent object such as :class:`~matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf.PdfPages`.
If *format* is *None* and *fname* is a string, the output format is deduced from the extension of the filename. If the filename has no extension, :rc:`savefig.format` is used.
If *fname* is not a string, remember to specify *format* to ensure that the correct backend is used.
Other Parameters ----------------
dpi : [ *None* | scalar > 0 | 'figure' ] The resolution in dots per inch. If *None*, defaults to :rc:`savefig.dpi`. If 'figure', uses the figure's dpi value.
quality : [ *None* | 1 <= scalar <= 100 ] The image quality, on a scale from 1 (worst) to 95 (best). Applicable only if *format* is jpg or jpeg, ignored otherwise. If *None*, defaults to :rc:`savefig.jpeg_quality` (95 by default). Values above 95 should be avoided; 100 completely disables the JPEG quantization stage.
facecolor : color spec or None, optional The facecolor of the figure; if *None*, defaults to :rc:`savefig.facecolor`.
edgecolor : color spec or None, optional The edgecolor of the figure; if *None*, defaults to :rc:`savefig.edgecolor`
orientation : {'landscape', 'portrait'} Currently only supported by the postscript backend.
papertype : str One of 'letter', 'legal', 'executive', 'ledger', 'a0' through 'a10', 'b0' through 'b10'. Only supported for postscript output.
format : str One of the file extensions supported by the active backend. Most backends support png, pdf, ps, eps and svg.
transparent : bool If *True*, the axes patches will all be transparent; the figure patch will also be transparent unless facecolor and/or edgecolor are specified via kwargs. This is useful, for example, for displaying a plot on top of a colored background on a web page. The transparency of these patches will be restored to their original values upon exit of this function.
frameon : bool If *True*, the figure patch will be colored, if *False*, the figure background will be transparent. If not provided, the rcParam 'savefig.frameon' will be used.
bbox_inches : str or `~matplotlib.transforms.Bbox`, optional Bbox in inches. Only the given portion of the figure is saved. If 'tight', try to figure out the tight bbox of the figure. If None, use savefig.bbox
pad_inches : scalar, optional Amount of padding around the figure when bbox_inches is 'tight'. If None, use savefig.pad_inches
bbox_extra_artists : list of `~matplotlib.artist.Artist`, optional A list of extra artists that will be considered when the tight bbox is calculated.
metadata : dict, optional Key/value pairs to store in the image metadata. The supported keys and defaults depend on the image format and backend:
- 'png' with Agg backend: See the parameter ``metadata`` of `~.FigureCanvasAgg.print_png`. - 'pdf' with pdf backend: See the parameter ``metadata`` of `~.backend_pdf.PdfPages`. - 'eps' and 'ps' with PS backend: Only 'Creator' is supported.
"""
kwargs.setdefault('facecolor', 'none') kwargs.setdefault('edgecolor', 'none') original_axes_colors = [] for ax in self.axes: patch = ax.patch original_axes_colors.append((patch.get_facecolor(), patch.get_edgecolor())) patch.set_facecolor('none') patch.set_edgecolor('none') else:
for ax, cc in zip(self.axes, original_axes_colors): ax.patch.set_facecolor(cc[0]) ax.patch.set_edgecolor(cc[1])
""" Create a colorbar for a ScalarMappable instance, *mappable*.
Documentation for the pyplot thin wrapper: %(colorbar_doc)s """
# Store the value of gca so that we can set it back later on.
if use_gridspec and isinstance(ax, SubplotBase) \ and (not self.get_constrained_layout()): cax, kw = cbar.make_axes_gridspec(ax, **kw) else: cax, kw = cbar.make_axes(ax, **kw)
# need to remove kws that cannot be passed to Colorbar 'panchor']
wspace=None, hspace=None): """ Update the :class:`SubplotParams` with *kwargs* (defaulting to rc when *None*) and update the subplot locations.
""" self.set_constrained_layout(False) warnings.warn("This figure was using constrained_layout==True, " "but that is incompatible with subplots_adjust and " "or tight_layout: setting " "constrained_layout==False. ") # Check if sharing a subplots axis if isinstance(ax._sharex, SubplotBase): ax._sharex.update_params() ax.set_position(ax._sharex.figbox) elif isinstance(ax._sharey, SubplotBase): ax._sharey.update_params() ax.set_position(ax._sharey.figbox) else:
mouse_pop=3, mouse_stop=2): """ Blocking call to interact with a figure.
Wait until the user clicks *n* times on the figure, and return the coordinates of each click in a list.
The buttons used for the various actions (adding points, removing points, terminating the inputs) can be overridden via the arguments *mouse_add*, *mouse_pop* and *mouse_stop*, that give the associated mouse button: 1 for left, 2 for middle, 3 for right.
Parameters ---------- n : int, optional, default: 1 Number of mouse clicks to accumulate. If negative, accumulate clicks until the input is terminated manually. timeout : scalar, optional, default: 30 Number of seconds to wait before timing out. If zero or negative will never timeout. show_clicks : bool, optional, default: False If True, show a red cross at the location of each click. mouse_add : int, one of (1, 2, 3), optional, default: 1 (left click) Mouse button used to add points. mouse_pop : int, one of (1, 2, 3), optional, default: 3 (right click) Mouse button used to remove the most recently added point. mouse_stop : int, one of (1, 2, 3), optional, default: 2 (middle click) Mouse button used to stop input.
Returns ------- points : list of tuples A list of the clicked (x, y) coordinates.
Notes ----- The keyboard can also be used to select points in case your mouse does not have one or more of the buttons. The delete and backspace keys act like right clicking (i.e., remove last point), the enter key terminates input and any other key (not already used by the window manager) selects a point. """
blocking_mouse_input = BlockingMouseInput(self, mouse_add=mouse_add, mouse_pop=mouse_pop, mouse_stop=mouse_stop) return blocking_mouse_input(n=n, timeout=timeout, show_clicks=show_clicks)
""" Blocking call to interact with the figure.
This will return True is a key was pressed, False if a mouse button was pressed and None if *timeout* was reached without either being pressed.
If *timeout* is negative, does not timeout. """
blocking_input = BlockingKeyMouseInput(self) return blocking_input(timeout=timeout)
bbox_artists = [artist for artist in self.get_children() if (artist.get_visible() and artist.get_in_layout())] for ax in self.axes: if ax.get_visible(): bbox_artists.extend(ax.get_default_bbox_extra_artists()) # we don't want the figure's patch to influence the bbox calculation bbox_artists.remove(self.patch) return bbox_artists
""" Return a (tight) bounding box of the figure in inches.
Artists that have ``artist.set_in_layout(False)`` are not included in the bbox.
Parameters ---------- renderer : `.RendererBase` instance renderer that will be used to draw the figures (i.e. ``fig.canvas.get_renderer()``)
bbox_extra_artists : list of `.Artist` or ``None`` List of artists to include in the tight bounding box. If ``None`` (default), then all artist children of each axes are included in the tight bounding box.
Returns ------- bbox : `.BboxBase` containing the bounding box (in figure inches). """
bb = [] if bbox_extra_artists is None: artists = self.get_default_bbox_extra_artists() else: artists = bbox_extra_artists
for a in artists: bbox = a.get_tightbbox(renderer) if bbox is not None and (bbox.width != 0 or bbox.height != 0): bb.append(bbox)
for ax in self.axes: if ax.get_visible(): # some axes don't take the bbox_extra_artists kwarg so we # need this conditional.... try: bbox = ax.get_tightbbox(renderer, bbox_extra_artists=bbox_extra_artists) except TypeError: bbox = ax.get_tightbbox(renderer) bb.append(bbox)
if len(bb) == 0: return self.bbox_inches
_bbox = Bbox.union([b for b in bb if b.width != 0 or b.height != 0])
bbox_inches = TransformedBbox(_bbox, Affine2D().scale(1. / self.dpi))
return bbox_inches
"""Initialize the layoutbox for use in constrained_layout.""" if self._layoutbox is None: self._layoutbox = layoutbox.LayoutBox(parent=None, name='figlb', artist=self) self._layoutbox.constrain_geometry(0., 0., 1., 1.)
""" Use ``layoutbox`` to determine pos positions within axes.
See also `.set_constrained_layout_pads`. """
from matplotlib._constrained_layout import do_constrained_layout
_log.debug('Executing constrainedlayout') if self._layoutbox is None: warnings.warn("Calling figure.constrained_layout, but figure not " "setup to do constrained layout. You either called " "GridSpec without the fig keyword, you are using " "plt.subplot, or you need to call figure or " "subplots with the constrained_layout=True kwarg.") return w_pad, h_pad, wspace, hspace = self.get_constrained_layout_pads() # convert to unit-relative lengths fig = self width, height = fig.get_size_inches() w_pad = w_pad / width h_pad = h_pad / height if renderer is None: renderer = layoutbox.get_renderer(fig) do_constrained_layout(fig, renderer, h_pad, w_pad, hspace, wspace)
rect=None): """ Automatically adjust subplot parameters to give specified padding.
To exclude an artist on the axes from the bounding box calculation that determines the subplot parameters (i.e. legend, or annotation), then set `a.set_in_layout(False)` for that artist.
Parameters ---------- renderer : subclass of `~.backend_bases.RendererBase`, optional Defaults to the renderer for the figure.
pad : float, optional Padding between the figure edge and the edges of subplots, as a fraction of the font size. h_pad, w_pad : float, optional Padding (height/width) between edges of adjacent subplots, as a fraction of the font size. Defaults to *pad*. rect : tuple (left, bottom, right, top), optional A rectangle (left, bottom, right, top) in the normalized figure coordinate that the whole subplots area (including labels) will fit into. Default is (0, 0, 1, 1).
See Also -------- .Figure.set_tight_layout .pyplot.tight_layout """
from .tight_layout import ( get_renderer, get_subplotspec_list, get_tight_layout_figure)
subplotspec_list = get_subplotspec_list(self.axes) if None in subplotspec_list: warnings.warn("This figure includes Axes that are not compatible " "with tight_layout, so results might be incorrect.")
if renderer is None: renderer = get_renderer(self)
kwargs = get_tight_layout_figure( self, self.axes, subplotspec_list, renderer, pad=pad, h_pad=h_pad, w_pad=w_pad, rect=rect) if kwargs: self.subplots_adjust(**kwargs)
""" Align the ylabels of subplots in the same subplot column if label alignment is being done automatically (i.e. the label position is not manually set).
Alignment persists for draw events after this is called.
If a label is on the bottom, it is aligned with labels on axes that also have their label on the bottom and that have the same bottom-most subplot row. If the label is on the top, it is aligned with labels on axes with the same top-most row.
Parameters ---------- axs : list of `~matplotlib.axes.Axes` Optional list of (or ndarray) `~matplotlib.axes.Axes` to align the xlabels. Default is to align all axes on the figure.
See Also -------- matplotlib.figure.Figure.align_ylabels
matplotlib.figure.Figure.align_labels
Notes ----- This assumes that ``axs`` are from the same `.GridSpec`, so that their `.SubplotSpec` positions correspond to figure positions.
Examples -------- Example with rotated xtick labels::
fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, 2) for tick in axs[0].get_xticklabels(): tick.set_rotation(55) axs[0].set_xlabel('XLabel 0') axs[1].set_xlabel('XLabel 1') fig.align_xlabels()
"""
if axs is None: axs = self.axes axs = np.asarray(axs).ravel() for ax in axs: _log.debug(' Working on: %s', ax.get_xlabel()) ss = ax.get_subplotspec() nrows, ncols, row0, row1, col0, col1 = ss.get_rows_columns() labpo = ax.xaxis.get_label_position() # top or bottom
# loop through other axes, and search for label positions # that are same as this one, and that share the appropriate # row number. # Add to a grouper associated with each axes of sibblings. # This list is inspected in `axis.draw` by # `axis._update_label_position`. for axc in axs: if axc.xaxis.get_label_position() == labpo: ss = axc.get_subplotspec() nrows, ncols, rowc0, rowc1, colc, col1 = \ ss.get_rows_columns() if (labpo == 'bottom' and rowc1 == row1 or labpo == 'top' and rowc0 == row0): # grouper for groups of xlabels to align self._align_xlabel_grp.join(ax, axc)
""" Align the ylabels of subplots in the same subplot column if label alignment is being done automatically (i.e. the label position is not manually set).
Alignment persists for draw events after this is called.
If a label is on the left, it is aligned with labels on axes that also have their label on the left and that have the same left-most subplot column. If the label is on the right, it is aligned with labels on axes with the same right-most column.
Parameters ---------- axs : list of `~matplotlib.axes.Axes` Optional list (or ndarray) of `~matplotlib.axes.Axes` to align the ylabels. Default is to align all axes on the figure.
See Also -------- matplotlib.figure.Figure.align_xlabels
matplotlib.figure.Figure.align_labels
Notes ----- This assumes that ``axs`` are from the same `.GridSpec`, so that their `.SubplotSpec` positions correspond to figure positions.
Examples -------- Example with large yticks labels::
fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 1) axs[0].plot(np.arange(0, 1000, 50)) axs[0].set_ylabel('YLabel 0') axs[1].set_ylabel('YLabel 1') fig.align_ylabels()
"""
if axs is None: axs = self.axes axs = np.asarray(axs).ravel() for ax in axs: _log.debug(' Working on: %s', ax.get_ylabel()) ss = ax.get_subplotspec() nrows, ncols, row0, row1, col0, col1 = ss.get_rows_columns() same = [ax] labpo = ax.yaxis.get_label_position() # left or right # loop through other axes, and search for label positions # that are same as this one, and that share the appropriate # column number. # Add to a list associated with each axes of sibblings. # This list is inspected in `axis.draw` by # `axis._update_label_position`. for axc in axs: if axc != ax: if axc.yaxis.get_label_position() == labpo: ss = axc.get_subplotspec() nrows, ncols, row0, row1, colc0, colc1 = \ ss.get_rows_columns() if (labpo == 'left' and colc0 == col0 or labpo == 'right' and colc1 == col1): # grouper for groups of ylabels to align self._align_ylabel_grp.join(ax, axc)
""" Align the xlabels and ylabels of subplots with the same subplots row or column (respectively) if label alignment is being done automatically (i.e. the label position is not manually set).
Alignment persists for draw events after this is called.
Parameters ---------- axs : list of `~matplotlib.axes.Axes` Optional list (or ndarray) of `~matplotlib.axes.Axes` to align the labels. Default is to align all axes on the figure.
See Also -------- matplotlib.figure.Figure.align_xlabels
matplotlib.figure.Figure.align_ylabels """ self.align_xlabels(axs=axs) self.align_ylabels(axs=axs)
""" Return a `.GridSpec` that has this figure as a parent. This allows complex layout of axes in the figure.
Parameters ---------- nrows : int Number of rows in grid.
ncols : int Number or columns in grid.
Returns ------- gridspec : `.GridSpec`
Other Parameters ---------------- *kwargs* are passed to `.GridSpec`.
See Also -------- matplotlib.pyplot.subplots
Examples -------- Adding a subplot that spans two rows::
fig = plt.figure() gs = fig.add_gridspec(2, 2) ax1 = fig.add_subplot(gs[0, 0]) ax2 = fig.add_subplot(gs[1, 0]) # spans two rows: ax3 = fig.add_subplot(gs[:, 1])
"""
_ = kwargs.pop('figure', None) # pop in case user has added this... gs = GridSpec(nrows=nrows, ncols=ncols, figure=self, **kwargs) self._gridspecs.append(gs) return gs
""" Calculate the width and height for a figure with a specified aspect ratio.
While the height is taken from :rc:`figure.figsize`, the width is adjusted to match the desired aspect ratio. Additionally, it is ensured that the width is in the range [4., 16.] and the height is in the range [2., 16.]. If necessary, the default height is adjusted to ensure this.
Parameters ---------- arg : scalar or 2d array If a scalar, this defines the aspect ratio (i.e. the ratio height / width). In case of an array the aspect ratio is number of rows / number of columns, so that the array could be fitted in the figure undistorted.
Returns ------- width, height The figure size in inches.
Notes ----- If you want to create an axes within the figure, that still preserves the aspect ratio, be sure to create it with equal width and height. See examples below.
Thanks to Fernando Perez for this function.
Examples -------- Make a figure twice as tall as it is wide::
w, h = figaspect(2.) fig = Figure(figsize=(w, h)) ax = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8]) ax.imshow(A, **kwargs)
Make a figure with the proper aspect for an array::
A = rand(5,3) w, h = figaspect(A) fig = Figure(figsize=(w, h)) ax = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8]) ax.imshow(A, **kwargs) """
isarray = hasattr(arg, 'shape') and not np.isscalar(arg)
# min/max sizes to respect when autoscaling. If John likes the idea, they # could become rc parameters, for now they're hardwired. figsize_min = np.array((4.0, 2.0)) # min length for width/height figsize_max = np.array((16.0, 16.0)) # max length for width/height
# Extract the aspect ratio of the array if isarray: nr, nc = arg.shape[:2] arr_ratio = nr / nc else: arr_ratio = arg
# Height of user figure defaults fig_height = rcParams['figure.figsize'][1]
# New size for the figure, keeping the aspect ratio of the caller newsize = np.array((fig_height / arr_ratio, fig_height))
# Sanity checks, don't drop either dimension below figsize_min newsize /= min(1.0, *(newsize / figsize_min))
# Avoid humongous windows as well newsize /= max(1.0, *(newsize / figsize_max))
# Finally, if we have a really funky aspect ratio, break it but respect # the min/max dimensions (we don't want figures 10 feet tall!) newsize = np.clip(newsize, figsize_min, figsize_max) return newsize
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