# http://pyrocko.org - GPLv3
#
# The Pyrocko Developers, 21st Century
# ---|P------/S----------~Lg----------
'''
Low-level input and output of seismic waveforms, metadata and earthquake
catalogs.
Input and output (IO) for various different file formats is implemented in the
submodules of :py:mod:`pyrocko.io`. :py:mod:`pyrocko.io` itself provides a
simple unified interface to load and save seismic waveforms to a few different
file formats. For a higher-level approach to accessing seismic data see
:doc:`/topics/squirrel`.
.. rubric:: Seismic waveform IO
The data model used for the :py:class:`~pyrocko.trace.Trace` objects in Pyrocko
is most closely matched by the Mini-SEED file format. However, a difference is,
that Mini-SEED limits the length of the network, station, location, and channel
codes to 2, 5, 2, and 3 characters, respectively.
============ =========================== ========= ======== ======
format format identifier load save note
============ =========================== ========= ======== ======
Mini-SEED mseed yes yes
SAC sac yes yes [#f1]_
SEG Y rev1 segy some
SEISAN seisan, seisan.l, seisan.b yes [#f2]_
KAN kan yes [#f3]_
YAFF yaff yes yes [#f4]_
ASCII Table text yes [#f5]_
GSE1 gse1 some
GSE2 gse2 some
DATACUBE datacube yes
SUDS suds some
CSS css yes
TDMS iDAS tdms_idas yes
HDF5 iDAS hdf5_idas yes
============ =========================== ========= ======== ======
.. rubric:: Notes
.. [#f1] For SAC files, the endianness is guessed. Additional header
information is stored in the `Trace`'s ``meta`` attribute.
.. [#f2] Seisan waveform files can be in little (``seisan.l``) or big endian
(``seisan.b``) format. ``seisan`` currently is an alias for ``seisan.l``.
.. [#f3] The KAN file format has only been seen once by the author, and support
for it may be removed again.
.. [#f4] YAFF is an in-house, experimental file format, which should not be
released into the wild.
.. [#f5] ASCII tables with two columns (time and amplitude) are output - meta
information will be lost.
'''
import os
import logging
from pyrocko import util, trace
from . import (mseed, sac, kan, segy, yaff, seisan_waveform, gse1, gcf,
datacube, suds, css, gse2, tdms_idas, hdf5_idas, hdf5_optodas)
from .io_common import FileLoadError, FileSaveError
import numpy as num
logger = logging.getLogger('pyrocko.io')
def allowed_formats(operation, use=None, default=None):
if operation == 'load':
lst = ['detect', 'from_extension', 'mseed', 'sac', 'segy', 'seisan',
'seisan.l', 'seisan.b', 'kan', 'yaff', 'gse1', 'gse2', 'gcf',
'datacube', 'suds', 'css', 'tdms_idas', 'hdf5_idas']
elif operation == 'save':
lst = ['mseed', 'sac', 'text', 'yaff', 'gse2']
if use == 'doc':
return ', '.join("``'%s'``" % fmt for fmt in lst)
elif use == 'cli_help':
return ', '.join(fmt + ['', ' [default]'][fmt == default]
for fmt in lst)
else:
return lst
g_formats_supporting_append = ['mseed']
[docs]def load(filename, format='mseed', getdata=True, substitutions=None):
'''
Load traces from file.
:param format: format of the file (%s)
:param getdata: if ``True`` (the default), read data, otherwise only read
traces metadata
:param substitutions: dict with substitutions to be applied to the traces
metadata
:returns: list of loaded traces
When *format* is set to ``'detect'``, the file type is guessed from the
first 512 bytes of the file. Only Mini-SEED, SAC, GSE1, and YAFF format are
detected. When *format* is set to ``'from_extension'``, the filename
extension is used to decide what format should be assumed. The filename
extensions considered are (matching is case insensitive): ``'.sac'``,
``'.kan'``, ``'.sgy'``, ``'.segy'``, ``'.yaff'``, everything else is
assumed to be in Mini-SEED format.
This function calls :py:func:`iload` and aggregates the loaded traces in a
list.
'''
return list(iload(
filename, format=format, getdata=getdata, substitutions=substitutions))
load.__doc__ %= allowed_formats('load', 'doc')
def detect_format(filename):
try:
f = open(filename, 'rb')
data = f.read(512)
except OSError as e:
raise FileLoadError(e)
finally:
f.close()
formats = [
(yaff, 'yaff'),
(mseed, 'mseed'),
(sac, 'sac'),
(gse1, 'gse1'),
(gse2, 'gse2'),
(datacube, 'datacube'),
(suds, 'suds'),
(tdms_idas, 'tdms_idas'),
(hdf5_idas, 'hdf5_idas'),
(hdf5_optodas, 'hdf5_optodas')]
for mod, fmt in formats:
if mod.detect(data):
return fmt
raise FileLoadError(UnknownFormat(filename))
[docs]def iload(filename, format='mseed', getdata=True, substitutions=None):
'''
Load traces from file (iterator version).
This function works like :py:func:`load`, but returns an iterator which
yields the loaded traces.
'''
load_data = getdata
toks = format.split('.', 1)
if len(toks) == 2:
format, subformat = toks
else:
subformat = None
try:
mtime = os.stat(filename)[8]
except OSError as e:
raise FileLoadError(e)
def subs(tr):
make_substitutions(tr, substitutions)
tr.set_mtime(mtime)
return tr
extension_to_format = {
'.yaff': 'yaff',
'.sac': 'sac',
'.kan': 'kan',
'.segy': 'segy',
'.sgy': 'segy',
'.gse': 'gse2',
'.wfdisc': 'css',
'.tdms': 'tdms_idas',
'.h5': 'hdf5_idas',
'.hdf5': 'hdf5_optodas'
}
if format == 'from_extension':
format = 'mseed'
extension = os.path.splitext(filename)[1]
format = extension_to_format.get(extension.lower(), 'mseed')
if format == 'detect':
format = detect_format(filename)
format_to_module = {
'kan': kan,
'segy': segy,
'yaff': yaff,
'sac': sac,
'mseed': mseed,
'seisan': seisan_waveform,
'gse1': gse1,
'gse2': gse2,
'gcf': gcf,
'datacube': datacube,
'suds': suds,
'css': css,
'tdms_idas': tdms_idas,
'hdf5_idas': hdf5_idas,
'hdf5_optodas': hdf5_optodas
}
add_args = {
'seisan': {'subformat': subformat},
}
if format not in format_to_module:
raise UnsupportedFormat(format)
mod = format_to_module[format]
for tr in mod.iload(
filename, load_data=load_data, **add_args.get(format, {})):
yield subs(tr)
[docs]def save(traces, filename_template, format='mseed', additional={},
stations=None, overwrite=True, append=False, check_append=False,
check_append_merge=False, check_append_hook=None,
**kwargs):
'''
Save traces to file(s).
:param traces: a trace or an iterable of traces to store
:param filename_template: filename template with placeholders for trace
metadata. Uses normal python '%%(placeholder)s' string templates.
The following placeholders are considered: ``network``,
``station``, ``location``, ``channel``, ``tmin``
(time of first sample), ``tmax`` (time of last sample),
``tmin_ms``, ``tmax_ms``, ``tmin_us``, ``tmax_us``. The versions
with '_ms' include milliseconds, the versions with '_us' include
microseconds.
:param format: %s
:param additional: dict with custom template placeholder fillins.
:param overwrite': if ``False``, raise an exception if file exists
:param append': append traces to the file if the file exists
:param check_append': ensure that appended traces do not overlap with
traces already present in the file
:param check_append_merge': try to merge traces with already stored traces
where check_append finds a conflict. ``append`` and
``check_append`` must be set to use this option.
:param check_append_hook: callback queried for permission to append to an
existing file (for example to prevent overwriting files which
existed prior to the application start but to allow appending to
files created in the current run). The callback takes a single
argument, the current filename. If it returns ``False`` the save
will either fail (if overwrite is ``False``) or truncate the file
(if overwrite is True). If the hook returns ``True`` or if no hook
is installed, appending is allowed.
:returns: list of generated filenames
.. note::
Network, station, location, and channel codes may be silently truncated
to file format specific maximum lengthes.
'''
if isinstance(traces, trace.Trace):
traces = [traces]
if format == 'from_extension':
format = os.path.splitext(filename_template)[1][1:]
if append and format not in g_formats_supporting_append:
raise FileSaveError(
'`pyrocko.io.save` has been called with `append=True` but the '
'file format `%s` does not support appending.' % format)
if format == 'mseed':
return mseed.save(
traces, filename_template, additional,
overwrite=overwrite,
append=append,
check_append=check_append,
check_append_merge=check_append_merge,
check_append_hook=check_append_hook,
**kwargs)
elif format == 'gse2':
return gse2.save(traces, filename_template, additional,
overwrite=overwrite, **kwargs)
elif format == 'sac':
fns = []
for tr in traces:
fn = tr.fill_template(filename_template, **additional)
if not overwrite and os.path.exists(fn):
raise FileSaveError('file exists: %s' % fn)
if fn in fns:
raise FileSaveError('file just created would be overwritten: '
'%s (multiple traces map to same filename)'
% fn)
util.ensuredirs(fn)
f = sac.SacFile(from_trace=tr)
if stations:
s = stations[tr.network, tr.station, tr.location]
f.stla = s.lat
f.stlo = s.lon
f.stel = s.elevation
f.stdp = s.depth
f.cmpinc = s.get_channel(tr.channel).dip + 90.
f.cmpaz = s.get_channel(tr.channel).azimuth
f.write(fn)
fns.append(fn)
return fns
elif format == 'text':
fns = []
for tr in traces:
fn = tr.fill_template(filename_template, **additional)
if not overwrite and os.path.exists(fn):
raise FileSaveError('file exists: %s' % fn)
if fn in fns:
raise FileSaveError('file just created would be overwritten: '
'%s (multiple traces map to same filename)'
% fn)
util.ensuredirs(fn)
x, y = tr.get_xdata(), tr.get_ydata()
num.savetxt(fn, num.transpose((x, y)))
fns.append(fn)
return fns
elif format == 'yaff':
return yaff.save(traces, filename_template, additional,
overwrite=overwrite, **kwargs)
else:
raise UnsupportedFormat(format)
save.__doc__ %= allowed_formats('save', 'doc')
class UnknownFormat(Exception):
def __init__(self, filename):
Exception.__init__(self, 'Unknown file format: %s' % filename)
class UnsupportedFormat(Exception):
def __init__(self, format):
Exception.__init__(self, 'Unsupported file format: %s' % format)
def make_substitutions(tr, substitutions):
if substitutions:
tr.set_codes(**substitutions)
